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SUNDAY, NOVEMBER 17. 193
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Mall Trlbuno 10, 20, 30, 40
and 50 yean ago.
Id YEARS AGO
Nov. 17. 1953 (Tuesday)
Russell W. Deforest, 33, asso
ciated with the Medford law
firm of Robert, Kellington and
Branchfield, has been unani
mously named municipal judge.
Ashland Mayor Phil Stansbury
and Councilman Mark Hamaker
announced their resignations.
21) YEARS AGO
Nov. 17, 1943 (Wednesday)
Ed Hanley, 80, pioneer of
Southern Oregon, dies in Seattle
after brief illness.
John Webber, Medford High
School student, speaks before
Medford Lions Club on newly
formed "Teen-Age" Club.
30 YEARS AGO
Nov. 17, 1933 (Friday)
Medford Gleemen schedule
first concert of season; plans
lor event told by Gleeman Pre
mem k. w. frame.
Newly elected Medford Com
munily Chest officers include
Eugene Thorndike. president:
Mrs. Leonard Carpenter, vice
president; and Miss Ruth Meu
sel, secretary.
40 YEARS AGO
Nov. 17, 1923 (Saturday)
Porter J. Neff and Col. W. H,
Paine take leading part In Amer
lean Education week program at
Aieaiora High school.
Charles A. King named Scout
master for local Boy Scout troop
as pians announced lor forma
tion of seven troops in city.
50 YEARS AGO
Nov. 17, 1913 (Monday)
John McGraw's New York
Giants defeat Chicago White
Sox, 3 to 0, on Medford field in
downpour of rain; Tris Speaker,
Hal Chase and Sam Crawford
get hits for losers.
Judge 0. H. Gillmore elected
president of newly formed Rogue
mver commercial uuo.
What's Your I.Q.?
Nina or ten correct It superior!
savan or tight It ncellent) live or
an It and.
On Offensive Words
Words are funny things. Often, they can take
on an opprobrious and emotional character all
their own.
There was a time when, if you called an Irish
man a "mick," you had a fight on your hands.
Since the Irish have won a secure place in the
American melting pot, however, the nickname is
no longer considered an insult; rather it is an
occasion for a laugh.
The same is tine of "paddy" applied to a
person of Welsh descent. The word "frog," as
applied to a Frenchman, is almost never heard
any more, and when it is, it is used jokingly.
MOT so with other words. "Kike," applied to
a Jew, still is offensive. Perhaps, as prejudices
diminish and enlightenment spreads, the time
will come when it, too, can be used without
stirring resentment.
The word "nitreer" is similarly offensive to
Negroes. It has the same derogatory, patronizing
and demeaning connotations that other appela
tions have had, but gradually have lost.
With the situation as it is today, we do not
foresee the time when it will lose these connota
tions, as far as the Negro is concerned. Sadly,
members of that race nave, by and large, far
to go before general acceptance and respect will
remove the opprobrious meanings implicit in the
word.
COMES now the question of how far we should
go in limiting the use of words which are
offensive, and understandably so, to minority
groups. Should they be eliminated entirely from
1.11 t i- 1.. A- At-- - t- 1
puonc prints, in an eiiurx to spare me sensiDiiues
of those to whom they are applied?
The question arose recently when a wash
ngton state high school teacher who was coach
ing and directing a play refused to change the
word "nigger" to something less offensive.
It was in the play, she maintained, and was
part of it. To change the word would change the
play, and she'd be no party to such editing.
Some of Mark Twain's books, notably "Huck
Finn," have been criticized on similar grounds.
a
XHO is right? Those who take offense at the
" use of such words? Or those who say that
they are, after all, a part of the language, and
that to change or eliminate them would damage
the integrity of a book or playf
Well, this is one of those situations where
both sides of the argument are right. Negroes
are right to resent derogatory names. But those
who defend the language, and the words which
are inarguably a part of it, are right too. '
1 hose who have any respect for the sensibili
ties of others, particularly those of minority races
who are struggling for status and acceptance,
will of course take everv precaution not to offend
needlessly or gratuitously. But let us hope the
day may come when there are no second class
citizens any more, and any reference to one's
race, religion, origin or ancestors may be made.
and received, in good grace. E.A.
