V
6 C
THURSDAY. DECEMBliR 12. 10(13
MEDFORD MAIL TRIBUNE, MEDFORD. OREGON
MEDFORD MAIL TRIBUNE, MEDFORD, OREfiON
THURSDAY, DECEMBER 12, 19H3
South Bend, Ind., Wlarks End of Era as Studebaker Plant To Close Independent Africa Confronted With Variety of
... ..,.. p.,,... .' sniiTH BKND Ind. (UPD-llhe early morning shift at I this impossible, he said. Such , be a private conference. They i ed of the highest I g
Editor's Note: Filtccn days
before Christmas, an econ
omic crisis confronts thou
sands of workers at the
Studebaker plant In South
Bend, Ind., today. Here is a
UPI team report on the dis
location. Duvid Smothers of
UPI, Chicago, Robert Page.
UPI, Indianapolis, and South
Bend newsmen cooperated in
this dispatch.)
Qnnlh Rnnrl nnl llm word tndav
by long distance: The auto pro
duction line at Studebaker will
start closing down in a week at
the earliest, two weeks at the
latest.
By Christmas, the automotive
saga which was Studebaker of
South Bend could be a memory.
While Studebaker employes
shuffled through the snow onto
ind University
Student Sets High
Goals To Achieve
By JOAN SWEENEY
United Press International
LOS ANGELES (UPI) -Michael
Yale of Burbank, Calif.,
is a study in dauntlcssness.
Although he is blind, 4hc 19-year-old
junior at the Univer
sity of California at Berkeley
manages to accomplish more
than many who have their sight.
He recently made a 27-day
accompanied only by his guide
dog, Archie. Not only did he
travel alone, but he made all
his own arrangements as he
went along.
He qualifies as a conceit pi
anist, has won medals for de
bating and public speaking,
earns high grades, writes poe
try and fiction, plays Softball
and bridge and bowls.
"I made up my mind that tf
someone said there was some
thing a blind person couldn't
do, 1 was determined to do it,"
Michael said. "1 have never
found anything I couldn't do
yet. I've had to modify it
sometimes like Softball, but I've
been able to do It."
Ho explained that the blind
use a rubber ball for Softball.
The pitcher rolls in along the
ground to the batter, and coun
selors at the bases use noise
makers to give a runner the
proper direction.
Nor has Michael lot his handi
cap dim his future ambitions.
A journalism major, he plans
to altend law school and hopes
lo serve in the Peace Corps.
Ho has a double reason for
hoping to be accepted by the
Corps:
"First of all, I want to help
tho blind in other countries
where they have pretty bad
rnnrlifinnK Kpmndlv. I Can't CO
into the armed forces, and this
would sort of be compensation
for the tact innt I can i.
An Fm- his liln. Michael said
"I had never been cast of Re
no, Nevada, before but I had
traveled around California, and
I thought I could do it."
A cross - country trip alone
seems fraught with difficul
ty for a blind person, but Mich
ael said he had very few prob
lems. Climbed Monument
"I'm glad I look tho trip,"
he said. "It helped Rcnerato
more confidence in myself and
to become more independent
than before. It gnvc me more
experience in meeting different
people in strange silualions."
During the 'trip, Michael
climbed to the top of the 550
foot high Washington monument
and hack down aBiiill in 30
minutes. He was spurred on
by a guard wno expressed tun
liirWnhin skenticism in Mich
ael's ability to do it.
Swimming in tnc ureal oan
Lake and in Lake Michigan with
a Rrnadwav
ruling, oh.hmhb 7 ....
play, visiting a Greenwich Vil
lage cottce nouse lor a iuiu
:.Lt fnlb- coccinn InurinC ' the
Ford plant and assembly line
in Dearborn Mien., were aiming
the highlights of his trip. .
Maui Vniimra often maluzncd
as cold and hostile to strangers,
have found a champion in ivucn
acl. He found them the most
friendly people in the country.
However, his sentiment didn't
extend to the city itself. He
thought it was loo crowded and
noisy.
