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THURSDAY, OCTOBER 24. 1963
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Painting of Custer's
Battle Now in Cody
By DANIEL P. DOHERTV
CODY, Wyo. (UPI) - The fa
mous last stand of Gen. George
Armstrong Custer and five com
panies of the famed 7th Caval
ry on the Little Big Horn June
25, 1876, is the main attraction
this season of the Whitney Gal
lery of Western Art.
The epic painting of Custer's
battle against the Sioux and
other Plains tribes was moved
from the Montana Historical
museum at Helena to become
the focal point of a large col
lection of Western Americana
here in the Whitney gallery and
the Buffalo Bill museum.
The painting by Edgar S.
Paxson, moved here by his heirs
over protests from the Montana
museum director, celebrates one
of the best known military en
gagements in American history.
It is supplemented by a collec
tion put together by Dr. Har
old McCracken, director of the
gallery, of a group of other im
portant pictures and original
documents relating to the last
stand. ' ,
Portraits
There are portraits of Indian
chiefs and warriors who par
ticipated in the "massacre" and
an exhibit of two of the more
significant documents involved
Gen. Alfred H. Terry's offi
cial report of finding the bodies
of Custer and his men on the
field of battle and Terry's field
report on the battle to Gen.
George Crook.
The Paxson painting, com
pleted in 1899, is six by nine
fect in size and depicts Custer
in buckskins, grasping his side.
He is surrounded by B5 of his
troops. All were killed In the
battle, one of the most contro
versial in American annals.
Because of a recent contro
versy over the painting itself,
McCracken researched the his
torical authenticity of the can
vas, checking it against offical
and other records, the artist's
notes and diaries and other
paintings of the battle.
"It is my conclusive opinion,"
he said, "that the Edgar S. Pax
son painting of 'Custer's Last
Stand must be accepted as the
most accurate portrayal that
we have of the historic battle
of the Little Big Horn."
No While Men
No white man is known (o
have witnessed or survived the
battle.
Paxson moved to Montana in
1877, a year after the battle,
and spent 42 years there.
"In preparing his notes and
sketches, Paxson had made it a
purpose to make friends of
many of the most Important
Indians who had personally par
ticipated in the fight, learning
to converse with them in their
own dialect and also by the sign
language," McCracken said. "A
number of these he Induced lo
accompany him to the battle site
and there relate what happened.
He had the great advantage of
being 'liked' by the Indians.
They named him 'Cot-lo-sec'
(He Sees Everything), and the
most reticent of the noted chiefs
and warriors posed for him to
paint their portraits, and talked
freely.
"Among the Indians who
through the years contributed
valuably lo Ihe accuracy of the
Paxson painting was the Sioux
war chief Gall, who commanded
Hie hoslilea in the attack; also
he had cut nut the heart of
Capt. Tom Custer, Ihe Gener
al's brother; Chief Two Moons,
leader of the fighting Chey
ennes: and many of the lesser
warriors, as well as squaws. who
reportedly stripped and muti
lated the dead soldiers."
Negro Students in Chicago Attend 'Freedom Schools'
By AL KUbi i:fc.i
United Press International
The temperature in Chicago
Tuesday was in the balmy six
ties, perfect sunshiny autumn
weather for playing hookey
from school.
On such a day, integration
leaders exploded a massive
city-wide "freedom day" protest
against alleged de facto segre
gation and their controversial
school superintendent, Dr. Ben
jamin C. Willis.
Although many youngsters
simply took the day off, others
SURGERY AID
NEW YORK (UPI) - New
overhead supply units for hospi
tal operating rooms increase
the safety, cleanliness and con
venience of heart surgery by
bringing anesthetic gases, wa
ter, electricity and waste dis
posal lines directly to the heart
lung machine operator and the
anesthesiologist, according to
Chemetron Corp.'s NCG divi
sion. The stainless steel units,
which are raised and lowered
electrically, eliminate the tan
gle of supply lines normally as
sociated with this type surgery
when the supplies come from
floor and wall units.
went all out for the integration
project.
To substitute for regular
schools, promoters of the pro
test established 144 "freedom
schools" throughout Chicago.
Negroes attended "classes" in
churches, civic centers and
other buildings and were taught
some lessons they normally
don't get in regular schools.
They were given "diplomas" at
the end of the day.
Credit Is Questionable
Whether Chicago school offi
cials would give credit for the
day's "work" was in question.
State law requires that children
go to a school but doesn't say
it has to be an acceptable one.
A school operated by the Black
Muslims in Chicago has been a
going concern for some time.