Burn Rehabilitation
Within the boundaries of the Rorrue River
National Forest there are more than 50,000 acres
of potentially productive forest land which now
stand idle, grown over to brush which effectively
prevents the growth of new trees.
The Forest Service, within limitations of time
and funds, has under way a project to rehabili
tate these lands, and make them productive.
in the Applegate district alone, some 18,000
acres are in brush. In the Butte Falls district,
the huge Cat Hill burn, where some 12,000 acres
were burned in 1910, still has some 4,100 acres
virtually denuded of trees. It was grown over to
brash which was so thick and dense that it defied
many early attempts at reforestation.
'We Resent Criticism Of Our Leader, And Want
It Known That We Lie Firmly Behind Him"
ST
I FT!.
Matter
of Fact
By Joseph Alsop
() Jftw York Herald Tribune gynittcat
COMMUNICATIONS
mently denied the existance of
a God was fatally shot by a
neighbor. In the five hours it
took him to die, he constantly
Modern Religion
To the Editor: People by the
thousands attend church and
Sunday school on Sunday, but
on Easter and Christmas they
attend by the millions. Through
out the week days Christianity
drops below zero, some finding
it necessary to return eacn loi-
cried out "My God, my God, my
God."
Tomorrow I'll be going north
into the state of Washington. My
trip will take me near the rest-
lowing Sunday to sponge away , - . , , ,oved ones.
the sins of the past week. All ; w?r Cnristian', hope that
burns within my heart, I look
1 .
1. Which Is the Tcrpsichorlan
2. With what country do vou
associate the name of William
E. Gladstone?
3. Mary Queen of Scots was
executed for treason in the be
lief she was a threat to the
throne of whom?
4. Name the two cities that
are referred to in Dickens' nov
el, "The Tale of Two Cities."
S. In what state are the Bad
Lands?
6. What single acquisition of
land almost doubled the area of
the United States?
7. Shenandoah National Park
is in which State?
8. The next full moon after the
Harvest Moon Is called what?
II. In the nursery rhyme, upon
what did Little Miss Muffet sit?
10. The agency which stabil
Izes the supply of bank credit
and money is called what?
Answers: 1. Dancing. 1. Great
Britain. 3. Queen Elisabeth,
London and Paris. 5. South Da
kota, t. Louisiana Purchase.
Virginia. 8. Hunters' Moon. 9.
InlfoL 10. FVrlrral Reserve Svi.
tern. I
CONSIDERABLE progress has been made on
the Cat Hill bum in the last six or seven
years. The Forest Service first tried spraying with
v.n..u:A:jA r j l
iiciuii;iui;, wuu nwie iuck. iney uiea great
crushing devices, which simply bounced over the
neavy growth..
Finally, usinrr hutre crawler tractors, thev
began to make headway. The tractors, equipped
wun Drusn Diacies, literally dragged the brush
irom me ground, and stacked it in long wind
rows, which can be seen in the area ahovs Rntte
r alls, on the long range of mountains stretching
north from Mt. McLoughlin. About 1,485 acres
nave been cleared.
Working on the bared soil, fm-r-sl pi's Viavp
seeded and planted about 761 of these acres, and
tne worn is continuintr. it s honed tn havp. 1.700
acres on the way toward rehabilitation by next
July.
'PHIS is not cheap. Clearing costs have varied
A from $20 per acre un to $60 and more uer
acre on steep and rocky ground. Planting and
seeding cost around $22 to $25 per acre. Aerial
spraying in some areas, to kill old brush and
keep down new brush competing with young
trees, will add to the costs.
The price tag on the more than 4,000 acres
which will ultimately be treated will be nearly
$350,000, or some $90 per acre.