He also gave aau l.hrb -hj
and Chicago residents nign
marks for their hospitality.
Michael brought back a large
collection of sculo model souve
nicrs from the places he visited.
"They let me see what these
things are like," he explained
... i,- e.,i in tlm l.os Angeles
office of the Braille Institute
of America. "You can tell me
the Capitol is a big building
...ill. n rlnmn fill Inn. llllt I Call t
Willi a uuii.k r. ,
really picture it too well. But
if I can teei me hub i.-.a
then 1 can tell."
Blinded
Mii.hnnl him hecn blind since
the age of five when a can of
in nn inrinnrnlnr blew un
in his face, lie suffered third
degree burns (rum the waist up
and for a time It was mrougiu
his left arm would have to be
amputated.
Ho credits his independent
ways to his mollicr and to his
plastic surgeon, who advised
her to make him do things for
himself without her help. Al
though it was difficult to watch
him struggle, sin forced her
self to follow the doctor's ad
vice. However, It paid off, and now
Miohunl manppK ills nwn Hliai't-
mcnt near the Berkeley camp
us with no difficulty. While still
recuperating from his Injuries,
ho began using tho facilities of
the Braille institute.
Michael's dream is to enter
politics and to run for office.
What office? "As high as I
can gel," he replied.
If determination counts, it
could be president..
Ihe early morning shift at
South Bend, and while civic
leaders gathered in the red
brick administration building
for a word with company offi
cials, Chairman of the Board
Randolph 11. Guthrie dished out
cold turkey at a news confer
ence in New York.
He spelled out the details of
Monday's announcement, stun
ning in South Bend, that Stude
baker was ceasing U.S. car
production and moving its auto
motive production to Hamilton,
Ont.
Guthrie said the production
line will start closing within a
week or two according to the
present production schedule.
Severance Pay
There won't be many techni
cal or engineering employes
moving lrom South Bend to
Hamilton, Guthrie said. Canadi
an law, if nothing else, makes
this impossible, he said. Such
salaried employes, Guthrie said
will get severance pay.
As for the men in the plant,
an estimated 6,000 of them,
they'll have to get by on sup
plemental benefits provided by
the United Auto Workers con
tract, Guthrie said.
"We are sorry we find it
necessary to put people out of
work in South Bend," the board
chairman said.
"The Hamilton move is the
only way to stay in business in
definitely and make a profit.
We were being bled white in
South Bend," Guthrie said.
Figures Show Loss
He said recent figures
showed a $40 million loss in
Studcbakcr's South Bend car
operations.
The civic leaders in South
Bend got much the same word
in the company's administra
tion offices. U was supposed to
filed out of the elevators alter
ward with drawn faces.
The two conferences an
swered the big question in
South Bend: "When?"
The loss to this prosperous
city on the northern edge of In
diana was still to be estimated.
One educated guess was a loss
of $38 million in pay checks to
the city's economy annually.
The first blow came Monday
in another New York announce
ment from company President
Byers A. Burlingame. His word
that South Bend car produc
tion would cease meant the end
of a tradition of work and
craftsmanship which had pas
sed in South Bend from great
grandfather to grandfather to
father to son.
South Bend wasn't afraid of
the future. But it was sad.
To South Bend, a pleasant
city of 135,000, which has boast
come in the state of Indiana,
the time and the minute
seemed of secondary impor
tance. South Benders knew it
might happen. It was just hard
to believe when it hit.
According to the United Auto
Workers, that meant 7,000 hour
ly workers out of jobs and
thousands of families without a
regular paycheck. The Cham
ber of Commerce put the num
ber of jobs at stake at about
4,000.
Stunning Effect
Nobody denied the shutdown
at Studebaker would have a
stunning effect on life in South
Bend. Conservative estimates
ran at $580,000 to be lost in
weekly paychecks.
The word from Studebaker
was, to all appearances,
rushed. It had been scheduled
for a New York news confer
ence Wednesday. Press leaks
nouncement
That Studebaker would dis
continue auto assembly at
South Bend and shift its pri
mary auto base to Hamilton.
