MKDFUKU .MAIL TK1BUNK. AlbUFOKl), OKEfciO hUNUAY, OCTOBER 20. 1963 g j
Witnesses Make Pilgrimage To Plead for Action To Curb Air Pollution
By MARGARET A. K1LGORE
United Press International
WASHINGTON (UPI) - Con
gress has been asked to help
take death out of the air we
breathe.
A steady stream of witnesses
have made the ' pilgrimage to
Capitol Hill to plead for federal
action to curb air pollution, the
unwanted child of a prospering
economy.
The most alarmed point to
smog-plagued Los Angeles, or to
London in 1952 when 2.000 per
sons died from polluted air.
Others admit there is a prob
lem, but say it is not yet a
menace and could be ended by
a not-too-expensive appropria
tion from Congress.
Local Level Problem
Still others say there is no
need for congressional legisla
tion that pollution can be
stopped on the local level.
In Congress, the House al
ready has passed a cleaner air
bill. The Senate still is to decide
but the consensus is that there
will be no action at this session.
Out of the wealth of testimony
presented to Congress, two
things are certain pollution
does exist in some degree all
over the nation, but it can be
remedied, and has been in some
places.
In Pittsburgh, the street lights
burn only at nights now. The
reason: the city moved to curb
the blanket of soot that once
hung over the steel-making cen
ter. Air Is Filtered
In Chicago, the average house
holder's cleaning bills have been
cut by $41 a year because offi
cials moved to filter the air.
These two industrial cities
have been leaders in the fight
to abolish "sewers in the sky."
Pittsburgh Mayor Joseph Barr
says "Our efforts initially were
aimed at restricting the use of
coal which produced heavy
smoke. Thousands of homeown
ers changed from coal to nat
ural gas for home heating. Die
sel locomotives replaced nearly
1,000 steam engines in use
around the city." Cooperation
among the citizens produced the
solution, he said.
Different cities have different
problems because of variances
in climates and fuels.
Automobile Exhaust
In Los Angeles, the main prob
lem is automobile exhaust. In
London, it's coal smoke. In New
York City, it is ash and smoke
from burning garbage and from
oil refineries across the Hudson
river in New Jersey.
Elsewhere, it is smoke and
dust and smells from steel mills,
cement works, power plants,
smelters, oil refineries, paper
mills and chemical plants.
Industrial air pollution can be
reduced significantly by obtain
ing the right kind of device.
For example, an electrostatic
precipitator mounted in a fac
tory chimney picks the soot and
fly-ash out of the smoke. It
works by electromagnetic at
traction in the same way a glass
rod rubbed with silk picks up
bits of paper.
Problem of Devices
Other devices mix the escap
ing gases with water in a whirl
ing cyclone, run them through
filter bags like those of a vac-
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uum cleaner, or expose them to
chemicals which capture the va
pors. The problem with all of
them is that they cost money-
lots of money.
A catalytic cracking unit in
an oil refinery may cost $7 mil
lion. Smog control equipment
for it costs S3 million. An open
hearth furnace in a steel plant
may cost $200,000. A smoke con
trol device attached to it costs
another $150,000. The little dry
cleaning shop on the corner may
need a carbon filter. And that
costs about $3,000.
Aside from the obvious nui
sance value of dirty air, there
is considerable controversy as
to how much health is adversely
affected from pollution.
Classic Examples Cited
The classic examples which
are cited to show the danger of
pollution to health occurred in
Donora, Pa., in October, 1948,
where one-third of the popula
tion of 14,000 became ill and 17
died from chemical air pollution.
In December, 1953, New York
City was pinned under an "in
version" that trapped filthy
waste between layers of air
making the air unfit even le
thal for human lungs. The
week-long smog was blamed for
more than 200 deaths.
London has different problems
with a pea soup fog, which
rolls in frequently, and only last
December claimed 340 lives.
Following this disaster, the
British passed a clean air act
designed to reduce pollution. Im
proved coal burning practices
required by that act have re
duced the amount of particle
matter in the air.
The National Tuberculosis as
sociation, which keeps close tabs
on the environmental effects to
health, says, "Air pollution and
its effects on health, while not
precisely definable at present,
are probably significant over the
course nf vears."