Is it worth it? You bet. The cost of the work
on the 1,700 acres to be competed next year will
be, roughly, $153,000. This land is expected to
grow an average of 65,000 board feet of lumber
per acre. At an estimated $30 per thousand board
feet, this would be valued at some $3,315,000.
And that's a pretty good return on an invest
ment. E.A.
THE NEW KNOW-NOTHINGS
WASHINGTON In the tedi
ous but crucial struggle over the
foreign aid bill, the old tradi
tion of national-minded bi-partisanship
has been saving Presi
dent Kennedy's bacon.
' In the preliminary wrestling
with the bill in the Senate For
eign Relations Committee, the
senior members of the majority
and the minority, Sens. William
Fulbright of Arkansas and
Bourke B. Hickcnloopcr of Iowa,
acted together as partners.
Sen. Hickcnloopcr is not wide
ly known (or his reluctance to
take a good, hard, partisan
whack at the Democrats when
ever he sees a chance to do so.
He thought that the foreign aid
authorization that Sen. Ful
bright wanted the committee to
approve $4.2 billion was a bit
on the high side. But when Ful
bright argued that "we've got to
give them something to cut,
Hickcnloopcr loyally went along.
w
4 GAIN, when the leadership
belatedly discovered the
power of the new surge of know
nothingism in the Senate, a has
ty strategy meeting to discuss
the best blocking tactics was
strictly bi-partisan, and was
even held in the Republican
cloakroom. The Majority and
Minority Leaders, Sens. Mike
Mansfield of Montana and Ev
erett Dirksen of Illinois, joined
with Fulbright and Hickenloop
er in the decision to make a vol
untary preliminary cut of $385
million in the committee total,
in order to forestall worse cuts
by the new know-nothings.
Since then, through the long,
squalid, and still unfinished
struggle on the Senate floor,
Dirksen, Hickenlooper, and a
good many other Republicans
have continued to stand four
square for national-mindcdncss
and bi-partisanship.
Meanwhile, the President's
bill has been under bitter, per
sistent partisan attack by Dem
ocratic Senators, with a group
of "liberal" Democrats, headed
by the ineffable Sen. Wayne
Morse of Oregon leading the at
tackers. Even that famous Re
publican conservative, Sen. Bar
ry Goldwater of Arizona, had
been kinder to the foreign oid
program than the new Demo
cratic know-nothings, for he
has at least been absent for
almost every key vote.
fPHE most dramatic vote,
though not the closest, was
on Morses motion (o gut the
bill for good and all, by recom
mitting it to the Foreign Rela
tions Committee. 1 wcnty-Mghl
other Senators voted with the
Oregon paragon, and 20 of them
were Democrats.
Another Morse amendment, to
cut the Development Loon Fund
by $25 million, carried by a
vote of 42 to 40, and 24 of the
Morse adherents were Demo
crats. Embittered Southerners,
like Richard Russell of Georgia
and Harry F. Byrd of Virginia,
have of course followed Morse,
gladly yielding him the leader
ship on this occasion.
Morses deputy commander
in the attack has been the old
New Dealer from Alaska, Sen.
Ernest Gruening. So-called lib
erals who have joined Morse
are Frank Church of Idaho. Al
bert Gore of Tennessee, the for
mer Secretary of Health, Edu
cation and Welfare in the Ken
nedy cabinet, Abe Ribicoff of
Connecticut, Stuart Symington
of Missouri, and Stephen Young
of Ohio, plus Henry Jackson of
Washington and William Fro
mire of Wisconsin on tne tuno
cut.
Besides trying to gut the for
eign aid bill in every other way,
the new know-nothings have put
forward an astonishing number
of back-seat driving amend
ments. "Some people," Sen.
