SUNDAY, DECEMBER 8, 1963
MEDFORD MAIL TRIBUNE. MEDFORD. OREGON
Central Committee of Soviet Union To Discuss Chemical Industry
By DANIEL F. GILMORE In the coming week, the So- the Central Committee of the viet chemical industry, the third
United Press International viet premier and party leaders Communist party of the Soviet such meeting within five and
MOSCOW (UPI) "Chemis- plan to build a new mint, and Union. one-half years. It will mark a
try," said Nikita Khrushchev, it appears they need one. Officially, it was summoned dramatic attempt by Khrush-
"is a mint which turns out The setting will be a plenary to discuss the problem of de- chev and the top men of the
gold." meeting beginning Monday of veloping a more powerful So- ruling Central Committee to
, , , ...
Khrushchev To Enumerate Plans
MOSCOW (UPI) - Soviet
Premier Nikita S. Khrushchev
will enumerate his plans for
an economic revolution
through chemistry from a plat
form In the 19th century Grand
Kremlin Palace, an assembly
hall of monumental propor
tions built in 1939.
Seated at polished walnut
desks will be an audience of
some 1,000 persons. This in
cludes 328 central committee
members 174 voting dele
gates and 154 non-voting can
didate members and hun
dreds of chemical and agricul
tural experts who nominally
are expected to judge the plan
with a critical eye.
The central committee's job
is to direct the party's work
between party congresses,
which are supposed to be held
every four years. Day to day
administration is delegated to
tbe Presidium and the Secre
tariat, headed by Khrushchev.
Last Plenum Meeting
The last plenum sat in June
for its first all ideological
meeting since the revolution,
forced by the worsening Sino
Soviet dispute. It rejected as
"groundless and slanderous"
Communist Chinese attacks on
the Soviet party and its deci
sions .in thp last three con
gresses regarding de-Staliniza-tion
and peaceful co-existence.
Before than, the plenum met
Nov. 19-23, 1962, when a num
ber of radical changes were
ordered in party economic or
ganizations. The organizational changes
were put forward in a 30,000
word report by Khrushchev
and his chemical message
could run as long.
Among new appointees at
the November, 1962, plenum
was Pyotr Demichev, 44-year-old
member of the Secretariat,
who was named to the new
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central committee bureau for
the chemical and light indus
tries. The spotlight will be on
Demichev with the new em
phasis on chemicals.
When this plenum ends, it
will be followed by the session
of the Supreme Soviet Dec. 16.
Described as a two-house par
liament, the Supreme Soviet
includes the Soviet of the Un
ion and the Soviet of National
ities. (The Soviet of the Union has
791 members, one for each
300,000 inhabitants of the coun
try, elected for four - year
terms. Elections are due next
year. Also elected for four
year terms are the 652 mem
bers of the Soviet of Nation
alities. Each of the USSR's
15 republics has 25 deputies,
each autonomous republic has
II, each autonomous region
five and each national area
one.)
Used as Springboard
Khrushchev used the last
session as a springboard for a
major foreign policy speech
in which he replied at length
to Chinese and Albanian alle
gations that the Soviet Union
was following a policy of "ap
peasement" toward the United
States during the Cuban crisis.
A year later, China is con
tinuing to rail at the Soviet
Union for its "kow-towing" to
America and Khrushchev is
still standing firm on his pro
fessed policy of co-existence
and negotiations to ease ten
sions. The coming weeks will see,
in the aftermath of the new
Johnson administration in the
United States, how strongly
this will be reaffirmed.
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find ways of curing five years
of chronic agricultural trou
bles, and of relieving growing
consumer goods.
The chemical industry is to
be re-vitalized at the stagger
ing cost of 40 billion rubles ($44
billion) over the next seven
years, along with a long-range
irrigation project estimated to
cost up to 20 billion rubles
($21 billion).
Meanwhile, a not Insignifi
cant bill for wheat being im
ported or on order from Cana
da, Australia and the United
States is piling up to the $1
billion mark to make up for
this year's poor harvests alone.
Something Must Give
Something in the massive Red
economy will have to give, in
the face of these awesome fig
ures, either in heavy industry,
space or defense, observers
here claim.
Decisions made this week will
have far-reaching repercussions
in the Soviet Union and abroad.
The chemical targets are to
be spelled out In a major re
port presented by Khrushchev
at 10 a.m. Monday to a plenum
of the Central Committee.
Expected to sit in secret ses
sion for about five days, the
plenum will approve decisions
vitally affecting the 1964 budget
of the U.S.S.R. and the future
economy. The budget will go
for approval to the two cham
bers of the Supreme Soviet of
the U.S.S.R., which is to meet
in joint parliamentary session on
Dec. 16.
