THURSDAY, OCTOBER 21, 1003
MEDFdM lTt THlH, MEDFORD. CMJOWI
Birlh Control
Provision Tacked
To Aid Program
WASHINGTON (UPI) - The
Senate Foreign Relations Com
mittee, in a move certain to
trigger a political uproar, has
urged the administration to sup
ply birth control information to
underdeveloped nations seeking
to "maintain a reasonable bal
ance of population and re
sources." The committee's amendment,
sponsored by Chairman J. Wil
liam Fulbright (D-Ark.) was
tacked on to a $4.2 billion for
eign aid authorization bill sent
to the Senate for action by the
committee Tuesday. It marked
the first time the committee had
specifically authorized aid funds
for such use.
Trimming Expected
The committee bill, headed
for expected trimming in the
Senate, fell below the $4.5 bil
lion asked by President Ken
nedy. It was about $700 million
more than the $3.5 billion voted
by the House, however.
The bill, with its emotion
charged birth control amend
ment, comes up for formal con
sideration by the Senate Mon
day, although there was a
chance that Fulbright would de
liver his opening statement to
day. A floor fight seemed likely.
At present the Agency for In
ternational Development (AID),
which oversees the program, is
not legally barred from dispens
ing birth control information,
though it has not done so.
EXPLOSIVE
RICHMOND, Va. (UPI) - A
high school student here was
discouraged about a chemical
mixture he was preparing in
his basement laboratory. He
called his teacher to list the in
gredients and ask for advice.
"Don't touch anything," I h e
teacher sputtered. Next the
teacher notified Army auhori
lies asking them to send a
bomb demolition squad to the
boy's home. The student had
unwittingly concocted a quart of
nitroglycerin.
PACIFIC MexifoCityN.
OCEAN g gLj
PRODUCT 01' REVOLUTIONS Modern Mex
ico is a product of four major revolutions in
the last 450 years, and of a territory of high
ly diversified topography and climates.
UPI newsmap shows Mexico. (UPI)
This
Modern Mexico Is Product of
Four Revolutions in 450 Years
EDITORS NOTE: Here is
another in the series of arti
cles on nations of tli(. unrlri
written by United Press Inter
national correspondents living
and working in the various
countries.
By JAIME PLENN
United Press International
MEXICO CITY (UPl)-Mod-ern
Mexico is the product of
four major revolutions in the
last 450 years, and of a terri
tory of highly diversitieel lopog
raphy and climates, as well as
of a population with a wide
range of ethnic, social and eco
nomic influences.
The Spanish conquest in the
third decade of the 16th cen
tury was the beginning of the
consolidation of Mexico as a na
tion. This revolution brought a
new religion and a new way of
life to an area ot semi-nomadic
tribes and of established native
Indian empires sucn as the Az
tec and Maya. It also estab
lished the biological basis for
today's typical Mexican ihc
"Mestizo" a mixture of Span
iard and Indian.
The political revolution that
brought Mexico independence
from Spain in the struggle
from 1810 to 1X21 ended the
colonial status of a land whose
territory extended from Central
America f a r northward to
much of what is today the
United States' Southwest and
Far West.
vanced constitution in 11)17, a
document which has been the
blueprint for construction of to
day's Mexico.
Properly of Slate
Although some regard the
constitution a s "socialsitic,"
the official view is that it is
"social democratic" and that
it incorporates centuries-old so
cial, legal and economic ideas.
Article 27 of the constitution,
one oi me controversial sec
Records Reveal Fascinating Stories
By JAIME PLENN i projected "History of the Jews
United Press International in Mexico."
MEXICO CITY (UPI) Sc-! Liebman paid tribute to earli
crets of the Spanish Inquisition, ' er scholars who have dug into
including the Jewish origin of Inquisition records in various
many Latin American families, places, including Spain and
are being revealed here to other European countries, in
scholars as a result of greater South America and Mexico,
accessibility of the Roman also praised the scribes of
by her
was burned at the stake. Dur
ing his imprisonment, the
Church had done all in its pow
er to re-convert him to Chris
tianity. Fifteen disputations and
Lamouc cnurcn tribunals rec
ords of several hundred years
ago.
The newly available material,
provided with cooperation of
Mexican authorities, was de
scribed here by a North Ameri
can scholar, Dr. Seymour Lieb
man, formerly of Miami, Fla.,
who has been engaged in re
search for several years on a
WASHABLE
NEW YORK (UPI) - When
washing woodwork, hold a flat
cookie sheet or an old license
plate over the adjacent area,
home economists suggest.
This will speed your work
and prevent splashes on the
wall. Woodwork comes clean in
a jiffy with warm soap or de
tergent suds applied with a soft
clean cloth or sponge work
ing from the floor upwards.
