MEDFORD MAIL TRIBUNE, MEUKORD. OREGON 1IILMMMV, utiutibn i,, imvi J
real!: Plains IFormeirs Team With Science
RAW f n
CANVAS DAM Dennis Carter of Syracuse,
Kansas, places a canvas dam on an irrigation
ditch to route the water to a suitable field.
In the background is a dry, high plain. (UPI)
By JOSEPH CARTER Gov. Henry Bellmon said, "have ployed. Furrows were turned to
United Presi International : kept them on the high plains deflect the prevailing winds.
wrapi'sp Kan iiipii ' during times of trial." Other plows brought stubble to
R.7rf or..! ni.?n. i.,!,L.7l Bellmon, himself a wheat 'the surface to help hold mois
M Si &.'a;TaSp:?-- father pu.tur,. j
me im-iimee amp ui I'ltiduuiiid, i ovinia iiiiti huuiu Mtuu i 11 c
said erratic great plains weath-: drought were developed. Crop
er "calls forth the maximum in- j land was diverted to pasture and
genuity of individuals who de-, hay - feed storage was used.
ruinrl unnn the cnil fnr th.ir
The great drought of the 1930s, j livelihood."
wnere a not sun ana reienuess
abundance today from the dry-:
lands of America where the om- j
inous threat of "dust bowl" once j
lurked. :
wind sapped the soil of mois
ture, may never be repeated.
The black clouds of dust that
strangled life and the economy
three decades ago have been
doused by ingenuity, research
and courage.
Botanists have bred new
drought resistant seeds.
Cheap electricity has opened
wells for new irrigation.
Manufactures have produced
new water saving equipment.
Behind it, and most staunch,
are the great plains farmers.
"The sturdy qualities of great
plains citizens," Oklahoma
Education Department
Notes Special Classes
OLYMPIA, Wash. (UPD-The
Washington State Education De
partment, in a report on sum
mer school classes, came up
with this sentence:
"Special interest classes per
mit students to pursue classes
in their special interest."
Drought Hits All
Across the plains, the loss of
a crop not only affects the
farmers but it hits merchants,
bankers and vibrates throughout
the United States economy.
Fighting drought, therefore, is
a national problem handled by
farmers.
The wind burned farmers
dusted off the depression a n d'i
rirnlinht nf Hi. IQ'tds anrt vmv.H t
the dust bowl never would
happen again. Strict conserva
tion measures were employed.
Soil tillers started raising cat
tle. Land was allowed to lay fal
low one year to accumulate
moisture for a crop the next
season. Irrigation was encour
aged. When widespread electri
city came in the 1940s, wells
were drilled in dry areas.
Water was conserved by new
ponds and lakes.
Scientific plowing was devel
oped. "Chisel" plows that would
turn up lumps of damp soil
when dry spells arose were em-
State Rep. Francis Carter, of
Syracuse, a veteran Western
Kansas farmer, said the change
was radical. He compared the
attitude reversal with the switch
from horses to tractors.
"The drought of the '50s could
have been as disasterous as the
1930s," Forest Bcal, Nash, Okla.
farmer said, "if the necessary
adjustments hadn't been made
"There have been some re
markable techniques developed
since the 1930s," he said. "We
have learned to live with t h c
weather."
Bellmon called "the erratic
weather of the great plains" an
"almost insurmountable handi
cap" 30 years ago.
"Present day methods," the
Cooper's Urtexpectd
Sightings on Earth
Confirmed by NASA
By ALVIX B. WEBB Jr.
CAPE CANAVERAL (UPI) -Some
experts were flatly con
vinced U.S. astronaut, L. Gor
don Cooper Jr. was suffering
from hallucinations.
Others were less incredulous,
but preferred to believe that
"outside influences" such as at
mospheric conditions or perhaps
even weightlessness were pri
marily responsible for it.
The National Aeronautics and
Space Administration put a five-
man scientific team to work on
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governor said, "employing bet
ter equipment, adapted varieties
of plants and tillage methods
have softened the feast and fam
ine characteristics formerly ac
cepted as a neccessary part of
great plains agriculture.
"The use of trench silos, am
ple grain storage and the facili
ties to hold surplus hay from fa
vorable seasons for use in peri
ods of drought has stabilized ag
riculture to a marked degree,"
Bellmon said.
Stabilize Economy
The general economy of the
plains has been stabilized by
more emphasis on cattle produc
tion. Many farmers who former
ly grubbed their living from
wheat now raise cattle and
feed grain.
Fertilizer and careful rotation
of crops on wheatland have been
a bonanza for wheat raisers.
