Grant Promoted; Rosecrans Out
By MERTON T. AKERS
United Press International
A special train from the East
pulled into the Indianapolis
depot on Oct. 17, 1863 just as
the Louisville train was about
to pull out.
A messenger ran from the
special and ordered the Louis
ville train held. Then a man
left the special, hastened along
the platform and swung aboard
the Lousville train. There he
met the ma. he wanted to see.
The man who hastily left the
special train was V. S. Secre
tary of War Edwin M. Stanton.
The man he greeted was Maj.
Gen. Ulysses S. Grant. They
never had met before. Further
more Grant was in the dark
about why he had been sum
moned all the way from Vicks
burg. Miss., via Cario, 111., to
meet "an officer of the War
Department.
Handed Two Orders
They introduced themselves
and Stranton handed Grant two
orders, signed by President
Lincoln.
Stanton told Grant to accept
whichever he preferred.
The orders were identical ex
cept for one provision. They
made Grant chief of a new
Division of the Mississippi. The
new division comprised all the
Union armies west of the Alle
ghany Mountains except the
command of Maj. Gen. Na
thaniel P. Banks in the south
west. One order left departmental
commanders as they were. The
other replaced Maj. Gen.
Williams S. Rosecrans as head
of Chattanooga, Tenn., by Maj.
Gen. George H. Thomas.
Grant accepted the order re
placing Rosecrans.
For Grant this was more
much more than a dramatic
meeting on a train and a pro
motion, as great as that was. It
meant that Sam Grant, a cap
tain the Army didn't want less
than 10 years ago, now com
manded more than half of the
armies of the Republic in the
vast area from the eastern
mountains to a vague frontier
fading some place in western
Kansas and the Indian Terri
tory. For Lincoln and Stanton it
meant the first unified com
mand in the West during the
War and foreshadowed a Union
national command to come.
It meant also to the President
and the war secretary that they
had found a general who fought
the enemy where he found it
and with the troops and war
material he had. No excuses
. . . no alibies ... no carping
about supplies ... no unsolicited
advice about how to run the
government. . .
Lincoln now had in a key spot
the general of whom he had
said:
"I can't spare this man; he
fights."
Talked All Day
Stanton and Grant arrived in
Louisville in a cold drizzling
rain and talked all day in the
Salt house about the military
problems in the West, chief of
which was the plight of Rose
crans at Chattanooga. He was
besieged by the Confederate
Army of Tennessee under Gen.
Braxton Bragg. Rosecrans army
was recovering from its defeat
at Chickamauga but food and
forage was scarce.
The conference concluded,
Stanton retired for the night.
He had caught cold and his
asthma returned. The general
and Mrs. Grant went out to
visit relatives in the evening.
While he was gone Stanton re
ceived a message from Charles
A. Dana, assistant secretary of
war, who was in Chattanooga.
Unless prevented, he said Rose
crans would retreat from the
key city.
Roused from sleep by the
messenger, Stanton became agi
tated as he was likely to do
GRAVEDIGGER DIES
WOTTON - UNDER - EDGE,
England (UPI) Gravedigger
Horace Webb, 62, collapsed and
died in his churchyard Friday
minutes after digging a grave
for a cousin who was being
buried today.
IIP
under stress. Where was Grant?
Someone find him quickly!
Guests and employees of the
hotel were bidden to send the
general to Stanton's room the
moment he appeared.
"About eleven o'clock I re
turned to the hotel," Grant
wrote in his memoirs, "and on
my way, when near the house,
every person I met was a mes
senger for the Secretary, ap
parently partaking of his
impatience to see me. I
hastened to the room of the
Secretary and found him pac
ing the floor in his dressing
gown.
"Saying the retreat must be
prevented, he showed me the
dispatch.
"I immediately wrote an
order assuming command of
the Division of the Mississippi,
and telegraphed it to General
Rosecrans. I then telegraphed
to him the order from Washing
ton assigning Thomas to the
command of the Army of the
Cumberland; and to Thomas
that he must hold Chattanooga
at all hazards. . ."
Soon the answer came from
Thomas.
"We will hold the town till
we starve," "Old Pap" Thomas
replied.
"I appreciated the force ' of
this dispatch later when I wit
nessed the condition of affairs
which prompted it," Grant
wrote.