Hickenlooper has said grimly,
"want to turn the U. S. Senate
into another Committee on the
Conduct of the War, which help
ed the South more than Robert
E. Lee."
THE result, beyond much
doubt, would be a half-crippled
foreign aid program. The
Alliance for Progress, for in
stance, will be lucky to get $525
million apparently because
Sen. Morse and his friends are
reluctant to allow the United
States to spend as much on the
prevention of communism in
Latin America as the Commun
ist bloc is now spending for the
sole purpose of propping up Fi
del Castro in Cuba.
If the effort in Vict Nam is
not weakened, all other military
aid programs win nave 10 ue
cut drastically. Thus old and
triA aiiipc which cannot other
wise afford their present levels
of defense, like Turkey, Greece,
Nationalist China, and South
Korea, will be hit where it hurts
mnsl nnoarentlv because Bens.
Symington and Ribicoff think it
is a bad bargin to add this
strength to our side at one-tenth
the cost of an equal number of
American troops,
pinnllv devcloDirtont loans
which offer the best hope of tu
rn nrnamss and are also to be
repaid in the end, will be cut
to the point of grave damage to
American foreign policy. In
short, the national interest is
under heavy attack. It would be
more comprehensible If the at
tack had a partisan motive; but
peevishness, alas, is the only
mulive now identifiable.
of them are fine Christians in
church. As the preacher is
preaching, the congregation is
yawning, and stretching their
necks to see if anyone has ar
rived who has a better story
to tell than the minister. Should
the town gossip arrive, seats
squeek, feet shuffle, eyes bright
en as each becomes fully awake
but not more attentive to the
sermon.
Religions are born and reli
gions die, but the religions most
prosperous are founded on the
fear of many by the cleverness
of a few. More than a few
find religion is an unwanted
burden, and one they don't care
to carry around, just to keep
up with Jesus.
Our ancestors were wiser men
than any of the generation's to
day. The world frequently take
God's advice rather than the
social society of man's own
making. Even the women of
today have changed for there
aren't a handfull who would
would rather lose her virture
than her reputation.
Life has no other discipline
to offer but man eat dog. All
are suspicious, evil, unfriendly,
and it is the source of joy to
many. Lost contact wun droin
crly love, charity, good will
has turned to distorted facts,
defeat, unbelief, envy, back
biters, and hate. No one can
shut his eyes to the fact, nor
deny, that this defeat exists to
day everywhere and is not
faced with an open mind. This
is modem religion.
E. Dykes,
2412 Spring St.,
Medford
He Alone
To the Editor: This true expe
rience took place several years
ago in Canada. The facts re
lated were told me first hand
by one who was there.
An avowed infidel wno vene-
ahead and long for the reunion
day with loved ones long parted
by death.
Lydia B u r n h a m, you say
"there is no attraction without
something to attract." The man
Christ Jesus whom you deny
has by His love attracted tlio
hearts of millions. Yes, that at
tracting love even is in my
heart and I hold no III feelings
toward you. I say God pity you.
No, Lydia, I perhaps haven't
read and studied the Bible as
much as I should. Your lollor
in the Nov. 10 Tribune Instead
of deterring me will cause me
to dig deeper.
Yes. it is a "waste of time"
to try and tear away my confi
dence in an all wise and loving
God. Whether you believe it or
not, my friend, if you aro not
serving God you are serving Sa
tan, whose existence you aiso
deny.
God is made sad when human
beings he created deny His ex
istence but Satan exalts over
those who deny his existence
Lydia, let me sny that wo nre
praying for you. I've never met
you personally but let me sny
this: If we never meet here on
earth let's meet on Eternity's
shore. God still loves you. His
Son died to save you.
If you could have witnessed
the scene I did not long ago it
might have made you think. A
friend who tells me he has can
cer brought his mother's old
Bible out and placed it before
me. "I've been busy making a
fortune and don't know anything
about that book," he said. In
my feeble way I pointed that
man to Jesus, the lamb of God,
who is able to save to the ut
termost. And to everyone I say,
look to Jesus Christ. He alone
can save eternally.
Henry Johnson Jr.
