$100 Million Push In Chemical Warfare Has Benevolent' Goal
By DABRELL GARWOOD
ilr.S?. '"""-national
WASHINGTON (UPI) -Mai.
Gen. Marshall Stubbs, a young
57 despite his white hair, doffed
nis uniform last week with a
goal almost realized.
The goal, associated ironically
with the deadliest weapons in a
STUBBS RETIRES-Maj. Gen.
Marshall Stubbs. who has re
tired from Chemical, Biological
ana narcological warfare, ( is
shown here in a photo taken in
1959. (UPI)
division of warfare known as
Chemical, 'Biological and Radio
logical (CBR), is to make possi
ble a war in which no one
would be killed or seriously in
jured. . . Stubbs, a 1929. West Point
graduate and native and resi
dent of Superior, Neb., headed
. the CBR effort 1 during five
years in which its budget was
doubled, then doubled again to
a level well over $100 million
a year.
He filed for retirement from
military service effective Oct.
31. But the CBR effort is wrap
ped in such a thick veil of se
crecy that even as he stepped
into civilian clothes he could
not discuss it in detail.
Some Aspects Known
Reliable information, howev
er, confirms these aspects of
the big push in chemical war
fare which the $100 million ap
propriations suggests:
Around half of the expand
ing budget has gone into re
search on "benevolent incapaci
tators." These would merely put
the enemy to sleep or render
him temporarily witless.
Within two years, this re
search promises to advance to
a point whre the United States
. could present' a plan for giving
the nation overwhelming supe
riority in benevolent weapons.
For a total outlay of about
$10 billion spread over five
years, equalling one - fifth
of the U.S. military budget for
one year, these might provide
the answer to everything except
nuclear weapons. And there is
growing belief that, in the inter
ests of self-survival, the latter
might not be used.
Urges More Research
"The main thing at the mo
ment is to pursue our research
as vigorously as possible, with
the aid of all pharmaceutical
companies and all the technol
ogy on which we can lay our
hands," Stubbs told-UPI in a
farewell interview.
"I myself think there are im
portant developments just over
the horizon. They won't mean
that there will be no deaths
from the by-products of war,
because war is always going to
be hell and there will be some
loss of life. But the weapons
themselves can be completely
harmless."
Perhaps as important as the
scientific developments in the
realization of Stubbs' goal would
be a change in public attitude
and an untangling of interna'
tional law to make it accepta
ble to the Western and neu
tral worlds.
Because they are lumped with
poison gas and germ warfare
under the general heading of
CBR, the United States is now
considered to be committed
against the u of incapacita
te, includes; laughing and
tear gas, except as retaliation
in kind, while reserving the
right to use its biggest city
busters.
Actually, the United States is
not a party to any treaty bann
ing chemical and biological war
fare. But a declaration by presi'
dent Franklin D. Roosevelt at
the start of World War II is con
sidered to be the binding policy
of the government until it is
changed. 1
Thus, a simple statement by
President Kennedy could
change the policy. This could
take the form of a declaration
Musa Team Could
Dominate Special
Legislative Te
By ZAN STARK
United Press International
SALEM (UPI) -Oregon's hus
band - wife, Senate . - House
legislative team could dominate
the special session which be
gins Monday. '
Democrat Ben Musa, who
runs an accounting business at
The Dalles, is president of the
Senate.
His wife, Kaiherine, is chair
man of the House Rules Committee.
The combination could have a
dramatic impact on legislation
considered during the special
session.
Musa, and most senators,
have voiced opposition to enact
ment of any new taxes at the
special session. In Musa's view,
this includes the one-shot bill
the governor has requested to
add $12 million to the state's in
come this biennium.
Both Musa and House Speak
er Clarence Barton, D-Coquille,
hsve indicated all bills will be
creened by the Senate and
House Rules Committees before
they are introduced.
Could huletrack Measure
With Mrs. Musa heading the
House Rules Committee, it is
possible this powerful group
could sidetrack measures not
wanted by the Senate.
Under present circumstances,
the House Rules Committee
would be in the most powerful
position.
Revenue - producing measures
must be introduced in the
House.
Thus Mrs. Musa's committee
could hold life or death control
over possible new sources of
revenue.
In addition to the one-shot
measure, two other tax bills al
ready have been proposed. Rep.
Joe Rogers, R - Independence,
has announced he will introduce
a sales tax. Rep. Morris Croth
ers, R-Salem, has announced he
plans a cigarette tax bill.
Mrs. Musa may not be able
personally to exercise life-or-death
control over these pro
posals, for there are eight other
House members on her commit
tee. But as chairman, she has
a lot of influence.
And it is probable that she
has not forgotten the bitter
abuse heaped on her husband
by many House members
during the frantic final hours of
the record 141-day regular ses
sion. On several occasions verb
al abuse voiced in the House
against the Senate brought her
to tears.