Studebaker would stay very
much in business with the di
versified industries which have
provided much of its profit
since its automotive business
went sour after the great year
of the Lark in 1949.
Studebaker "regrets the
necessity of curtailing South
Bend operations, but the eco
nomics of the operation permit
no other course."
On automobile row in De
troit, that meant a shift in the
basic statistics. Now there were
only four automotive giants
producing in he U.S. General
Motors, Ford, Chrysler and
American Motors.
It also was the end of an
American story which began
ers studebaker came to mis
simple agreement:
"I, Pete studebaker, agree to
sell all the wagons my brother
Clem can make."
Booming Business
Actually, the Studebaker boys
had been making wagons in
South Bend for 11 years before
the 1863 agreement was signed.
In the Civil War, and as the
West was opened, Pete sold all
the wagons Clem could make.
And in 1902 the Studebakers
had a new-fangled electric car
on the road and in 1904 the lat
est thing a "gas buggy."
Studebaker was a , proud
name on the roads through the
first decades of the automotive
age. The South Bend company
boasted of craftsmanship of
how South Bend father handed
down his knowledge to South
Bend son. In large part it was
true,
that meant that a great many
of the men of Studebaker were
past their prime as far as the
labor market is concerned. Men
of 50 or older are of the suff
of which craftsmen are made,
and there are many of them at
Studebaker. But it is tough for
them to line up at the employ
ment office.
r 7
Problems Now
Quality comes first,
then the low price
NU-MAR
MARGARINE
MADE BV
Viitlibli Oil Products CemHfty. Inc.
Wilmlnrtnn. Calltsmil
By United Press International
Africa is big, poor and turbu
lent. The world's second - largest
continent, Africa is smaller on
ly than Asia. Its 11,500,000 square
miles give It a land ' mass
nearly equal to North America
and Australia combined. It is
5,100 miles from tip to stern
and nearly that across its middle.
Potentially rich in natural re
sources, this vast continent is
poor through lack of develop
ment and communications. Its
political emergence from colon
ialism has been the major world
event of the past decade. It
looks now to the "have" na
tions for economic help to raise
its standards to theirs.
With the Asians, Africans can
command more than half the
votes in the General Assembly
of the United Nations. And the
Afro-Asian bloc has used its
votes to tip the balance of
power in the world organiza
tion away from the West. Where
only votes count, it is the ar
biter. Ghana Is First
The rush to independence in
Black Africa below the Sahara
began with Ghana in 1957. In
1960 alone, 14 countries be
came independent. Following
Kenya and Zanzibar, Nyasa
land and Northern Rhodesia are
expected to gain their independ
ence in 1964.
Like Kenya, Northern Rhode
sia will be a test. Bordering
Katanga, it has a white mi
nority of 77,000 which controls
most of the economic life cen
tering around its rich copper
mines. Zambia, as its name
will be, is on the road south.
Beyond lies trouble for Africa
and for the world. In the south-
em half of the continent lie
most of the territories which
black nationalism still aims to
"liberate" from white rule
the Portuguese territories, South
em Rhodesia, and, finally,
South Africa and South West
Africa.
In Africa, black South Afri
cans are getting guerrilla train
ing in several countries to at
tempt terrorism and revolt
should other means fail. The
fighting already has begun in
Angola and in Portuguese Gui
nea. Mozambique is crowded
with Portuguese troops ready
for trouble.
Whites In Control
In South Africa, the whites
are in firm control. They have
been settled there for more
than 300 years, as long or long
er than the black Africans in
some parts of the country.
Outnumbered more than three
to one, the whites still number
over three million.
Most have no place else to
go. They fear black rule. '
Economically, black Africans
are better off in developed
South Africa than in any other
country on the continent. Po
litically, they are helpless. As
the pressure mounts. South Af
rica's white Nationalist party
government is working against
time to put into effect a plan
of its own which it calls "sep
arate development" and which
the world knows as apartheid.