2315 Highway 66
Ashland, Ore.
GREAT IDEAS...
ill
Lent-i t JLjuM
From the Great Books
By Mortimer J. Adler
1863, Vubliihers Newspaper Syadlcati
THE ECUMENICAL
MOVEMENT
Dear Dr. Adler: Although
Pope John XXIII died only a
short time ago. hit great feel
ing for people and hl tremen
dous vision of "unity" Is felt
nnlvornlly. A world-wide ef
fort towards greater under
standing and tolerance be
tween prnplrs. churches, na
tions, already seems to have
brgun. Perhaps the threat of
world nurlrar destruction has
untie us all more receptive to
I'npr John's enlightened mes
sage. What Is the background
of the movement toward unity
among the Christian church
es? Is It uniquely present
day response to the world
wide threat to humanity, or
has It existed in previous
eras?
Louis A. Boucher
254 Lake Ave.
Worcester 4, Mass.
In the Day's News
By FRANK JENKINS
The house of representatives!
of the Oregon legislature (now
assembled in special session)
voted approval Thursday of a
bill that would put $12 million
into the state s general fund in
this biennium, (a biennium is
two lears) by requiring some
employers to remit employees'
withholding tax money monthly
instead ot quarterly.
The bill now goes to the sen'
ate.
limAT about
" In,
this withhold
ing tax?
How does it work?
Why will it put $12 milion into
the state's general fund?
TT'S LIKE this:
Both Uncle and the states
love their Davroll children
both on account of their votes
and on account of the TAXES
they pay. But they don't trust
them IMPLICITLY to pay their
taxes wncn tne taxes are due
So they require their share
of the employees' earnings to be
taken out of their paychecks
each week and remitted to them
by the employer.
Under the new law, he wil
have to remit as soon as the
tax is taken out of the employ
ees' checks. So, under the new
law, he will no longer be able
to use this withheld money as
working capital or for any
other purpose.
If he needs more working cap
ital, he will have to borrow it
and pay interest on it. Under
the proposed new law, the
STATE will have the use of this
withheld wage money.
The state claims that use of
this withheld money Willi save
it $12 million a year, or $1 mil
lion a month.
Also proposed, as a means of
raising more money, is a 4-cent-a-package
cigarette tax bill.
The committee majority wants
the expected $9 million esti
mated to come from the tax dur
ing the biennium to go into the
basis school fund. .The minority
wants the money to go into the
general fund without ear-mark
ing, so that it can be used for
any purpose needed.
Dear Mr. Boucher: The eca
ncmical movement is the re
sponse of the Christian churches
today to a problem that has
existed for many centuries the
separation of Christians into
many divergent communities
of faith. Almost a thousand
years ago the Eastern Church
separated from the Church of
Rome, and the Eastern and
Western spheres of Christendom
have been split ever since. Fur
thermore, four centuries ago
the Western Church was frag
mented by the split between
Roman Catholicism and Protes
tantism. Additional splits have
occurred since then within the
Roman Church, within the East
ern Church, and within the var
ious Protestant churches.
That there should be such
extreme diversity among men
who presumably adhere to what
is, In essence and origin, the
same religious faith, has long
been regarded as a shocking
scandal. John Calvin, the great
16th-century Protestant reform'
er, said: "One of the worst evils
of our time is the fact that there
are so many different churches"
belying "that holy commumion
of the members of Chris t,v
which all Christians profess. A
century later the eminent
French Catholic church man.
Bossuet, corresponded with the
great German Protestant pnl'
losopher, Leibnitz, over the
question of the reunion of the
separated churches.
However, the lbtn and lvth
centuries were times of religious
dispersion and conflict. Substan
tail actions toward unity and
reconciliation movements then
rpHE employer takes the mon-
A ey out each week. In the
past, he has remitted it only
every three months. Meanwhile, don't have to scratch around to
he has had the USE of it. I raise your share of it when tax
VVHA
"It has two advantages. It's
always paid up. You pay your
snare of it every time you buy
package of cigarettes. So, you
paying time comes.
