TUESDAY,
Farm &
6 A
Cherry Men Boost
Mechanical Picking
Berry Breeding
CORVALUS Dr. John Ca
rew, Head of the Department of
Horticulture at Michigan Slate
University, told stone fruit grow-
ers during the 78th annual meet
ing of the Oregon Horticultural
Society that Michigan sour cher
ry growers are linaing mat uie
economies and convenience of
. mechanical harvesting methods
outweigh their disadvantages.
According to Dr. Carew, 61
Michigan growers had the
equipment needed to harvest
cherries mechanically this sea
son. Due to a poor crop year.
20 had no crop to harvest. But
the remaining 41 growers, most-
lv with one shaker and one
frame each, harvested Vk mil'
lion pounds of sour cherries, or
about four per cent of the to
tal crop, mechanically,
Since the first commercial
harvest with shakers in 1959,
they've found that they can har
vest cherries mecnamcany tor
$30 to $40 a ton less than with
hand picking, and generally get
iruit of satisiactory quality.
Sour cherries can be separa-
ted satisfactorily from the tree
with a mechanical shaker, and
caught on frames. They can be
transported from the orchard to
the processor without damage
to the fruit.
Speed an Advantage
Aside from cost, another ad
vantage of mechanical harvest
is the speed. Shakers can work
an 18 to 24 hour day. One Mich
igan grower, according to Ca
rew, harvested 12 trees per
hour with a shaker and catch
ing frame. Put another way, this
amounted to 1,000 pounds of
cherries per hour, at a cost of
less than one cent per pound.
Many leaves, twigs, and cull
cherries are shaken onto the
catching frame, making for a
sorting problem at the process
ing plant. There is too much
tree damage, and the fruit is
bruised excessively in some
cases. There is a need for im
proved equipment. These prob
lems are being attacked by In
dividual growers, University re
searchers, and the industry, ac
cording to Carew.
Yields from the heavily prun
ed trees that were mechanically
harvested Increased 12 per cent
over the yield Irom the conven
tionally pruned trees. Dr. Carew
says this was due to the thinning
and cleaning out of the weaker
center branches, which were too
limber for the cherries to shake
off easily. Heavy pruning in
creased the ease and speed of
harvest.
Use Water Tanks
The bruising problem In Mich
igan is partially solved by the
current trend toward picking
into water tanks and transport
ing the cherries to the processor
in water. Cherries moving to
one particular processing plant
are shaken from the trees onto
picking frames, drop into wa
ter containers, then into tank
trucks from which they are
(lumped Into water vats at the
plant.
From the vats, conveyors car
ry the cherries Into large sort
ing drums, where revolving met
al "fingers" pick them up and
allow an electronic sorter to
scan them and reject all of the
cherries with dark spots. This
is done by using the degree ef
liRht reflection through the cher
ries as a guide to spot culls,
which are shunted to one side.
Ten of these electronic sort
ers, which can sort cherries at
the rate of more than 1,000 per
minute, have eliminated the
need for 30 to 35 women in this
plant, said Dr. Carew. The cher
ries are actually untouched by
FARM
Woodlot
By RICHARD OLSON
State Farm Forester
One Wednesday, Nov. 13, the
third forestry tour, sponsored by
the Jackson County Farm For
estry committee in Jackson
County was held. Approximate
ly 20 interested landowners at
tended. The main topics of dis
cussion were tree planting and
Chrislmas tree culture. The
weather co-operated to make it
a very successful and pleasant
tour.
Tree planters will be glad to
hear that order blanks for seed
lings from Uie state forest nurs
eries arc now available. For
your order blank, contact your
Mate forestry otfice or County
Extension Office.
In all, eighteen conifers and
five broadlcaf species are avail
able. These are: Conifers . . .
Weslside Douglas Fir, Eastside
Douglas Fir, Sierra Redwood,
Rocky Mountain Juniper, Nor
way Spruce, Port Orford and
Incense Cedar, Chinese Arbor-
vltae, Pondcrosa, Scotch, Lodge-
pole, Shore, Austrian, Knob
cone, Monterey and Sugar
Pines, Grand, White, Noble and
Shasta Firs. Broadleaves . . .
NOVEMBER 26, 1963
Garden
human hands, from tree to can,
pointed out Dr. Carew.