Negro children from 6 to 18
piled into the "freedom
schools." Back at city hall, tod
dlers as young as two years of
age were on hand.
The "freedom school" pupils
were given instruction from a
20-page "Guide for Freedom
School Leaders" prepared by a
group calling Itself Teachers
for Integrated Schools. The in
struction book was broken down
into age levels.
For first, second and third
graders (age 6-7-8), the instruc
tions to the teachers went like
this:
"What days do we go to
school?" teacher asks class.
"And what do we call our
school today. (F r e e d o m
school)."
"Write the word freedom on
the board or a large piece of
paper for all to see. Discuss
the meaning of the word. Have
each child print his or her
name at the top of the paper
and practice writing the word
freedom."
Intermediate Lessons
The lesson plan for the inter
mediate grades included:
"Recitation of the Pledge of
Allegiance to the flag and sing
ing of the Star Spangled Ban
ner. "The leader explains about
attending the freedom school
and what a boycott is. 'A boy
cott means something when a
lot of people do it at the same
time. It doesn't mean much if
only one person docs it.' "
"You are helping the freedom
movement by staying out of
school," the teacher says.
"Now, can someone think of
a boycott that helped to begin
the American Revolution about
170 years ago?" (Answer: Bos
ton tea party.)
Afler that, the group received
information about the various
integration organization labels
such as NAACP (National As
sociation for the Advancement
of Colored People), SNCC (Stu
dent Non-Violent Coordinating
Committee) and SCLC (South
ern Christian Leadership Conference).
Skit About Tubman
There was also a skit about j
Harriet Tubman, identified as
"the most famous conductor of:
the underground railroad who
led over 300 slaves into free-j
dom." i
For high school groups, the!
format was more advanced: A
History of the Negro "Freedom
Movement." j
"What do we mean when we ;
say all people are equal regard-1
less of race? Did the slaves j
like being in the United States?
Why do you think freedom is
better than slavery?
"Can you show how the Ne
gro people made their greatest
advances when they themselves
took action? Do you know of
any cases where white people
cooperated to help Negroes gain
their right? How does the
achievement of full equality for
Negroes help white people as
well?"
All age groups were taught
the songs of the integration
movement such as "We Shall
Overcome" and "Oh, Freedom."
Then, back at the old school
houses, it's supposed to be
reading, writing and arithmetic
again.
Court Records
Ml DFORO MUNICIPAL COURT
Martin Dick Chris tensen, dis
obeyed Iraflic sienal. $10.
Clint Lunaford Jr., violation of
basic rule, $10.
Kenneth Bold Leard, violation
of basic rule. S10.
Kenneth Uwu Curtis, disobeyed
stop sign, S10. ,
Alan LeRoy Harris, disobeyed
traific sienal. $10; failure to ob
tain Oregon operator's license. $30.
John M. Ross, no operator's li
cense in possession, $5.
ASHLAND MUNICIPAL COURT
Lyle Gene Flankenhorn, viola
tion of basic rule, $25.
Claudia Ann Person, violation of
basic rule, accident involved. t2b.
Lisle Connard Evans, disobeyed
traffic signal, $5.
Mary Marie White, disobeyed
traffic signal. $5.
Louts Marston Wolff, violation
of basic rule, $15.
Amy C. Griffin, failure to park
securely, accident involved, $25.
J a me Roger Lian, passing on
the right, $5.
Marcus B render, disobeyed traf
fic signal, $5.
Dan E Clyburn, disobeyed traf
fic signal, $5.
ROLLEIFLEX BOLEX NIKON PENTAX LEICA HASSELBLAD
VALUABLE COUPON
FALl-SEASON KODACOIOR REPRINT COUPON
This coupon when presented 16 Ander'j Photo Shop with any Kodacolor negative
for reprints entitles you to . .
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ANDERS
PHOTO 232 EAST MAIN ?''" x'r" November 15,
cufso ,, .... 1963. Good for Kodacolor
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ROLLEIFLEX BOLEX NIKON PENTAX LEICA HASSELBLAD
Hospitals Fail
To Inform, Claim
NEW YORK (UPI) - Hospi
tals have failed lo explain their
rising cost problem to a public
weary of the inflationary cycle
of health care costs, a p u b 1 1 c j
relations executive told the 65th
annual meeting of the Ameri-.
can Hospital association.
Aaron D. Cushman, t h e ex
pert, said hospital costs spiral
upwards with little or no cxpla
nation or attempt by hospitals
to educate the public as to the
reason.
There arc about 15.000 banks
In the U.S. as compared with
bout 30,000 during the early
1920'!. I
PeMEYSTp"111 p.m.
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