It gets a lot of feathers from
the goose without too much
squawking. You pay it a few
pennies at a time, and so don't
miss the money so much.
sponsored by the Protestant
churches were ecumenical in
spirit and effect. The dynamic
arive to spread tne Gospel to
non-believers within and with
out the Western world tended to
blur denominational differences
and to emphasize the essential
unity among Christians of all
communions. Out of this 19th
century missionary movement
eventually arose the present
world Council of Churches the
G. H. Q. of the Protestant ecu
menical movement.
Father George Tavard has
ported out that some notable
Catholic spoke in an ecu
menical spirit in the 19th cen
tury. Theirs were isolated
voices, the expression of what
Tavard calls the Catholic
"elite" or "avant - garde," in
contrast with the words and
deeds 0- the officials of the Pro
testant world missionary move
ment. However, among these
ecu.-.cnical Catholics, was at
least one high church ' official,
the Bishop of K 1 1 d a r e and
Leighlin, who proposed in 1824
that steps be taken to unite the
Anglican and Catholic Churches
through a frank and open dis
cussion of the issues dividing
mem.
This early and unsuccessful
call for a dialogue between the
Catholic and non - Catholic
churches, was repeated in our
own time by the highest Cath
olic authority, Pope John
XXIII when he convened the
Second Vatican Council to dis
cuss the question of Christian
unity. Official Protestant repre
sentatives have attended the
council as observers and have
been accored serious atten
tion, friendship and courtesy,
This ecumenical council called
to discuss the ecumenical ques
tion marks the high point thus
far of the effort to establish a
dialogue between the Roman
Catholic communion and other
Christian faiths.
Nos substantial agree m e n t
has been reached thus far as to
what form the desired unity
should take or as to what steps
should be taken to attain it. The
sericus disagreements as to doc
trine, sacraments, organization,
and authority, which originally
gave rise to the divisions among
Christians, still remain. How
ever, there is a growing agree
ment that each authentic Chris-
tain group has something of
special value to contribute to
the whole body of Christian be
lief and practice.
Ecumenically minded church
men strive for a unity based on
a solid common core of Chris
tain faith, not for a monolithic
uniformity which would blot
out the various expressions of
Christian life and thought.
AND-
You can always escape it.
All you need to do to escape it
(perfectly legally) is to QUIT
SMOKING.
rpHESE questions in conclil-
sion:
What do the people of Ore
gon want as indicated by their
voting on October 15?
More new taxes to raise more
money?
Or LESS SPENDING, so that
LESS MONEY will have to be
raised by taxation?
They are interesting questions.
You can win a 54-vohime
set of the Great Books of the
Western World by writing a
letter, not to exceed 150
words, Incorporating a ques
tion of general interest for Dr.
Adler to consider for inclu
sion In this column. Each
week he will select as first
prize winners the writers of
the three best letters. He will
use ONE of these letters as a
basis for a future column and
will answer It in terms of the
intellectual heritage of the
Great Books 443 works by
74 authors, spanning 30 cen
turies of thought. Address the
letters to Dr. Mortimer J. Ad
ler, in care of this newspaper.
Memories of War's Horrors Are Needed
i x
By ERIC
SEVAREID
(lllilrlhiilrit IflKJ,
lly Thr Hall
Synillratr, Inc.)
(All mints
llff rvrit)
A peace, like a war, has its
own mystique, tone and cycle
of behavior.
All long wars reach a phase
where their original causes arc
only dimly remembered, but
where the fighting goes on as
The second realm is the realm
of individual human awareness,
where lies the emotional "chem
istry of peace." This alters, so
it seems to me, with the simple
passing of time, almost no mat
ter what the additions to or sub
tractions from the anatomy, the
superstructure of the peace.