The Michigan State professor
also discussed mechanical peach
thinning. More than 1,000 acres
of peaches were thinned me
chanically this season in Mich
igan, most of them with the
same equipment used for har
vesting cherries.
One obvious advantage of me
chanical thinning is the low
cost. Dr. Carew said hand thin
ning generally costs 75 cents to
$1 per tree, pole thinning 25 to
50 cents a tree, while peach
trees can be mechanically
thinned for less than five cents
per tree. One Michigan grower
saved more than $6,000 by me
chanical thinning, according to
Carew.
Problems encountered include
unevenness of t h i n n i n g. Me
chanical thinning should be fol
lowed up by another hand thin
ning. ' Tree Damage
There is serious tree damage
encountered with mechanical
thinning, Dr. Carew said. He
also said, however, that most
growers who have used this
method would rather bear the
tree damage than go back to
complete hand thinning, because
of cost difference.
Other research in Michigan
stone fruit mechanization de
scribed by Dr. Carew include
efforts to develop equipment for
mechanically shaking and catch
ing apples. There has also been
effort to find some means of
chemically loosening cherries on
the tree, to make harvesting
easier, New clamps, which
won't damage the trees so much,
are also being Investigated.
Dr. carew said that while
there has not been much suc
cess in developing a sweet cher
ry harvester, it is inevitable
that someone will eventually
work out a method of mechan
ically harvesting the sweet cher
ries crop. .
Strawberry Winter Injury
Affected by
CORVALLIS Experience with
winter injury of strawberries as
influenced by 1 space planting
was related during a panel dis
cussion before the small fruits
section of the Oregon Horticul
tural Society Thursday.
Richard C. Holland, superin
tendent of the Washington State
Nursery at Bellingham, reported
on work which the nursery start
ed in 1957 as an evaluation of
space planting over matted row
and double space planting of
strawberries.
Space plantings were made of
Northwest, Pudgot Beauty, Mar
shall and Siletz varieties. Winter
damage to Northwest has been
considerable, while other varie
ties showed only negligible dam
age from freezing, he said. As
high as 68 per cent of the North
west plants were dead at the
end of the first winter season.
In the last five years, produc
tion of Pudgct Beauty and Siletz
matted row plantings averaged
just over five tons per acre. Dur
ing uie same period, the space
planted polts yielded slightly
over ten tons. However, he add
ed, no appreciable advantage in
space planted Marshalls, product-wise,
over the matted row
planting method was found.
With the winter injury prob
lem in mind plus the changing
of equipment used, space plant
ing has not been accepted to any
degree In Northwest Washing
ton, Holland said.
The nursery is now working to
find a possible solution to freeze
Facts
Black Locust, Caragana
Chi-
nese Elm, Russian Olive
Honey Locust (Thornlcss).
and
Tree Orders
Minimum orders are for 50
trees for $1. Thereafter, trees
are sold in multiples of 50 trees
at $12 to $15 per thousand for
conifers and $10 to $12 for broad-
leaves, Including shipping costs.
Douglas Fir (Westslde), Pondcr
osa and Lodgcpole Pine, and
Noble Fir in amounts of 10,000
or more arc $9 to $12 per thou
sand, purchaser paying ship
ping costs. Limits per customer
are generally higher than pre
viously.
Christmas tree buyers and
sellers are becoming quite ac
tive in this area. It you are a
seller or buyer and wish to
make some contacts write: P.O,
Box 71, Medford or call 6t4-
1213 and leave your name and
acmross and telephone num
ber. Also the number and spe
cies of trees wanted to buy or
to be sold.
Thought for the week: The
real key to our future timber
supply lies in the one-out-of-
every ten American families
who own small forests-
Harvest Machines
Now Stop Gap Aid
In Orchards
CORVALLIS - Most of the
equipment being developed now
represents "stop - gap" steps
suitable for present orchards
and is usable until orchards are
redesigned to obtain maximum
efficiency from mechanical aids
to harvesting, according to Rob
ert L. Stebbins, OSU extension
horticulturist.
He spoke during the recent
Oregon Horticultural Society
meeting in Corvallis.
Some day, Stebbins said, pear
and apple orchards will feature
"fruiting walls" with close
plantings within the row; great
er use of growth controlling
stocks, and pruning to maintain
a continuous wall of bearing
surface down the orchard row.