Putting the Donora and Lon
don fogs disasters in perspec
tive, the association said:
"It is easy enough to recog
nize the threat of air pollution
when an acute local episode such
as these incidents reach the
headlines.
"But, in all probability, the
State Education
Board Will Meet
SALEM Proposed rules gov-
erning distribution of the Basic
School Support fund for pupils
enrolled in non-public schools
who attend public schools on a
part time basis will be consider
ed by the State Board of Educa
tion at the meeting Tuesday,
Oct. 22, in Salem.
The rules indicate that these
pupils may be included by the
public school district in claims
for Basic School Support Fund
aid.
Total days membership for
such pupils would be determined
by totaling the number of hours
of public school instruction
which was provided in the reg
ular session for all of the non
public school pupils and dividing
by six.
Average daily membership
would equal the total days mem
bership as computed and divided
by the number of days actually
taught during the regular ses
' sion in the public schools where
', they attended.
! School district reorganization
and possible boundaries for a
proposed Mid Columbia Area
Education District also will be
among other matters to be
brought before the board.
PORTLAND (UPI) Bruce
Kelly announced his resignation
Thursday as conductor of the
nationally-known Forest Grove
Gleemen and Girls.
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very people who were felled in
these disasters were those who
had already become chronically
disabled by respiratory disease.
One certainly wonders if the
day-to-day exposure to the same
air pollution at lower levels over
periods of years might not have
been just as important as the
dramatic episode that took their
lives."
Testifies at Hearing
Sen. Abraham A. Ribicoff, D
Conn., sponsor of a bill to put
the federal government domi
nantly in the research field to
obtain clean air, testified in
congressional hearings on the
health aspects.
'Leading scientists feci that
air pollution may have a good
deal to do with aggravating
heart conditions and increasing
susceptibility to such respiratory
diseases as asthma and bron
chitis," Ribicoff said. But no
body knows tor sure.
So who is to blame and what
can be done about it?
Industries certainly come out
as the prime villains, but they
have tried to cooperate, prod
ded by local ordinances and
civic pride.
Their standard objections to
pollution control equipment has
been cost "You'll drive jobs
out of town," or "It will price
our product out of the market.
Willing To Clean Up
Actually, in many cities, a
company has shown to be quite
willing to be compelled to clean
up, provided its competitors are
rorced to go to the same ex
pense. The states have helped some.
Figures from the Senate Public
Works committee show that one
third of the states have estab
lished programs to deal with
pollution, but most of these are
limited in scope.
Local government programs,
where they exist, are generally
understaffed and without suffi
cient financial means to act ef
fectively. Only 34 local programs across
the nation have annual budgets
exceeding $25,000 and seven of
these are in California. Of the
other 51 local air pollution con
trol agencies, 21 try to function
on less than $10,000 a year. In
the past decade, despite a 30
per cent increase in urban pop
ulation, there has been, outside
of California, no overall increase
in manpower to combat air pol
lution at the local level.
Major Pollution Problems
It has been estimated that in
1961, major air pollution prob
lems existed in 308 urban places.
This represents an increase of
84 in a decade, the committee
said.
About 7,300 places, housing 60
per cent of the population, are
confronted with air pollution of
one kind or another, the com
mittee concluded.
The federal government did
not enter the clean air fight to
any degree until 1955 when it
passed a law authorizing the
Public Health Service to study
control.
This was followed up in 1960
by a law directing the surgeon
gen'-al to study the problem of
motor vehicle exhausts and their
effect on human health. This
has resulted in filters called
"blowbys" being required in
several states. They (it on car
exhaust pipes.
'Smog' Alert System
Only this month, a "smog"
alert system was put into oper
ation by the Public Health Serv
ice and the U. S. Weather Bu
reau. It is considered unlikely that
Congress will take final action
this session, but Sen. Edmund
S. Muskie, D-Maine, has con
ducted public hearings this sum
mer on what the federal govern
ment should do in the field.
The House has passed a bill,
sponsored by Rep. Kenneth! A.
nooerts, u-Ala., which provides
$5 million in grants to be marln
for research each year with a
four-year limitation. .-: ':
Ktbicoff's bill would provide
federal grants totaling $74 mil
lion to studv air nollution raiisa
and effects over a 10-year peri-
oa.
The Kennedy administration
is known to back the bills, but
favors providing an unlimited
time for research with Congress
making annual, unspecified appropriations.
