MEDFORD MAIL TRIBUNE. MEDFORD, OREGON
TUESDAY. NOVEMBER 26, 1963
Two More Sessions of
Ecumenical Council
EDITOR'S NOTE: The sec
ond dispatch In a three-part
review of the Ecumenical
Council follows. Written by
UPI's reliKion writer who has
covered the second session
since its s t a r t, ' the d 1 s
patch deals with the outlook
for further ecumenical ses
sions.' .-
Said To Be Possibili
By LOUIS CASSELS
United Press International
VATICAN CITY (UPI) -There
probably will be two
more sessions of. the Ecumeni
cal Council one in the fall of
1964, and another in the fall of
1965. ,
That forecast comes from
one of the four moderators
named by Pope Paul VI to pre
side over the council. It evi
dently reflects the Pope's own
thinking.
The council held its first nine
week session in the fall of 1962
at the call of the late Pope
John XXIII. It reconvened at
the call of Pope. Paul on Sept.
29 of this, year, and is sched
uled to recess Dec. 4, permit-
Small Worlds
Around Us
? By LYNN M. WATKINS
tfir and Tribunal
Simdkata mj)
' P. T. Barnum Was
More Than Right
The under -crust hardness of
frozen earth prevented the melt
ing show water from penetrat
ing the ground, so it ran away,
seeping into the litter of the
river border, spilling out onto
the porous river ice, already
rotted by the brightening sun.
For a few days the melted snow
water timidly trickled into the
stream, then, with the warm
ing days, it became a little
flood as a head of . water built
up on the higher level. The sur
face, Ice, rotted, rivulets of wa
ter cut meandering paths in the
already soft surface.
The break-up proceeded, and
every living thing responded,
each in its own way. . At the
bottom of the lakes and ponds,
the family of fish known col
lectively as "suckers," made
ready to invade the streams;
they would venture forth as soon
as the ice went out. It was time
for the spawning, and up in the
rivers and streams was the pre
ferred place. ,
Ail React
The suckers, the red horse,
common, the white-nose, and
the stone roller, all hear the
gushing waters of spring, or
react to the biological urge of
their kind! The impulse that
possesses them becomes irresist
ible, they begin moving. Even
. -.nong humans,, the call be
comes demanding. "The suckers
are running" becomes the sig
nal. One man whispers to an
other. "The ice is breaking up;
tlie suckers should be in the
river) pretty soon."
Armed with spears, nets,
boats and torches, the folks who
like suckers move to the river
banks and prepare for the
harvest. It is the one time of
the year that' some species of
suckers are fit for human food.
The cold of the river water and
the months at the bottom of a
frozen pond have firmed the
flesh, of the fish and imparted
a little sweetness to the flesh.
All admit there are too many
bones, but that becomes a minor
point, when the "suckers are
running." .
The spearing, the netting,
even the battering at times with
a club, goes on, sometimes dur
ing entire nights when, lighted
by the flickering light of a smok-
Riderless Horse
Tradition Dates
WASHINGTON (UPI) - The
dark, riderless horse in the Ken
nedy funeral procession Monday
represented a tradition dating
back to the days of Genghis
Khan.
the Mongols and Tartars sac
rificed a horse at the burial of
a warrior, in the belief that the
animal's spirit accompanied its
master's to heaven. The sacri
ficial practice later went into
disrepute, giving way to the cus
tom of having a riderless horse
accompany the funeral of a
fallen soldier.
When Abraham Lincoln's body
was carried from the White
House to the Capitol Rotunda,
the caisson was followed by the
President's own horse with
Lincoln's riding boots in the
stirrups.
A Negro trooper also led a
riderless horse behind Franklin
Roosevelt's casket. The horse
bore a hood, it was sheathed in
black and the stirrups inverted
with a sword placed through
them. Although FDR never
rode, the horse as it did Mon
daysymbolized the passing of
the armed services ujmman
der in Chief.
The frisky animal that fol
lowed the caisson bearing Presi
dent Kenendy's body during
processions Sunday and Monday
is owned by the Army and is
used exclusively for such solemn
occasions.
The horse is named "Black
Jack." It is about 11 years old
and is used frequently for mill
tarv funerals at Arlington Na
tional Cemetery most of them
(or former cavalry officers or
high-ranking officers.
Pfc. Arthur Carlson of Ala-
Kama led Black Jack during
the procession Sunday from the
White House to the Capitol, and
again Monday for the funeral
ing torch, men and boys gather
into their boat, or landing on a
spot on the stream bank,,- a
string of suckers.