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Language Chairman
To Attend Meeting
Mrs. Dorothy Wilson, foreign
language department chairman
at Medford High School, will
participate in the State Foreign
Language Conference at Gear
hart Nov. 15-17.
The conference will feature
one of the largest groups of nationally-known
foreign language
specialists ever to convene at
one time in the Pacific North
west. A highlight of the program
will be a presentation on the
Army method of teaching a
foreign language, by Col. Lloyd
H. Gomes, director of the De
f e n s e Language Institute in
Washington, D. C.
Another of the 11 out-of-state
speakers is Dr. Gustave Mathieu
from Orange State College in
California and well-known to
many Oregon foreign language
teachers. Dr. Mathieu, who
will speak on "Pitfalls of Pal
tern Drill," has conducted sev
eral foreign language work
shops in Oregon sponsored by
the Stale Department of Educa
tion. The conference will cover
virtually all phases of foreign
language education, from re
search to classroom application
of modern techniques in
language instruction. More than
20 exhibitors of foreign language
materials maps, books, labora
tory equipment will display
materials at Gcarhart,.
Engineering Program
Will Be Introduced
NEW YORK (UPI), Pratt
Institute will introduce during
the 1964-65 academic year the
New York metropolitan area's
first major cooperative work
study program in engineering.
The undergraduate engineers
will spend a year of study on
the Pratt campus in Brooklyn,
then study and work in local in
dustry on alternate semesters
during the next tnrce years. A
fifth year will be spent in full
time study after which the stu
dent will be awarded the bache
lor's degree in engineering.
New Monetary Unit
Poses Name Problem
I WELLINGTON, N.Z. (UPD-
, New zealandcrs are now debat-
! ing a name for a new mone
i tary unit, scheduled to change
from the pound-sterling system
to decimal currency in 1967.
Many favor names of local
birds like kiwi and tui while
staunch nationalists advocate
'such names as zeal, zed,
and zcalandia. Accountants fa-
I vor the dollar. Some people sug-
continuing the ban on non-retaliatory
use of deadly agents
while reserving the right to use
benevolent incapacitators.
The Russians have shown an
equal interest in incapacitators,
according to their open litera
ture, and arc equally free from
a policy standpoint as far as
the United States and its allies
are concerned. In the mood of
the nuclear test ban treaty,
military leaders believe they
might join in making such a
distinction.
The Soviets signed the 1925
Geneva protocol outlawing
chemical warfare at a time
when this was thought of in
terms of mustard and phosgene
gas, but attached a qualifica
tion voiding the protocol in the
case of non-signers and their al
lies. The United States never
ratified that agreement.
A continuation of the ban,
such as it is, against deadly
cuemicais coma oe strong Dases
in the fact that these are far
more lethal and practical than
those known in the last use of
gas in World War I.
Could Kill 600
Stubbs said a single cubic
centimeter of the German nerve
gases which the U. S. and
Russia have both stockpiled, re
leases enough fumes to kill 600
persons. A centimeter is less
than a half inch. The stuff va
porizes rapidly when dropped or
released from a missile or shell
as a solid. The nerve gases
are sudden death within two
or three minutes. They paralyze
the nerves, contract the muscles
and prevent breathing. But a
similar-appearing pellet, or a
tew thousand of them, might
put a community or an army
to sleep for whatever length of
time it took to move in and
take over.
There is one respect in which
chemical and biological weap
ons are not comparable to nu
clear types. They require an
element of surprise, because a
forewarned and industrially
advanced enemy could be pre
pared against them. This puts
a premium on secrecy concern
ing new developments. .
The chief element in defense
is the ordinary gas mask, cost
ing about $5 each, which will
screen out all known gases and
many germ agents. Steps by a
nation to equip its citizens with
gasmasks might be the first
indication that the CBR warfare
was to be expected.
So far, the United States has
done well in providing gas
masks for service men, but
nothing to make them available
to civilians. They awere not in
cluded in. the equipment for
radiation fallout shelters, al
though all soldiers carry them
in their packs or. have them
near at hand.
SECTION D
PAGES 1 to 10
Medford
Tribune
MEDFORD, OREGON, THURSDAY, NOVEMBER 7, 1963
Stubbs said the extent to
which the Soviets have provid
ed gas masks for civilians is
not known to U. S. intelligence.
He believes, however, that on
the whole, Soviet preparations
for CBR warfare are more ex
tensive than those of the United
States. . .- . .
Meanwhile Stub.w said there
is nothing in CBR preparations
enforced like the nuclear test
that could be patrolled and
enforced like the nuclear test
ban. The best hope, he believes,
lies in a possible agreement on
definitions and policies while
preparing for the worst.
Stubbs plans to travel, at
least until he gets tired of it.
He was succeeded as chief
chemical officer by Brig. Gen.
Lloyd E. Fellenz, a native of
Leavenworth, Kan., who comes
from a family with a history
of long service in the army. ,
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