Reviewing the different kinds
of mechanical aids, Stebbins
noted that most of them are
oriented toward one man. In
cluded in these are the Edwards
Dyna-Soar, the Trump Girette,
both of which lift the picker into
the tree above a three-wheeled
base and guides the fruit down
the boom to a loader which
places it in a bin.
The Baerg Tree Farmer is
very flexible and allows for
many different picking positions.
The Wish Basket is designed to
fit over the grower's tractor.
Stebbins also briefly reviewed
mechanical aids which are be
ing developed at the University
of California including a lift
which features a "swing seat"
for the picker.
Multi-man Platforms
Two grower-made machines
were designed for use by more
than one picker at a time and
both feature multi-man plat
forms, the specialist said.
The first was developed by
C. King Benton Jr., Hood River.
Mounted on a trailer, pickers
standing on planks extended
from the platform can harvest
four trees at once. The platform
is lifted on hydraulic rams to
a height of 15 feet.
The second was designed by
Earl Fife, Visalia, Calif., which
can handle six pickers at once
working on two trees at a time.
The pickers stand on catwalkers
which move out from the base
of the platform.
Plant Space
damage in the Northwest varie
ty, for the past three years,
plants have been covered with
two or three inches of soil in
late November or early Decem
ber. This was removed in early
iwarcn.
' However, he said, "no partic
ular conclusions have been made
as only one winter was severe
enough to get any amount of
winter damage."
A grower's experience with
Northwest double row planting
was recounted by Roger Mad
sen, Hillsboro, who planted ap
proximately 14,500 plants per
acre with 12-inch spacing be
tween double rows, 18 inches be
tween plants In each row and 48
inches from center of row to
center of next row.
One Year's Diimagc
The 1962-63 winter was the
only year damage was experi
enced to any noticeable degree,
he reported. The three year old
field had considerable winter
damage in weaker portions on
more exposed areas. Only scat
tered plants in healthy areas
with good foliage had winter kill.
Only isolated plants in the two
year old field showed damage,
Madsen reported.
Disadvantages in picking were
found to be tangled vines with
overlapping of berries and the
fact that berries were more eas
ily missed. It was also more
difficult and expensive to con
trol runners. 11 not controlled, a
real problem results in a wide
heavy matted row, he stressed.
He also found it more expen
sive to control weeds, especially
if they cannot be controlled
chemically and also found plants
and fertilizer more expensive.
However, on the plus side,
Madsvn reported higher produc
tion per acre, a higher potcntlnl
of production on limited acreage
and a significant plant popula
tion In a poor stand.
Also describing his experi
ences as a grower was Harvey
Toftc, Canby.
North Korea Charges
Live Targets Used
TOKYO (UP1) - The Com
munist Central News Agency of
North Korea charged in a broad
cast todnv that nine South Ko
reans killed last Thursday were
used as live targets by U. .
Army troops during rockot prac
tice. U. S. Army sources announced
the nine were killed while scav
enging scrap metal from a firing
range when a non-nuclear U. S.
Army Honest John rocket ex
ploded among them.
FIKt.l) LOSSES
More than 75 per cent of field
losses of hay is through loss of
nutritious leaves. To prevent
leaf loss, hay should be raked
while still tough enough to pre
vent leaf shattering.
Chit
By JCE
Mail Tribune
As you will notice in the various stories elsewhere on this
page, the Oregon Horticultural Society talks seem to be con
tinuing the trend of the last two or three years: ever growing
concern with the dwindling picker supply., greater studv of
mechanization to get around that
outer struggle to keep Mexican
supply.
Growers are increasingly concerned, too, over European Com
mon Market developments as they affect exports of U. S. fruit.
The increasing worry over taxation this year resulted in a resolu
tion favoring a sales tax to ease the property tax burden.
Speeches and panel discussions, as usual, bore on fruit tree
diseases, higher and more uniform quality fruits.
The small fruits (strawberries, raspberries and blackberries)
section also focused on labor problems, developments in me
chanical harvesting and better
oi new varieties, as usual, marketing trends were thoroughly
discussed in both sections.