Red Horse
In the northern section of the
U. S., when spring comes and
the ice goes out, the red horse
begin their spawning. Oft times
the streams run almost solid
with the, fish. Like nearly all
the suckers, the red horse isn't
a pretty fish. It has thick lips,
and a pouting mouth that points
downward.; It browses along the
bottom and often consumes
great numbers of the eggs laid
by other and often more desira
ble fish.
As tough as the - red horse
sucker is supposed to be, it is
however a fish that will only
live in unpolluted water; even
a muddy stream discourages its
presence. Unlike the carp that
it resembles, both in appearance
and nabtts, it will survive only
in relatively- clean waters.
There are many other varie
ties of suckers; they are all
American species.' The common
sucker of the eastern U. S. has
flesh that-is reasonably firm in
the early spring. This one has
a protruding mouth, with thick
lips, and looks as bad as any of
its relatives. The so-called stone
roller sucker - rolls stones over
the river bottom and eats the
aquatic larva it finds there. "
Most- people' think of P. T.
Barnum, whenever suckers are
mentioned.- Once he said,
"There's one born every min
ute." When applied to real
suckers, the fish whose feeding
habits and method of food in
take suggests the name "suck
er" -in the first place'it is an
understatement: '
ting the 2,000 bishops to scatter
to their dioceses in ail parts of
the world in time for the Chris
mas season.
Pope Paul has announced
that there will be a third ses
sion in 1964, but has not offi
cially set the date. The unoffi
cial word from Vatican inform
ants is that it will convene Sept.
6 and run until mid-November,
when many of the bishops will
gu U1 inula lur a cucnaiiauu
Congress. .
. Agenda Is Long
The agenda of unfinished
business awaiting council ac
tion is so long that there is no
ield Adds
To Proclamation
SALEM (UPI) Gov. Mark
Hatfield, who attended President
John F. Kennedy's funeral in
Washington, D. C. Monday, to
day issued this postscript to his
earlier Thanksgiving proclama
tion: '
"May we be thankful for the
provisions of our founding fa
thers wherein the reins of gov
ernment pass from leader to
leader in death without revolu
tion or disruption. ,
"May we be grateful the late
President chose well his vice
president and made of him a
confidant so that he might as
sume duties in tranquil but ef
fective transition."
real prospect of cleaning it up
next fall. Thus a fourth session
in 1965 seems inevitable.
If the council tried to act on
all of the matters which have
been proposed for its consid-
'Taps' First Played
During Mexican War
WASHINGTON (UPI) The
"taps" that' sounded over the
grave of; John Fitzgerald Ken
nedy Monday were first played
during the Mexican war of
1846-47.
The custom, accordine to
source books, originated in the
American Army, although its
derivation and the very word
"taps" are believed to be de
rived from the closing of tap
rooms or public houses for the
night. .
Historians have traced the or
igin to an old signal known as
"taptoo" or "taps-to" which was
used, to announce the closing
curfew. The bugle call now
known as "taps'.' was sounded
over the graves of dead soldiers
in a few American regiments
during the war with Mexico.
The practice grew widespread
in the Civil War, spreading first
through the Army of the Poto
mac and later through the entire
Union Army.
No research ever has disclos
ed the composer of the tune.
Nor are there any official words.
eration, it would have to go on
meeting annually for many
years. But Pope Paul has let
it be known that he doesn't
want "another" Trent." This
was a reference to the 16th
century Council of Trent which
met for 17 years.
A marathon council like Trent
is out of the question, Vatican
officials said, because the
church cannot afford indefinite
ly the heavy financial drain of
bringing more than. 2,000 bish
ops to Rome from every corner
of the world once a year.
The plan to wind up the coun
cil by 1965 also reflects a con
viction that the fathers already
have come to grips with the
most vital issues confronting
them.
Debate At Length
During their curent session,
they debated at length two doc
uments which could lead 'to a
far-reaching decentralization of
power in the Catholic Church.
The first affirms the theological
doctrine that bishops have a di
vine right to share with the
Pope in the government of the
church. The second gives prac
tical expression to that doc-
Dennis the Menace
tkN07-M SAME 1HIN6! THS ISNTA WUTHI$ISA UMl
Restrictive Action
Sought Following
Assassinations
WASHINGTON (CO) Pub-'
lie anger at Presidential assas
sinations in the past often found
expression in demands for re
strictive action -by Congress.
At least two. successful assas
sinationsPresidents James A.
Garfield's and William McKin
ley's gave impetus to new
statutes. ' ..
Attempts on the lives of Pres
idents Franklin Delano Roose
velt and Harry S. Truman
brought demands for changes
in the internal security laws.