It envisages a scries of black
tribal states to be self-governing
and perhaps eventually in
dependent. But it does not meet
African nationalist demands of
majority rule, which would give
them control of the country.
The first crisis points else
where, in Angola and Mozam
bique, then perhaps Southern
Rhodesia. Eventually, the black
Africans are determined that
the test will come in one
form or another in South
Africa.
African liberation is supposed
to lead to African unity, to a
United States of Africa. This is
the announced goal of all Afri
can leaders. The differences
have been over how to achieve
it in one great rush toward
political unity as advocated by
President Kwame Nkrumah of
Ghana or by gradual coopera
tion in all fields as favored by
most other leaders.
The gradual school prevails.
Under the leadership of Emper
or Haile Selassie of Ethiopia,
African heads of state met in
i his capital of Addis Ababa last
May. They formed an Organiza
tion of African Unity (OAU) to
organize cooperation on a con
tinental scale. They decided to
seek more power in U.N. coun
cils and to finance and coordi
nate the efforts for liberating
the rest of the continent.
But aside from liberation,
Africa's own dangerous prob
lems are beginning to emerge.
One-Parly Rule
Almost every African state
has moved toward one - party
rule which is supposed to con
centrate talents for develop
ment while leaving room for
discussion within the single party-
The Sudan has its own "racial
problem" between its Arab
north and Negro south.
Togo president S y 1 v a n u s
Olympio was assassinated by
rebellious soldiers; President
Fulbert Youlou of Congo (Braz
zaville) and Hubert Magam of
Dahomey have been over
thrown. Bomb attempts have
been made against Nkrumah.
And plots have been discovered
in Ivory Coast, Senegal and
Chad.
In October, fighting broke out
between Algeria and Morocco
over their border. Emperor
Haile Selassie and Mali presi
dent Mobido Keita hastily ar
ranged a ceasefire, and African
foreign ministers again con
verged on Addis Ababa last
month to establish a mediation
commission. Its work is still
ahead.
Other border disputes threat
en to explode from Somali
claims on parts of Ethiopia and
Kenya inhabited by nomad So
mali tribesmen. Border raids on
Ethiopia and Kenya have deep
ened Ihe crisis and Somalia has
accepted $30 million worth of
Russian military aid to build up
her armed forces giving the
Russians a foothold, many fear,
on Africa's last coast.
Herd of Deer Wired
For Sound To Help
Research Project
By ROBERT L. K1ENBERG
United Press International
WEST GREENWICH, R. I.
(UPI) A herd of deer is being
wired for sound and licensed by
the Federal Communications
Commission to help researchers
here learn more about wildlife
management.
Miniature radio transmitters,
originally developed to gather
information from rockets and
orbiting satellites, were filled to
10 while-tailed deer by Univer
sity of Rhode Island scientists.
Then the deer wcro turned
loose.
Tho deer wear Ihe tiny trans
mitters on special plastic col
lars around their necks. Each
transmitter weighs less than
half a pound and has an anten
na built Into the collar. It emits
a steady signal which can be
picked up from two to four
miles away.
Minute frequency changes
caused by slight movement and
vibration of the deer's trans
mitting antenna aro interpreted
to determine whether he is bed
ding down, eating, running or
walking.
Study Possibilities
Prof. John J. Kupa, projeel
director, said the same tech
niques can be used with other
animals and anticipates that the
study will lead to a broad se
ries of wildlife management
projects. He said the informa
tion will be useful in drafting
wildlife management and for
estry policies.
The research may tell scien
tists how much land male and
female deer and their offspring
cover; whether the area that
deer live in is used by the same
family group and how bucks re
act toward each other during
(lie mating season. Kupa said
the study may show how move
ments of deer are affected by
forest practices such as clear
cutting, partial cuts, thinning
and planting.
An inked stylus traces a per
manent record of the transmit
ted data on a continuous chart.
One permanent receiving sta
tion and three portable receiv
ers maintain an around the
clock watch on Ihe deer.
Heavy Packs
Researchers carry 4 ' is pound
receivers at their bells and
walkie talkies slung over their
shoulders when they take to the
field. They hiko many miles, if
necessary, should the test deer
leave home and strike out over
the hills.