Malcolm B. Douglas, manager of the California Strawberry
Advisory Board, told what his growers are doing to meet the
labor supply problem. John Cavalero, Everett, Wash., indicated
how some growers are whipping the situation. If labor won't come
to them, they are going to the biggest supply of cheap labor
Mexico. Small fruit and vegetable areas are increasing exten
sively and rapidly in Mexico, he noted after a tour of such
regions. There was some talk around Medford fruit circles not
long ago that some local growers had pooled an investment in
Mexican acreage, but we haven't heard any facts to back it up.
One speaker emphasized that
executives to represent the industry, to interest legislatures in
its problems and participate in
he indicated, is the only way our
the Increasing competition for
ments in the European common Market countries, and particu
larly in France underscores this need.
Incidentally, the Common Market threat is brought home
when you learn recently, as we did, that Hood River couldn't
get 10 carloads of quality pears
country wanted only the very
substantial loss of income to those growers.
The Medford pear district has been fortunate in always
having a few men .of the executive caliber mentioned above.
Although still aggressively active for the pear industry here,
these key men are getting on in years. Who will take their places?
We haven't heard of anybody.
In fact, the fruit industry may soon be like an army which
had to lose to retirement both its key top sergeants such as the
veteran orchard foremen and its generals such as veteran
shippers.
For the first time any local
is acceptance by more and more industry veterans that there
may not be a single pear tree standing in the Rogue valley in
10 years. Continued skilled leadership is the only thing that will
at least slow down the trend to subdivisions.
The preliminary results of
scared industry people who attended the Hort Society meeting
last week in Corvallis. Growers in the Rogue Valley have planted
manv more pears trees than the
Unless more side markets are
will have a depressing effect on
into production.
Some kind of tie-in with a large processing plant still is not
put of the picture for this valley. It will come. We still favor
as an intermediate step some sort of farmer's market, but more
on that later. ,
There have been some beautiful editorials written in the last
four days on the death of President John Fitzgerald Kennedy.
We cannot hope to match these words. So, we will only say that
his death has deeply affected both the great and humble. His
persistent efforts toward integration will rank with the efforts
of The Great Emancipator, Abraham Lincoln. His words, "Ask
not what your country can do
can do for the country," will be
and many generations to come.
Apple Shapes Study
Under Way at OSU
CORVALLIS Factors which i along either a polar or equator-
influence the shape of apples
are under investigation at Ore
gon State University as re
searchers attempt to find out
what causes some apples to be
flatter or more "pumpkin
shaped" than others.
Dr. M. N. Westwood, horticul
turist with the OSU Agricultural
Experiment Station, is conduct
ing the study. Shape docs not
influence apple quality, but con
sumers have shown a prefer
ence for elongated fruit.
Dr. Westwood is experiment
ing with various actors which
influence the length - diameter
ratio of Delicious apples in an
attempt to find at what point,
if any. action can be taken to
alter the final shape of the
fruit. The greater the ratio, the
longer the apple.
In general, where climate is
constant, truit length parallels
mat of tree growth, Dr. West
wood has found, as the same
growth mechanisms work in
both stems and fruit. When tree
shoots are short, apples tend
to be shorter than those on
long shoots. This results in dif
ferences in shape among apples
on the same tree.
For Instance, the tree shoot
springing from a terminal bud
Is longer than one from a lat-
ine nun. the apple coming
from the "king" or center flow
er in a blossom cluster is longer
than one coming from a flower
on the side of the cluster.
Other Farotrs
Rut other factors besides po-
smon are at worn in nciermmg
the Ilnnl snapc oi uie apple,!
Dr. Westwood points out.!
Growth hormones and climate !
me iu M-j u .-,( nini nc
is examining
The final shape of the apple
aepenns id h imgc ocgree on
tne way us cons enlarge, ur.
Westwood has found that cell
numbers in the apple arc more
or less fixed four weeks after
full bloom. Final shape is de
termined not by the addition of
cells, but whether cells enlarge
MEDFORD MAIL TRIBUNE, MEDFORD,
Chat
COWLEY
Farm Editor
problem, and perhaps a last
Nationals for a steady labor
duality fruit throueh develoDment
U. S. horticulture needs skilled
international conferences. This,
horticulture will keep up with
world markets. Recent develop
into West Germany because that
top quality pears. This means a
observers can remember there
Oregon's recent fruit tree census
industry was actually aware of.
found for pears, these new trees
the market when they come
for you, but ask only what you
remembered by these generations
lal axis.