'Garfield was shot on July 2,
1881. at the railway depot in
Washington by Charles J. Glut
eal!,, a disappointed office-seeker
who wanted a foreign ap
pointment., ;
His death has been credited
with giving a major push to
civil service legislation to end
the spoils systems under which
Government job appointments
were left to the whim of the
party in power. In 1883, Con
gress passed the Pendleton Act,
which remains the basic civil
service act.
Competitive Examinations
The Act provided competitive
examinations, - established a
Civil Service Commission and
made other reforms to end the
spoils system that had become
rampant in governments alter
the Civil War.
McKinley's assassination by
a professed anarchist on Sept.
6. 1901. in Buffalo. N. Y., as
sisted the eventual adoption of
the statute which bars anarch
ists from the United States. He
was shot by Leon Czolgosz, a
factory worker.
Theodore Roosevelt, McKin
lev's successor, said in his first
annual message: "We should
aim to exclude absolutely . . .
all persons who are known to
be believers in anarchistic prin
ciples or members of anarchis
tic societies."
. Roosevelt himself was the vic
tim of an assassination attempt
in Milwaukee, Wis., in 1912,
during a Presidential campaign.
He was shot and" wounded by
a saloon keeper, but no new legislation-
resulted. The assassin,
John N. Schrank, opposed a
third term for Roosevelt.
Schrank, like the man who kil
led Garfield, was declared to
be insane.
An attempt was made on the
life of Franklin Delano Roose
velt in 1933 at Miami, Fla., by
Guiseppe Zangara, a bricklayer.
The shots, however, killed Chi
cago Mayor - elect Anton J. Cer-mak,-
who was with the Presi
dent,' and wounded .five other
persons.
Zangara's assassination at
tempt brought demands for anti
Communist - measures. Zangara
said he was not a Communist,
but before his electrocution he
said he was against "all capi
talists." . ' -
The attempt on' the life of
President Truman, in' 1950 by
two Puerto .Rican nationalists
who tried to shoot their way in
to Blair House produced specu
lation that major: tightening of
immigration and subversive ac
tivity laws might result. This
did notv occur, however.
What might have happened
during the period after the Civil
War had Abraham Lincoln not
been assassinated in 1865 has
been a matter of much specula
tion.. There has been no dis
agreement, however, that the
reconstruction period was made
more difficult for the South
than it would have been had
Lincoln lived and been able to
implement his own reconstruc
tion plans.
(Copyright: 1963, 'Congression
al Quarterly Inc. )
trine, enhancing the powers of
bishops to run their own dio
ceses without undue interfer
ference from the Roman Curia.
Although the fathers register
at this session their overwhelm
ing support of the basic princi
ples of these documents, voting
on their detailed provisions was
deferred until next year's ses
sion. :
There seems little doubt that
the liberal bloc, which favors
these documents, will prevail
when the showdown comes. But
the conservatives, who fear
that the changes may jeopar
dize papal supremacy (and the
vast power which the Roman
Curia now exercises in the
name of the Pope) will fight to
the last ditch to sidetrack, wa
ter down or qualify the drive to
ward decentralization.
;' New Battle Looms
Another battle will be fought
at the third session over a doc
ument of interfaith relations. It
has been hailed by liberal bish
ops as "the end of the counter
Reformation" meaning that
it marks a complete reversal of
the 400-year-old Catholic cam
paign against Protestantism, It
speaks kindly of Protestants,
urges Catholics to get to know
them better, and commits the
church to work unceasingly to
remove obstacles to reunion of
the whole Christian family. It
also contains . an unequivocal
declaration in favor of religious
liberty, roundly condemns anti
Semitism, and says Jews are
not alone to blame for the cruc
ifixion of Christ which was a
sin of all mankind. . .
This document also has been
debated at the current session,
but voting will await the 1964
session. '
Although it seems' certain to
command a : large j majority
when the chips are down, there
could be a sharp tussle especi
ally over the section on Jews.
Middle Eastern bishops ; fear
that any kind words about the
Jews will irritate the Arabs and
make life more difficult for
Catholic minorities living in
Arab lands. . , , ; ,
. The only document remaining
on the council .agenda which
compares in long-range impor
tance to those which already
have been taken up) Is the fa
mous "Schema 17" which is be
ing drafted by a special com
mission headed by Leo Cardinal
Suenens qf Belgium, leader of
the liberal wing and close con
fidante of Pope Paul VI. It is
entitled "The Church and the
Modern World,"' and is sup
posed to go into a whole range
of topics from communism
to population control which are
current subjects of controversy.
This document may not come
up until the 1965 session. But
when it does reach the floor, it
is-likely to produce the most
explosive debate and the big
gest news headlines of the
council. - . .. .', .
(Next: The rnl at Pnru, Paul
VI in this council session.)
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