J g SUNDAY. NOVEMBER 3, 19B3 MEDFORD MAIL TRIBUNE, MEDEORD, OREGON
Senator Carlson Believes Sold Outflow greatest Problei
SEN. FRANK CARLSON
Discusses Economic Problem
Ceylon Prime Minister Is
Woman First, Politician Next
By MICHAEL T. MALLOY
United Press International
COLOMBO, Ceylon (UPI) -The
only woman prime minister
in the world a woman first
and a politician second but
she combines the two roles as
a firm and knowing matriarch.
After three years in the
"Man's world" of high states
manship and low politics, Mrs.
Sirimavo Bandaranaike has lost
none of the femininity which
earlier made her a loving wife
and mother.
When three of her acquain
tances were asked to describe
the prime minister's character,
each of them started out with
something like this: "To begin
with, she is very much a wom
an." Equally ' descriptive was a
newspaper account of a spirited
debate in the Ccylonesc Parlia
ment last year.
"The prime minister," the re
port said, "was seen to be in
tears."
Other tearful scenes have giv
en the prime minister the un
fortunate nickname of "The
Weeping Widow."
But this picture of weak wom
anhood is fading fast.
"Think of her as a widow
wllh 10.S million children," one
diplomat said.
Concern For People
Mrs. Bandaranaike is deeply
concerned with her people's wel
fare. This has led to the socialist-style
takeover of many indus
tries, but ft also has given the
Ceylonese the widest range of
social welfare benefits in Asia.
Mrs. Bandaranaike's 10.5 mil
lion "children" get free educa
tion to the university level. They
get cheap or free medical care.
Their fish, kerosene, cloth and
local transportation is sub
sidized. Fully 20 per cent of the
budget goes to provide rice to
the public at hardly one-fourth
the open market price.
Her strong moral feelings arc
those of an ideal wife and moth
er of an. aristocratic Ceylonese
family. They fit in with her.
avoidance of tobacco, her re
fusal to wear cosmetics and
her reluctance to meet strang
ers. lorn in Wealth
Mrs. Bandaranaike was burn
in 1016 to the Ratwatte family,
at the very top of Ceylon's
pyramid of wealth, caste and
social tradition.
In 1010, a match was ar
ranged to unite Sirimavo's clan
of highland nobles with the
wealthy lowland family of
W. R. D. Bandaranaike.
Bandaranaike was much older
and he was one of Ceylon's
fastest-moving politicians. While
Sirimavo stayed at home, he
stumped the island for Cey
lonese nationalism, the Bud
We're Selling . . .
LOTS OF CARPET
It must be our
Lower Prices
We almost never
TWIST
(Utt
Home Furnishings
CASCADE SHOPPING CENTER, White City
dhist religion and welfare-state
socialism.
Bandaranaike's coalition won
an upsel victory hi the IO.'jO
elcclions. lie became prime min
ister with a big parliamentary
majority.
Four years ago the daily
swarm of visitors to his home
included an embittered Bud
dhist "bhikkhu" who had been
denied a political appointment.
As Bandaranaike bowed to the
monk in the approved religious
manner, the bhikkhu whipped a
pistol from his yellow robes and
shot the prime minister to
death.
Turn To Widow
The prime minister's des
perate allies were then driven
to the expedient of using Ban
daranaike's widow as a symbol
to whip up support for their
party. They made ncr titular
head of the Sri Lanka Freedom
Party (SLFP) and ran her for
the senate in the MHO elections.
Sirimavo toured the country
with her political mentors, con
stantly reminding the voters of
her martyred husband s popu
Bids Called for
Fence Construction
KLAMATH FALLS - Bids for
construction of 17.5 miles of
range fence on the Winema Na
tional Forest will be received
by the regional forester before
3 p.m. Nov. 14. Also included
in the proposed contract will be
the installation of six cattle
guards. In announcing the project, Su
pervisor Alex Smith advised
that the fence locations are lo
cated on the Chiloquin, Klamath
and Chemult Ranger Districts,
and eight separute short seg
ments ol fence are involved.
"Completion of those fence
projects," Smith said, "will be
another step toward gaining
control of the grazing use on
Hie National Forest lands and
will aid materially in the over
all range management pro
gram.' The project is made possible
through the Accelerated Public
Works Program administered
jointly by the Forest Service
and the Area Redevelopment
Administration of the Depart
ment of Commerce.
Interested bidders will have
an opportunity to review speci
fications on tlie ground with
Forest Service personnel. A
"show me" trip to the fencing
I sites will originate from t h e
i Chemult Hanger Station at 9
i a.m. Tuesday, Nov. 5.
customers'
OPEN JW'-
rK rM t TODAY rC; ,
By ROY McGIIEE
United Press International
WASHINGTON (UPI) -What
is the single moot serious prob
lem facing the United States
today? Civil rights? Unemploy
ment? Communism?