Now he is trying to find just
what it is that causes cells to
enlarge the way they do and
how it is that auxin, a chemical
mediator in cell growth, and
other hormones cause cells to
enlarge in one direction or the
other.
Climatic Effects
The effects of climate on ap
ples have long been known. Ap
les grown in hot climates tend
to be flatter than those from
cooler areas, the researcher
said, but what is not known is
whether climate is an import
ant factor in shaping fruit dur
ing the entire growing season
or just during a small part of
it.
Dr. Westwood is studying this
aspect by checking Starking De
licious apples grown in Corval
lis, on the floor of the Rogue
River Valley and at a higher
elevation near Ashland. He
found this year that Corvallis
apples have a greater length
diameter ratio than those from
the other two areas.
Fruit thinning, already a gen
eral orchard practice, provides
a mechanical means of chang
ing fruit shape, but the qucs -
tion remains just when is the
best time to thin to produce
King" and side blossoms pro
duced large, relatively long
fruit following heavy thinning
curing tun oioom. rests this
year are aimed at finding the
dcsi time to thin to cttcct shape
i nis year, some trees were
thinned during full bloom, while
others were thinned 30, 60 and
90 days after full bloom. The
tests mav show if thinning can
influence apple shape as long as
; m nays atlcr tun bloom, he said
Previous belief has held that
j shape was determined within
three weeks after full bloom,
SHARPEN KNIVES
By keeping forage harvester
knives sharp, farmers can get
cleaner cut silage and more
crop in the silo.
OREGON
ii y LI f f : ft t f fin
& " p i 1 '
f , ' : 'j jty J
HORTICULTURAL LEADERS New officers
of the Oregon Horticultural Society were
elected for the coming year at the society's
78th annual meeting at Oregon State Uni
versity Nov. 20-22. In the rear row, from
left: Dunbar Carpenter, Medford, third vice
president; R. M. Ohling, Eugene, treasurer;
R. L. Stebbins, OSU extension horticulturist,
Medford Men New Officers;
Hort- Society Event Briefed
CORVALLIS - Paul Culbert
son, Medford, was named Hor
ticultural Socieiy president at
the annual meeting in Corvallis
last week.
Cornelius Bateson, Salem,
was made first vice president;
Don Marsh, Hood River, second
vice president; Dunbar Carpen
ter, Medford, third vice presi
dent. Don Root, Medford, was
named trustee.
Prof. Ernest H. Wiegand,
Corvallis, founder and former
head of the Oregon State Uni
versity department of food sci
named the 1963 recipient of the
Hartman cup, presented an
nually for outstanding service
to the horticultural industry.
The society went on record
favoring a public vote on a
"moderate realistic" sales tax
to reduce the property tax bur
den, particularly on agricultural
land. A second resolution asked
that the "no residue" registra
tion be clearly defined in terms
Garden Tips
By JOHN McLOUGHLIN
County Agent
Now that gardening activities
are slowing down you have the
time to inspect the shade trees
on your property.
Shade trees are a major at
traction to most property and
should not be neglected. Some
trees, if neglected, can become,
or are, so defective that they
are a definite hazard to life and
property.
A check list of possible de
fects in trees and of conditions
that may adversely affect their
health in the future should in
clude the following: Large dead
branches, cavities in the trunk
or major limbs, split branch
crotches, decaying branch stubs,
broken and hanging branches,
decay of heartwood at the base
of the trunk, wounds on the
trunk or large limbs and narrow
V-shaped branch crotches.
Also remember, trench
ing near trees for the installa
tion of underground utility lines
or soil drainage can adversely
affect the health of the tree.
Many of these defects are
readily seen. One commonly
seen defect that is the result of
improper pruning is stubbing.
Stubbing is seen in the upper
part of the tree where there are
long dead branch stubs. From
such stubs wood decay organ
isms can easily become estab
lished in the tree.
Heartwood Decay
A defect that is difficult to de
tect is the decay of heartwood in
the central portion of the trunk
at the ground line. When this
condition exists, the entire
weight of the tree is supported
by a dangerously thin shell of
living wood tissue. Often there
are external signs of this condi
tion. Often it can be determined
only by taking trunk borings.