Attached to Ihe collars arc
mercury cell batteries which
arc expected to provide trans
mission power during the two
year project. Trof. Kupa said
experiments will also be con
due'ed with solar cells, which
conduct light directly to clcctri-
cal energy.
In the past, Kupa said, scien
tists had to rely on relrapping
or reports from hunters, but
that no information on the
whereabouts of deer during tho
period between initial marking
and later spotting.
h3
jiuiii i ij i.i j1 i i.iiiili www TTrrm mi i mm iwrrn i v i vi t p p ji-n"rT' l i wtm .t. t irr.Trj
u i ti ,i if i l f j fti -5 lnn imi ii mraiiiia i r m wv 1 14 iii a'.jvv-hm lain orvi m atj iiKi'jiin -vjui : zm I'i'iii -b -
In most of the continent, in
dependence has been won, and
Africa has her way on to the
world stage. Now the world is
watching to see whether the
continent it long called "dark"
can solve the classic problems
which have faced and divided
nations on other continents
throughout history.
"We do not," one African
leader said with unconscious
irony, "want to become another
South America."
Try and Stop Me
By BENNETT CERr
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A PRIZE FIGHTER, having heavy going in his first im
portant fight, was floored in the second round by a
punch right on the button. He looked from the mat at' hi
trainer witn glazea eyes, j"
"Let tne reieree count, I I'J'f
yelled the trainer. "Don't I j
gei up mi eigm. me
fighter nodded and asked
weakly, "What time is it
now2"
That eminent composer
and band leader, Duke El
lington, who understand
ably la not displeased when
disciples refer to him aa
"The American Bach," often
quotes that same Bach in
h 1 a casual conversation.
The Duke ones was heard
to remark, speaking about piano playing, "As Bach sayi, If you
ain't got a left hand, you ain't worth a hoot in hell."
Speaking of typographical errors that actually make sense, a
Canadian newspaper gravely reported recently, "The Claude
Johnsons have spit and she is expected to .file suit for divorce
Immediately."
C 1863, by Bennett Cerf, Distributed by Kins Iatur Syndicate
740-Foot High Dam
In India Dedicated
MARKET TOMATOES
No. 2V2
Tin
5,.fT
OPEN
9 A.M.
TO 9 P.M.
7 DAYS
A WEEK
MARJORETTI SPAGHETTI OR
NEW DELHI (UPI) - The
highest dam in Asia has gone
into operation 150 miles north
of New Delhi as part of a mam
moth river valley program
which could change the face of
northwest India.
The 740-foot hich Bhakra
Dam was dedicated by Prime
Minister Jawaharlal Nehru as
the keystone of an irrigation
and power project which the In
dian government describes as
the biggest in Asia.
The dam alone cost India
$150 million. Canals, transmis
mission lines and another dam
called the Nangal, brought the
total cost of the project to
roughly $350 million.
Although India is the world s
biggest recipient of foreign aid,
none was used for construction
of Bhakra - Nangal. The project
originally was conceived In 1048.
When it ran into congressional
opposition in the United States,
the Indians decided to build
their biggest river valley proj
ect with their own resources.
being distributed to 3.6 million
acres of farmland, along 3,000
miles of freshly dug canals.
Eventually the water will nour
ish 6.7 million acres of semi
desert, northwest India. Indian
farm experts predict an annual,
new production of 1,100,000 tons
of grain, 800,000 bales of cotton
and 500,000 tons of sugar cane.
ELBOW MACARONI
MARKET HAWAIIAN
SLICED PINEAPPLE
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BEEF SHORT RIBS 29?