An American who selects any
one of those possibiliti; IV
nation's No. 1 crisis will find
a sizable number of his coun
trymen who agree wholeheart
edly. But a highly respected, senior
Republican in the United States
Senate disagrees with all of
them.
To Sen. Frank Carlson of Kan
sas the greatest cause for alarm
and one of the least under
stood is that gold is flowing
away from U. S. shores faster
than it is collecting here. This
causes what is Known in
economic circles as a "balance-
of-payments" deficit.
"Balance-of-payments" deficit
is a nine-dollar phrase which
simply means that the United
States spends, lends, invests
and gives away more to foreign
larity and frequently breaking
into tears in the midst of her
campaign speeches. The tactics
won a national victory for the
I SLFP.
I Once in power, the SLFP lead
ers made Mrs. Bandaranaike the
j prime minister and sat back
to run the country in tneir own
way. They assumed that the
widow would stay out of govern
ment business. At first tney
seemed to be right.
At the beginning, she leaned
heavily on her young, ambitious
nephew. Felix Dias Bandara
naike. As her parliamentary sec
retary, Felix became Mrs. Ban
daranaike s spokesman in tne
more important Lower House,
while she stayed in the more
tranquil Senate.
As tinance minister, r enx con
trolled the economy. It was gen
erally believed that he also con
trolled the prime minister.
Starts Villugc Tour
Then Mrs. Bandaranaike be
gan to tour the villages to sell
her social welfare programs.
She discovered the popular adul
ation which gives relish to pol
itics. When she drove along the
dusty island roads, the cry of
"Sirimavo's coming" ran ahead
of her car, and knots of peasants
gathered to cheer.
Mrs. Bandaranaike also
found that her example was
freeing the rest of her sex from
lis restricted place at the fam
ily hearlh. Housewives who had
never attended a political meet
ing would turn out in thousands
to see their woman prime min
ister. They began to vote in
election-swaying droves.
Today the prime minister's
public appearances can be pow
erful and moving events. Crowds
will wait for hours in a village
square to hear her.
Moves With Deliberation
Often the sun has set and hiss
ing pressure lamps light up the
crowd as it parts for the prime
minister's arrival. She wears a
white sari to set off her dark
skin, and moves with delibera
tion. Farmers who have come
from miles away reach out to
touch her garments. Some kneel
to kiss the hem of her sari.
That Mrs. Ilandarnnnikc now
uses her political magic in nor
own way is scarcely disputed
in Ceylon any more. Her neph
ew, Felix, has lost his finance
minister's job. He still repre
sents his aunt in the Lower
House, but it is now understood
that he speaks (or her instead
of himself.
Felix's replacement both as
finance minister and Mrs. Ban
daranaike's chief advisor is a
Marxist named T. B. llangar
atne. But it is believed that the
prime minister makes the de
cisions herself, though she lis-
, tens io iiangaralne s advice, es
I penally on economic matters.
-. ..... Jr" 4
arms . -. . K-,. lift
countries than foreign countries
spend, lend, invest or give to
the United States.
Number One Problem
"Mir balance of payments
situation is the number one
problem as far as the future of
the count! y is concerned," Carl
son told United Press Interna
tional in an interview. "If we
don't reverse the trend quickly
j we're likely to face a depres
sion that will make all our oth-
cr problems pale into insignifi
j cance."
j At the outside, he says, the
j country has two years to get
I its foreign fiscal affairs in or
j der, or face possible economic
catastrophe.
Carlson speaks from a orc-
eminont position. He is ranking
Republican, behind Sen. John
Williams of Delaware, on the
Senate Finance Committee. He
is third ranking GOP member
of the Senate Foreign Relation;
Committee. In those posts he is
privy to the nation's prime eco
nomic information. The jobs
also make him partly respon
sible for solutions of both do
mestic and foreign economic
problems.
Recent Assignment
His most recent assignment
in the international field was
representing the United States,
along with Sen. J. W. Fulhright,
D-Ark., at the International
Monetary Fund (IMF) confer
ence in October.
Carlson has been heartened
a little but just a little by
the modest improvement in the
balancc-of-payments deficit in
recent months. In the second
quarter it was running at a
Sy
trsrV- k
Tops In Taste!
For
S5 billion annual rate and was
reduced to a $2.5 annual rale,
estimated, in the third quarter.
"Even so," he predicted, "this
will still be our worst year.
We'll probably wind up about $4
billion behind."