The leveling of property al
most always results with more
soil around some trees on that
property. This filling around
trees often escapes notice by
prospective home buyers, espe
cially if a lawn is established
over the tilled area.
The amount of soil that can
be placed on the ground a tree
is growing on without adversely
affecting the tree depends on
the tvpe ot soil, type ol tree
previous and past cultural con
ditions plus other intangible fac
tors. Anyway, whenever the
depth of soil is changed around
a tree the chances ot adversely
affecting the tree are great.
Do you like trees on your
property? If you do, take care
of the trees vou have and plant
new ones with characteristics
that fulfill your desires.
NEED MORE WATER
Cows need more water per
unit of body weight than other
farm animals. A cow producing
80 pounds of mild a day may
drink as much as 300 pounds of i
water. I
of the method of residue analy
sis at the time registration is
granted.
This year's voluntary fruit
tree census reveals Jackson
county has 433,930 Bartlett pear
trees compared to the 1959 agri
cultural census total of 305,172,
for an increase of 128,758 trees.
Winter pear trees totaled 491,
345 compared to the census
count of 387,645, or an increase
of 103,700 trees.
Commodities with only minor
influence will bear the brunt of
anv agricultural tariff cuts
under the administration's trade
expansion program, according
to Dr. G. Burton Wood, head ot
the OSU agricultural economics
department. Many Pacific
Northwest crops fit into this
category.
If the importation of Mexi
can Nationalist as supplemen
tal farm workers under provi
sions of Public Law 78 is end
ed, the losses to industries al
lied to strawberry production
alone could amount to more
than $30 mililon, according to
Malcolm B. Douglas, manager
of the California Strawberry Ad
visory Board at Santa Clara.
Dr. John Carew, chairman of
the department of horticulture,
Michigan State university,
stressed that "advances in the
production and marketing of
fruits and vegetables in coun
tries outside our own are oc
curing with blinding speed. We
shall not be able to ignore
them. We owe it to ourselves to
anticipate them."
"The housewife doesn't want
to buy just food. She wants and
demands maid service, too and
this must come out of her food
dollars and the processor must
provide this service," said Roy
Moser, OSU food technologist.
Most of the fruit harvesting
equipment being developed now
is usable until orchards are re
designed to obtain maximum ef
ficiency from mechanical aids
to harvesting, according to Rob
ert L. Stebbins, OSU extension
horticulturist.
Mechanical Harvesting
Michigan sour cherry grow
ers are finding economies and
convenience of mechanical har
vesting methods outweigh their
disadvantages, said Dr. John
Carew, head horticulturist, Mi
chian State University.
Increasing the number of
spray applications can reduce
mildew intection and increase
yields, reported Dr. Norman
Dobie, OSU plant pathologist.
With the winter injury prob
lem in mind plus the changing
of equipment used, space plant
ing has not been accepted to
any degree by Northwest Wash
ington strawberry growers, ac
cording to Richard C. Holland,
Washington State Nursery su
perintendent, Bellingham,
Wash.
Third party grading is an as
surance that an impartial in
spector will be establishing
grade, according to M. D. Mur
phy, Salem, federal supervisor.
The value of the virus-free
program for tree fruits initiated
by OSU in 1944 is recognized to
day by both nurseryman and or
chardist and is contributing to
the success of each, said Dr.
J. A. Milbrath, OSU plant
pathologist.
The only reason for orchard
intercropping is added Income
during Uie early life of the
orchard. Management deter
mines the success or failure of
an intercropping program, ac
cording to D. L. Rasmussen,
Marion county extension agent
and panel moderator.
STOCKMEN
FEED PELLETS
Your coarse or unpalatable
roughage will nuke a base
for a modern balanced ration
that you can feed with little
labor and no wastage. The
increased meat or milk pro
duced will give you maxi
mum returns on a small cash
investment.
MORTON
MIUING CO.
500 Rom lane, Medford
secretary. Seated, from left: William Vollmer
Jr., Parkdale, immediate past president and
new society trustee; Paul Culbertson, Med
ford, president, and Don Marsh, Hood River,
second vice president. Not shown is Cornelius
Bateson, Salem, new first vice president,
and Don Root, Medford, new society trustee.