Enormous Sum
"This is an enormous sum,"
Khrushchev himself said of the
funds for the development of
the chemical industry. But he
claims the Soviet economy can
shoulder H with minor adjust
ments and no effect on space
or defense.
"Perhaps it will be necessary
to slow down somewhat the de
velopment of some branches in
order to give priority to the de
velopment of chemistry in the
next 3 to 4 years," he told a
group in late October.
"By creating a more power
ful chemical industry, we shall .
guarantee accumulation of funds :
which will ensure quicker prog- i
ress in the development of all 1
branches of production. This is
what chemistry means figura
tively speaking, chemistry is a
mint which turns out gold. . ."
As if to anticipate thoughts
that funds would have to be
diverted from defense, he said:
"The imperialists can say that
the Soviet Government is going
to spend large funds on the de
velopment of chemistry and ir
rigation, hence, it will not allo
cate money for armaments . . .
Defense Said Necessary
"This will not come off . . .
what is necessary for defense
we have done and we are do
ing .. .
"To put it in a nutshell, ex
penditures on the development
of chemistry will not affect our
defense. This year, certain dif
ficulties have arisen here, but
we will overcome them."
The weather has not been kind
to the Soviet Union this year. A ;
very cold winter with harsh
frosts destroyed winter crops.
Spring crops gave lesser yields.
The slimmer was dry and hot
and large areas of "virgin land"
in Siberia and Kazakhstan and
i a considerable part of European
Hussia and the Ukrane suffered
severe drought.
Russia has come a long way
since the days when millions
were allowed to perish in fam
ines. Khrushchev is not the least
embarrassed to buy in the west.
With characteristic bluntness he
said in late October:
Don't Have Enough
"If we purchase wheat from
capitalist countries, this means
that we don't have enough
wheat of our own this year. If
we had enough wheat of our
own, we would not buy it . . .
our wheat shortage this year is
explained by the extremely un-
lavorably climatic condition . . .
the parly and government are
now taking measures which in
the future will guarantee the
necessary quantities of grain."
"One of (he secrets of Amer
ican farming is that in (he Unit
ed States large quantities of
mineral fertilisers are fed to
grain crops." Khrushchev said.
"And in our country, that was
not done hitherto. That is why
harvests largely depend on rain
fall. We want to got rid of the
fatal influence of the whims of
nature, to make sure of raising
stable harvests. For those pur
poses we must take advantage
of science, chemistry and irri
gation." Khrushchev is proposing a
crash program, the vastness of
which he has described on a
number of occasions to visitors,
newsmen and in speeches to
farmers. He told a top level
group of American business ex
ecutives Nov. 6: "We shall raise
our level of productivity in ag
riculture to the level obtained in
the United States." How?
"It all boils down to the need
for more mineral fertilizers and
this entails the need for capital.
We have capital," Khrushchev
said.
"Gentlemen capitalists," he
interrupted himself, "you shake
your heads skeptically. But 1
nod my head and I say it will
be done."
One source of investment
funds Khrushchev has men
tioned is a bonus of 40 billion
rubles ($44 billion) he sayspias
resulted from over-fulfillment of
the current seven year plan for
the development of industry. Ag
riculture has not been as for
tunate. "For 1964 and 1965 we are ad
justing our original plan for fer
tilizers and agricultural machin
ery. For the next five year plan
which is now under develop
ment, we envision a greater
share for chemicals, plastics,
artificial fibers, mineral fer
tilizers . . . The plastics will be
used in industry but items such
as synthetic fibers, artificial
leathers and so on will mainly
go to satisfy needs in the field
of consumer goods."
Indicating even greater ur
gency to get on with his pro
gram, Khrushchev told tbe
American businessmen he would
like to buy mineral fertilizers,
synthetic resins, fibers and the
like from the United States.
Such vast future program
ming would seem to demand a
fairly stable period of interna
tional relations, in view of ex
perts here.
So a sheaf or wheat or the
lack of it could keep pressure
off Berlin. It could also explain
the Kremlin's almost stoic pa
tience in the face of vitriolic
and vicious attacks from the
men of Peking.
Khrushchev, with pressing do
mestic projects, would not seem
anxious to push a two front cold
war with China and the United
States.
But he claims there will be
no slackening of the Soviet
space program or relaxation of
the U.S.S.R. military posture.
"How much of that is whistl
ing in the dark," as one diplo
mat put it, "is anyone's guess."
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