For several years the defi
cits have been averaging about
$.1 billion. They have drained
U.S. gold stocks by about $15
billion.
How did the United States
get in such a situation?
Complex Combination
To find the answer to that,
one would have to unravel a
complex combination of cir
cumstances that have been
years in the making. The more
pertinent question, according to
Carlson, is how to get out of
the situation.
Conceding that there are no
easy answers in today's world,
he said nevertheless that an
swers must be found. He sug
gested a few:
Cut back American troops
commitments overseas.
Increase U.S. sales efforts
on a nation-to-nation basis in
the free world.
Boost trade in non-strategic
commodities with the Commu
nist bloc countries.
Raise U.S. interest rates to
a point where they are on a
par with or very close to Euro
pean rates.
Most Important
Of all these, approaches, he
said, the Uoop cutback is the
most important.
American military forces
overseas are the greatest sin
gle conduit through which U.S.
gold flows abroad. They will ac
I?
Finer Dairy Products . . Ash for 1 or veil
count for about SI billion during
this year.
"I am hopeful we can re
duce our overseas soldier com
mitments," the senator said.
"We have nearly 400.000 troops
in Europe alone. With our abil
ity to transport whole divisions
by air, as the recent exercise
Big Lift proves, we .ihould be
able to cut back significantly."
As for trade, the United
States exports more than it im
ports and has had a favorable
balance in this respect for
years. But the balance is nar
rowing. And this trend must
also be reversed if the overall
payments deficit picture is to
be improved.
Trade Bi-Lalerally
Carlson's suggestion: "I think
we arc going to have to send
some people out with brief
cases to trade bi-lalerally. We
are simply going to have to
compete on a bigger and b-oad-er
scale."
As to trade with Communist
bloc countries, the senator
thinks the United States might
have to re-examine its whole
philosophy about such ex
changes. He favored the sale
of wheat to the USSR, and not,
he says, jurt because he repre
sents the nation's largest wheat
growing state. In a recent Sen
ate statement, Carlson de
clared: "Our nation lost $423 million
worth of gold from Jan. 1 to
Aug. 31, 10G3. Our gold reserve
has dropped from $24 billion
in 1054 to $15.7 billion in 1063.
"There are some who will
argue that the sale o.' wheat
to Russia strengthens Crmmu-
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nism. But the facts are that
Russia is obtaining not only
foodstuffs, but industrial prod
ucts from our allies in ever
increasing quantities.
Trade Agreements
"For instance, statistics for
1902 show that West German
trade agreements with Russia
alone totaled about $700 mil
lion. Germany is now the third
largest industrial nation in the
world.
"Italy has a four-year trade
agreement with the Soviets for
St. 11 billion worth of goods.
France has signed a three-year
trade pact with Russia for $100
million in trade. India has a
four-year trade pact with Rus
sia which provides annual trade
of $440 million. Japan has a
three-year trade pact with Rus
sia that calls for $305 million.
GIRLS & BOYS SWIM LESSONS
FALL SERIES
BOYS Classes Start Nov. 4
GIRLS Classes Start Nov. 6
Beginners it Intermediates Advanced
Classes Meet Twice per Week
(One Class During Week-One Class Sat.)
For Information or Registration
PHONE 772-6295
Instructor . . , Gone
Learn Now and Be Ready
Y
J O w W a T?k v 3
The United States and Russian
trade last year was $16 million
each way.
"I am not advocating the sale
of strategic materials to Rus
sia, but I do urge that our na
tion give every consideration
to expanding our trade with
Russia and her satellites in
non-strategic items."
Returning to the wheat ques
tion, Carlson said the United
States sells wheat to Germany,
France and other European
countries.
Processed and Sold
"Much of this wheat is proc
essed into flour and foodstuffs
by these countries and then
sold to Russia. Therefore, Rus
sia gets our wheat whether we
sell it to them or not," the
Senator said.
Another leading factor in the
Cronin ,
To Join the Fun Next Summer!
fin, .4 1
gold-outflow problem, Carlson
said, is the interstate situation.
Overseas, opportunities look
mighty tempting to American
investors, particularly in stable
West European countries. Inter
est rates there are higher than'
they are here. This led Presi
dent Kennedy recently to raise
the rediscount rate for shoil
term borrowing. This, in turn,
so the theory goes, will lead
American investors to put more
of their money in domestic is
sues. Coming as close as he ever
did to a partisan statement in
the interview, Sen. Carlson not
ed this was the classic Republi
can position. "They (the ad
ministration) hated tn Hn il
! but they found there was just
no omer way. mey had to
raise the rates," he said.
INSIDE
POOL
sens'
fS
w
522
y W. 6th 51.