Marvin E. Tong Jr., director
of the Great Plains Historical
association at Lawton, Okla.,
said his organization was "con
cerned with the general lack of
understanding and appreciation
of the plains environment.
"The region is characterized
by a level landscape, absence
of trees and a semi-arid climate.
"Pcriodaclly," Tong said,
"the plains is swept with a
drought and people who live on
the plains must learn to accept
this fact of nature and plan ac
cordingly including farmers,
bankers, merchants and a 1 1
others concerned.
"In order for a man to sur
vive in a plains environment,"
Tong said, "he must adapt to a
way of life that is far different
from humid area ideas, institu
tions and laws."
the problem. After weeks of re
search, the group came up with
its ratner startling answer:
Astronaut Cooper saw exact v
what he said he saw on earth 1
below during his 22.9-orbit voy
age around the globe last May
iD-tb.
Report Vindicated
Thus, with no its, ands or buts.
one of the most remarkable sci- j
entific reports of the year was !
vindicated. It could have an im-:
portant bearing on future1
manned space flights, and even
on the development of "spy-in-
the-sky satellites for policing
military build-ups on earth.
All the flurry centered around
Cooper's report of spectacular
views of earth. At one point, he I
said, "1 could detect individual
houses and streets" in the Him
alaya mountains, on the plains
of Tibet and in the southwestern
area of the United States.
Sees Hoad Clearly
On another occasion, the as
tronaut said, "I saw what I took
to be a vehicle along a road in
the Himalaya area and in the
Arizona-West Texas area. 1
could first see the dust blowing
off the road, then could see the
road clearly ..."
And still another: 1 saw a
steam locomotive by seeing the '
smoke first; then I noted the ob
ject moving along what was ap
parently a track . . .
All of which triggered a hot
debate in scientific circles. Ex
perts quickly noted that cars.
locomotives, houses and such
are only a comparatively few
feet wide, that road is scant
yards across and that Cooper
was claiming he saw them from
orbital heights of more than 100
miles.
Some said outright that it was
impossible, that Cooper must
have suffered hallucinations or
some sort of space-going varia
tion of the "raptures of the
deep." Others said perhaps the
atmosphere magnified the ob
jects on earth, or that the as
tronaut's vision was improved
by the effects of weightlessness
in orbit.
Confirm Astronaut's Views !
Not a bit of it, said the NASA
scientific team headed by Dr.
John A. O'Kcefc: ". . . from
knowledge of the factors which
affect visibility under these con
ditions, there appears to be no
reason to suspect that these
identifications by Cooper were
not generally accurate."
In the first place, it was
pointed out, Cooper has excep
tional vision. A recent examina
tion measured his eyesight at
20-12 meaning he could see
objects at 20 feet that a person
with normal 20-20 vision could
not detect beyond about 12 feet.
Secondly, Cooper enjoyed
"unusually good weather condi
tions." His report stood out all
the more in the light of a gen
eral lack of similar sightings by
three previous U.S. orbiting as
tronauts. But on all three of
the earlier flights, cloud cover
around earth was heavy.
His view was aided by the
rarified atmosphere in the Ti
betal plain, which rises lfi.tKKI
feet above sea level, and by
the low humidity, cloudless
weather over the U.S. south
west. He did not sec other more
massive sights such as Los
Angeles or Calcutta even
though he flew right over them
because of obscuring haze or
clouds.
As for spotting roads of per
haps less than SO feet across,
the NASA experts pointed out
that U.S. Kuckets as far back
as the Viking series in the early
1950s had made similar sight
ings from altitudes of up to 150 '
miles. I
American military leaders
are reported to have found
Cooper's report impressively
encouraging. The Air force is
developing a camera-carrying
"spy" satellite called Samos to
photograph sites on earth from
perches in space as lofty as
Cooper's.
One more point is certain:
such grandiose views right out
side the spaceship windows
should make flights into orbit
interesting experiences f o r
many years to come.
Bin HKOTIIKHS'
PLACEKVILLE, Calif. (L'PI)
The State of California is us
ing a "Big Brother" technique
to enforce fire laws. A Division
of Forestry airplane with a
loudspeaker is warning house
holders in Isolated sections of
the Sierra Nevada to bo care
ful with fire materials.
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,: An
''m J Evening
with the
ilpN President's
Mother
One of the most effective weapons in the
Kennedy clan's popularity arsenal is 70-year-young
Rose Kennedy whose quietly refined
"travel-slide shows" knock 'em dead!
Family Weekly takes you to one of these affairs
that professional politicians claim are worth ten
band-wagon rallies in the
OCTOBER 27TH
Weekend Issue of
WeeJcIy
with your copy of the
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