OUR TOPS
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DIFFERENCE IS SIIOWN-Congress has been asked to help take
death out of the air. Pittsburgh, Pa., has done a great deal to
decrease smog, as these "before" (top) and "after" (bottom)
pictures show. The view is toward downtown Pittsburgh from
Liberty Tubes before smoke control and after in April, 1951. (UPI)
Grading Completed
On 13-Mile Section
Of Mountain Road
Grading on a 13-mile section
of the Lake of the Woods high
way has been completed and
approximately 96 per cent of
the sub-base surfacing has been
done, according to F. L. Som
ers, project contractor.
The project, under construc
tion for the past three years,
is a bureau of public roads con
tract. It is part of the Winne-mucca-to-the-Sea
route.
Somers said that with the
completion of sub-base surfac
ing in about two weeks a bitu
minous surfacing will be placed.
An additional five-mile sec
tion also is under construction
to the west of the Somers proj
ect. This section joins the pres
ent highway east .of Browns
boro which is paved to the
boundary of the Rogue River
National forest.
Being Reconstructed
The latter project, in the vi
cinity of McAllister Soda
Springs, is being reconstructed
due to slides in the area. Con
tractor is Thomas J. Parker
and Associates Inc., Ashland.
While the highway is pass
able, heavy construction with
some one-way traffic, will be
encountered, particularly in the
western end of the projects, it
was noted. Except for the 18-
mile section, the highway be
tween Highway 62 and Upper
Klamath lake is paved.
Somers noted that moisture
content in the materials in the
construction area has hamper
ed work, making it difficult to
obtain fill material which meets
federal specifications.
Passing Lane
When completed the highway
will be 48-foot width except in
hill sections where the two lane
road will be increased to three
lanes, for uphill passing. The
high-standard all-weather paved
road, when completed, will have
no grade steeper than 6 per
cent and no curve greater than
10 degrees.
Since 1959 the project has
cost nearly $4 million. Contracts
which remain to be let will
be the paving of the 18-mile
section.
At a meeting of the Winne-mucca-to-thc-Sea
Highway asso
ciation in Winncmucca, Nev.,
last month, the group urged
that the road be brought into
the Oregon highway road sys
tem and given a number.
This step is necessary, it was
explained, before a uniform
route number can be assigned
the overall route from Crescent
City, Calif., to Winnemucca.
Association Will
Carry Out Project
Differently in '63
Jackson County Mental Health
association will carry out Its an
nual Christmas gift project in a
cliltereni manner mis year De
cause of the reorganzation of the
State Hospital into geographic
units, spoKesmen lor tnc associ
ation have announced.
Jackson county is now in unil
VI, which also includes Jose
phine, Douglas, Coos and Curry
counties. It is estimated that this
oi-nn will hnm nhnlll !UHI hnsm-
talized patients this year for
wnom ine jacKson coumy asso
ciation wishes to provide gifts.
Gifts for the approximately 300
nnranns will hf SnlifilpH fl'OlTl
business, church groups and oth
er organizations.
Chairman of Project
Mrs Hprhprt Clifford is chair
man of the local committee and
will Hiroci thp nroeram. Officers
of the association arc the Rev.
Fred Evans, president; Mrs.
Phyllis Pesenti, vice president;
Mrs. Bruno Rath, secretary, and
Mrs. Chester Guches, treasurer.
Mrs. Robert Minear, assisted
by Mrs. Una B. Inch will serve
as liaison person for the hospital
project and for the Fairview
Home, two separate projects.
Mrs rathrvn Snrinecr. direc
tor of social services for the
State Hospital at Salem, wrote,
in urging early action on the
project, "Christmas in October?
No. It is just that now is the
time to begin planning for the
Christmas gifts project for our
patients. One ol tnc ricnesi Den
r;tc nut- nntinnts have is the
service provided by the people of
the community 10 inane me
more meaningful here.
Budget Restrictions
"Budget restrictions and lack
of trained personnel means that
only with your contributions will
it be possible to provide, for all
our patients, especially those
without family or funds who
would otherwise he forgotten."
During October and Novem
ber the committees in charge of
ioci will ask members to
help in getting to individuals
and groups specuic imormauun
about the project.
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Recreation
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Woodburn, Oregon -I'm
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