BOILING BEEF .25
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SIRLOIN STEAK .89
GROUND BEEF 3tl
CANNED PICNICS 5
PORK STEAK , 49
7 BONE ROAST: 59
ROUND BONE ROAST 69
GROUND CHUCK 59'
STEWING CHICKEN 39
SIDE PORK... 49'
DINNER DATE-FROZEN
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FRENCH FRIED CRINKLE CUT
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See Pages 5-C & 1-D
this paper for
Christmas Gifts
in Other Departments
CARROTS !a9
FREH CRISP
CELERY ..15
FLORIDA
C TANGERINES J9
ADD ZEST TO YOUR SALAD
AVOCADOS ..10'
NEW CROP NAVELS
Sunkist Oranges v.: 59
THRILL DETERGENT 22-oi. bottle 69c
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DREFT 9,unt lit. 79c
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Med. Site 3 tor 35c Lg. ill. .... 2 for 37c
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JOY LIQUID DETERGENT 24-ot. bottl. 69e
OXYDOL .... gi.nt ! 75e
CHEER gi.nt ill. 75e
DASH gin ii" B9c
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SPIS SPAN I.'gt lite 33c
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COMET CLEANSER Gi.nt Site. 2 For 53c
MR. CLEAN 12-ot. bortlt 67e
DOWNY 49e
DUZ giant liit 7Je
RipQ QllVQS M.dera Medium No. 1 ... 5 tins $700
PlZZQ iMlX Jeno'. 1 14,-oz. pkg. 89
Strawberry Jam i4. i.r 79
Bartlett Pears 39
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Medford, Sliced or Hslvei....2'A tin 37
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SardineS Driftor-in Oil- Tin
Freestone Peaches
Plenty of American talent
went into the dam, however. Its
guiding engineering genius was
a veteran California dam build
er named M. Harvey Slocum
who died in 1IHU. Slocum and 40
other American engineers were
hired directly by the Indiun
government. Slocum's widow
receives a pension from the In
dian government.
The Bhakra Nangal project
has succeeded in Its first aim,
which was to tame the annual
floods of the Sutloj River. The
river's waters now are confined
by the Bhakra Dam in a 55-milo-long
lake which holds
enough water to supply the
needs of India's 450 million peo
ple for a full year.
The project has been supply
ing electricity since the first
turbines began turning in the
smaller, Nangal Dam, in 1055.
Nangal now can generate 154,
000 kilowatts of electricity, but
It is dwarfed by Bhakra's new
ly finished power house, the
largest In India, which produces
450,000 kilowatts from five gen
erators. When all the finishing touches
arc added to the project, Bha-kra-Nanal
will produce 000,000
kilowatts, bring electricity to
3,000 villages and turn the
wheels of a host of new, small
Industries.
The water behind Ihe dam is
limit Rights
Roiorved
No S.loi ta
Dolors
Drive-ln Theater
Opens in Alaska
ANCHORAGE, Alaska (UPI)
This time of year, drive - in
theaters in many parts of the
country arc closing for the win
ter. Speakers are moved Inside,
concession stands are locked
and marques post "closed for
the season" signs.
In Alaska, Ihings are different.
The BlUiken Drive-In, Alas
ka's first and only, opened this
fall and plans to slay that way
through the long winter.
Anchorage seldom experiences
Alaska's fabled 60 below weath
er, but the mercury does dip to
a brisk minus 20 on occasion-
hardly ouldoor movie weather,
even in Alaska,
But the Billiken has the an
swer. Speaker posts, in addition
to sound, provide heaters for
each car. The owner of the 600
car capacity theater, Edwprd
llanby, concedes Its possible
the weather may get bitter
enough to make ihe heaters in
effective, and if that happens,
he says the Billiken will close,
but only temporarily.
But in June, when hordes in
shirtsleeves and convertibles
arc flocking to drive-ins else
where, the Billiken will be
forced to close because of too
much daylight. In mid-summer,
Anchorage has almost 20 hours
of it. The sun sets a little be
fore 10 at night and rises again
a little after 2 o'clock in the
morning. The other four hours
arc twilight and dawn rolled
into one, and it's never dark
enough long enough to show
much more than a cartoon.
As a concession to the sun,
4hc theater will show one fea
ture and a cartoon each night
during May, July and August.
The rest of the year, It will fea
ture a double bill plus cartoon.
Dennis the Menace
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