Tissue analysis is becoming
one of the most important tools
used by fruit growers and sci
entists to solve the increasing
plant nutrition problems in west
coast orchards, said D. C. Al
derman, University of Califor
nia extension pomologist.
Although it is possible to con
trol some phases of the bac
terial canker disease, the can
ker phase still hasn't been satis
factorily controlled after 50
years' research, said Dr. H.
Ronald Cameron, OSU plant
pathologist.
A simple inexpensive way to
increase root development on
strawberry plants is by dipping
them in a solution of Indolebu
tyric acid and Kinetin before
planting, said Dr. Ralph Gar
ren, OSU horticulturist, in
speaking on strawberry and
caneberry variety improvement
work.
Definite red stele resistance
in greenhouse tests has been
found in nine or 10 selections of
strawberries in recent years,
but, with one possible excep
tion, none will be acceptable
commercially, noted George
Waldo, USDA horticulturist at
OSU.
Blackberry yields in 1961 and
1962 showed a strong advan
tage for training immediately
after harvest in comparison to
training in February, the nor
mal practice, according to Dr.
R. M. Bullock, horticulturist
and superintendent of OSU's
North Willamette Experiment
Station at Aurora.
calves on the
MONEY in
It costs a lot of money to keep a cow. A lot of that
money is lost if she fails to settle or drops small, weak
calves that die or develop into"tail-enders."
BIG CROPS of husky calves are a must, if a fellow is
going to make money ranching. This is especially true
when the price of cattle is off.
Your range needs help. It takes more than grass alone to
give your cows what they need to grow and drop the
kind of calves that will bring top prices next fall.
PURINA RANGE CHECKERS have proved their worth in
research tests and on thousands of ranches. This favorite
range supplement has what it takes. Cattle love Checkers,
do well on them. Cows stay up in good shape at calving .
time, have lots of milk for the calves, too.
Feed for big calf crops the Purina Way. Purina Range
Checkers can help you keep
your operation on the profit
side of the ledger.
COME IN. We'll visit about
Purina Range Checkers and
profitable ranch management.
Make it soon!
Your Sfor with (he Checker-
board' Sign
All Wool Sales
Must Wind tip
By Year's End
All details of marketlns either-
wool or lambs will have In ha
completed not later than Dec. 31
to receive payments lor the 1963
marketing year, Albert Straus,
Chairman, Agricultural Stabili
zation and Conservation Com
mittee, pointed out today.
- Marketings comnleted after
Dec. 31, 1963, will be eligible for
payments tor the 1964 market
ing year.
As announced hv the IT s
Department of Agrciulture in
uctooer, iwz, tne iw market
ing year under the wool pay
ment Droeram has been shnri.
ened to the nine month period
trom April l tnrougn Dec. 31,
1963, to shift the wool marketing
year to a calendar-year basis.
Therefore, if anv Dart of a
sale of Iambs or wool is not
settled by Dec. 31, the sale will
not be considered as one taking
Dlace in the 19H3 mnrketintf
year. This means that all the
iniormauon neeaea to complete
the sales documents and show
the net sales proceeds for wool
has to be determined and avail
able by Dec. 31 to be eligible
for wool program payments for
the current (1963) marketing
year. Under program regula
tions, wool is not marketed until
title has passed to the buyer,
the wool has been delivered to
the buyer either physically or
through documents which trans
fer control to the buyer, and all
the information (price per
pound, weight, yieid, etc.) need
ed to determine the buyer's
total purchase price is available.
Payments Scheduled
Payments for the 1963 market
ing year will likely begin in
April of next year, after the
program payment rates are de
termined, based on the average
prices received by producers for
shorn wool sold in the nine
month period from April through
December, 1963. Payments for
the 1964 marketing year on mar
ketings taking place or com
pleted after Dec. 31, 1963, will
be made in the spring of 1965.
Wool producers may file ap
plications for payment for the
1963 marketing year with ASCS
county offices up until Jan. 31,
1964.
Americans To Bring
Korean Orphans Home
SEOUL, Korea (UPI) - Fifty
four American couples will
leave here Friday for the United
States with 83 adopted Korean
children.
The couples arrived at Seoul
Monday.
The mass adoption was ar
ranged by Harry Holt of Cres
well, who operates an orphan
age in Seoul.
ground are like
the BANK
fl RIGHT
ID RIGHT
vio right
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