Rinse well and wipe with a
clean dry cloth.
embraced Christianity to furth
er his personal ambitions, ac-
He cording to researchers. He
the adopted the name of Pablo de
Inquisition, whose records, he Santa Maria, became a mem
said, "arc almost fantastic in bcr of the Council of State in
the wealth of detail and Spain, and co-regent for the In
the completeness of some of the fante, Juan II."
trials." Seeking to convince other
Thousands of human dramas. ! Jews to follow his example, Pa
"more exciting than any work bio de Santa Maria wrote a
of fiction," are to be found in book, "Scrutinium Scripturor
the Inquisition records, Lieb-'um," which bore his title of
man said. j Bishop of Burges. In addition,
He cited one unusually inter- he also was papal delegate to
esling story, that of Francisco . the Spanish court.
tury by a Jew who had become lie, he was denounced
a camoiic. to tne Holy uttice. ji..,."... .... him
"That man in Spain." Lieb-, "He was arrested in 1627 and j an() leading Catholic authori
man said, "was Rabbi Solomon ; incarcerated until 1639, when he i ties."
na-Levi. wno naa voluntarily i
Maldonado de Silva. who was
baptized as a Catholic but be
came a Jew and then discover
ed that his father, who prac
ticed the Catholic faith, had
been born a Jew, had been
brought before the Inquisition as
a heretic and released as a pen
itent, with a monetary fine.
Young de Silva was born
about 1593 and lived in Chile
and Peru, Liebman said. He
then told of the influence ex
erted on de Silva by a book
written in Spain in the 15th ccn-1
When Francisco Meldonado
de Silva who became a lead
ing surgeon in Peru eventually
read the "Scrutinium Script
urum," at the age of 18, he was
deeply disturbed and, instead of
finding confirmation for his
Catholic faith, he felt stronger
about Judaism, Liebman said.
"Young Francisco became a
believing Jew, but still out
wardly observed some of
the Catholic practices. In an ef
fort to convert a sister, who
had remained a devout Catho-
lllll We are proud to announce , . .
DOROTHY BILDERBACK
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The reform movement in the I tions, establishes that all land
1860's overthrew a feudal gov
ernmcnt which was choking
back progress.
The 1910 revolution, known
in Mexico today as The Revo
lution, was a social explosion
against repression that had
reached unbearable degree un
der Porfirio Diaz, a military
hero who clung to power until
overthrown by the Francisco
Madero insurgent movement.
Following a decade of bloody
civil war, during which an es
timated million lives were lost,
Mexico adopted a new ad-
00
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Modern Has Black Pipe and Fittings in Stock
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SHOP MODERN FOR EVERY DAY LOW PRICESI
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IN THE MEDFORD SHOPPING CENTER
rjtv.
and waters are originally prop
erty of the nation, and that pri
vate property originates by the
transfer of public property.
As a result of the provisions
of Article 27, Mexico was able
to expropriate the foreign
owned petroleum properties in
1938. The government by then
already owned the railroad sys
tem, and the domestic tele
graph system, and later ac
quired the international lines,
as well as radio communica
tions. Last August, the Mexi
can Telephone Company gave
the government a 40 per cent
interest and a place on the
board of directors.
Three years ago the govern
ment bought out the electric
power systems owned by two
international combines, and
there has been official talk
about taking over all Mexican
airlines and setting up a single
Mexican flag line.
The government also owns
steel mills, meat packing
plants, motion picture theaters
fertilizer plants, hotels, auto
mobile assembly plants, and
many other industries and
businesses.
.lobs Arc Scarce
Labor is cheap and the labor
market is chronically over
crowded. That is why this
country has accepted, with
some reluctance, the annual
temporary emigration of sever
al hundred thousand farmhands
(braceros) to the United States.
The braceros also bring in a
substantial amount of dollar
a i exchange. And their oxo'tns
helps relieve some of the cco-
nomic pressure, especially in
the rural areas.
I The daily minimum v;i''r in
Mexico City is 17.50 pesos (un
! dor $1.50 in U.S. money), and
in most other places it has
i been much lower. Assembly
line sKitied workers in most
! plants earn in a day what their
counterparts make in an hour.
More than a million of Mexi-1
co's total estimated population
I of 3H million do not speak the
c o ti n t r y's language. Spanish.
The ;t() or more native tribes
in various parts of the country
speak that many dialects.
Although education has made
great strides (the government
spends more in this field than
it does on the armed forces),
; the actual number ot illiter
ates in the country is greater
than 20 years ago. But (he per
centage of illiteracy has gone
down substantially.
Rural under - development,
in contrast to expanding indus
trialization, accounts for an
other basic problem the lack
of domestic markets to con
sume what the newly built fac
tories can produce This low
purchasing power has slowed
the country's growth, and no
' real solution is in sight.
Health Department
Gives Wives Tips
OLYMP1A, Wash. (ITIl-Thc
Washington State Health De
partment offers this advice to
busy housewives:
"Scramble the work instead
of finishing arduous tasks, one
at a lime, so as to use differ
ent sets of muscles.
"Avoid hurrying. Frequent
short rest periods are more val
uable than one long rest period
alter a job is done.
"Don't sit loo long in one
position "
C'.U'SK
SPOKANE. Wash ( LTD The
Federal Aviation Agency says
SI per cent of weather
associated airplane accidents
involve private pilots with a
portion" involving flyers
not obtain weather
;s even though the serv-
available.
11 involve p
is "large poi
1 1 who did
JU briefings i
id ice was f
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