Time cures all things, includ
ing, it would appear, the longing
for quiet and the sense of horror
at hui.'.an suffering. There is
one historian at Oxford, I
think who has developed
from his study of the war-peace
cycle the "15 year theory." If
I recall correctly, it is his idea
if by habit even though the ' that approximately 15 years af-
seeds of the inevitable end arc
sprouting.
There must be many among
us who wonder if we may not
have reached such a phase in
this present cycle of peace, a
period in which men work rou
tinely, umnspiredly. at the tasks
of peace, forgetting a little more
each passing year the horror
and the exhaustion that caused
the peace.
Peace, it may be argued, Is
preserved in two d i s t i n c t if life is to be supportable. Per
realms. One is the realm of de- i haps this, then, is why books
liberate action and arrange-! and movies on the last great
ments for peace the alii- war have become readable and
ances, the balances of military watchable in the last three or
power, the formal machinery I four years. Any number of par
lor settlement of disputes. All , ticipants in that war who could
"Thanksgiving Isn't evrn here yrt and they're
already thinking about our Christmas dollars!"
tor each cease-fire, the human
soil is ready to receive and nur
ture the seeds of the next war.
About at this point the general,
international effort ceases to be
the liquidation of the last war's
effects and becomes a very di
rect effort at the prevention of
the next one.
Nature has so made us that
the nerve ends cannot remem
ber pain and it is by nature's
law that sorrow must diminish
this involves the "anatomy of
peace," and it is to this realm
that our attention has almost
exclusively been directed
not for a long time bear to read
about it in detail can do so now.
And of course, the new genera-
Ition, totally without the mem
ories, has grown to the age of
political action.
On this "chemical" level, two
major ingredients have helped
to keep the peace memory of
the last horror and imaginings
of a future horror. Slowly, but
steadily, the first element van
ishes and we are left with only
the second. The result shows it
self in the common chatter of
the daily news. Men talk more
and more blandly of "overkill";
generals issue taunts and
boasts, almost offhand, along
the auto routes to Berlin; Khru
shchev blandly hints that we
were close to a world holocaust
over the last convoy affair.
It is true that while the pres
ence of the divided atom gives
a dramatic climate to each little
crisis, that presence also exer
cises a restraining influence on
each side. But imagination of
the future is not enough; mem
ory of the past must somehow
be revived and maintained, for
we have great need of this sec
ond line of defense against war.
I hope these are not idle
thoughts. If they do not seem
so to me, it is because I have
just made a private pilgimage
to the Ardeatine Caves on the
outskirts of Rome. In March of
1944, Italian partisans killed 32
German soldiers in the city. In
a ten-to-one reprisal, the Ger
mans gathered up 320 Italian
It was my fortune to have
entered the caves three months
later, a few days after they
were re-opened. By candles and
torches, Italian medical men
were piecing together the hu
man identities represented by
the rat-chewed clothing, the rot
ted flesh and the skulls.
I thought then that I could never
forget the horror of those cata
combs of death; yet, with the
years, I did forget.
The place is a shrine now.
Ivy grows over the raw clav
outside. Flowers line the tidy
path to the entrance, where a
lettered slab of stone asks the
Italians to hold no bitterness, to
seek no revenge, only to see
that it shall not happen again.
It was All Saonts' Day, and the
relatives were thronging the
great, half-submerged common
vault where the caskets of stone
were stretched in rows, reflect
ing the light of many candles.
But the Italian Armistice Day
was also at hand. All those who
prayed and cried again at the
cave of the martyrs drove back
into Rome, passing long lines
of tanks and big guns, awaiting
the annual military parade. And
in the emotions of the moment,
the thought persisted: let all
Armistice Day parades in all
countries be a parade of the.
widows and orphans, the blinded
and the halt. Let them carry.
men and boys, herded them into i not rifles, but the portraits of
. U -. A . .. - J tl. 1 .1 1 I . . '
uiwiw ,u,ua, wwuieu uifiu, uu j ineir ucaa, ior noi one was a
blew in the entrance. replaceable face.