Couldn't Keep Secret
Rosecrans was out on an in
spection tour when the order re
lieving him arrived. One of his
generals, Gorden Granger, read
it and laid it on Rosecrans' desk.
But Granger could not keep
the secret and told it under the
seal of secrecy to Maj. Gen.
Daniel Butterfield, chief of staff
for Maj. Gen. Joseph Hooker,
who rode into headquarters
from Bridgeport, Ala., where
reinforcements from the Army
of the Potomac were stationed.
Rosecrans returned about
dusk and read the order. He
took it "coolly and composedly,
exhibiting neither surprise nor
chagrin," Col. John P. Sander
son of his staff reported.
THIS
i?WAS THE
CIVIL WAR
SECTION B
MEDFORD,
PAGES 1 to S
Tribune
MEDFORD. OREGON, MONDAY, OCTOBER 14, 1963
SLUfkfor Sift.,,
ZDlcrtC WEST
Englishmen Still
Prefer Cricket
I 1
LINCOLN'S ORDERS On Oct. 17, 1863, Sec
retary of War Edwin Stanton met at Indian
apolis with Maj. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant. Stanton
gave Grant- two orders signed by President
Lincoln and told him to accept whichever one
he preferred. The orders were identical except
for one provision. They made Grant chief of a
new division of the Mississippi, comprising all
Union armies west of the Alleghany Moun
tains except the command of Gen. N. P. Banks
in the southwest. One order left departmental
commanders as they were; the other replaced
Maj. Gen. William S. Rosecrans as head of the
Army of the Cumberland at Chattanooga. He
was to be replaced with Maj. Gen. George H.
Thomas. Grant accepted the order replacing
Rosecrans. Here, in photos from the Depart
ment of the Interior, are from left, Thomas,
Grant and Rosecrans. (UPI)
Rosecrans sent for Thomas
and when "Old Pap" arrived
handed the dispatch to him
without comment.
"Slowly and solemnly,"
Thomas read the order. Rose
crans reported, "turning pale
and drawing his breath harder
as he proceeded."
Rosecrans went on to say to
Thomas that "no cloud of doubt
will ever come into my mind as
to your fidelity to friendship
and honor."
Saying he could not bear to
take leave of his troops, Rose
crans departed early the next
morning for Cincinnati to await
orders.
Rosecrans always denied that
he was going to retreat from
Chattanooga and attributed his
removal from command to the
ill will of Stanton and Grant.
He had formulated a plan to
break the stranglehold the Con
federates had clamped on his
supply line.
But the plight of Chattanoo
ga was critical whether Rose
crans was planning to retreat
or not and Grant applied him
self to the problem.
He arrived at Thomas' head
quarters on Oct. 23. He still was
crippled from a fall off his
horse in New Orleans several
weeks before and walked with
crutches. He had to be lifted on
and off his horse.
Excellent Suggestions
On the way he had met Rose
crans at Stevenson, Ala.
"He made some excellent sug
gestions as to what should be
done (in Chattanooga)," Grant
wrote, adding, "my only wonder
was that he had not carried
them out."
Thomas received Grant cold
ly and so did other officers who
had served with Rosecrans.
Colonel Sanderson wrote that
"most of the officers and men
feel cool, doubtful and distrust
ing." He thought Grant was "a
clever and affable gentleman"
but "not a great man."
The next day Grant, his staff,
Thomas and Brig. Gen . W. F.
(Baldy) Smith, engineering of
ficer, went over the ground. At
one point on the Tennessee Riv
er the party was within musket
shot of a Confederate picket but
was not fired on. Grant took
this to mean the Rebels were
confident they could take the
city by stravation.
Grant then ordered the sup
ply line "cracker line" the
soldiers called it opened at
once, using the plan Rosecrans
and his officers had worked out.
United Press International
WASHINGTON (UPI) - In
view of all that has been hap
pening in England recently, it
was reassuring to chat with
three policewomen from that
country.
The lady cops, who were here
in a goodwill visit, were the
very essence of stability and re
spectability. I could tell that if they caught
someone like Christine Kceler
swimming in the nude they
would pinch her immediately.
As who wouldn't?
In fact. Miss Jean Stewart,
who is a police superintendent
on the Lancashire County force,
brushed aside my query about
the sex problem in England.
Prefers Cricket
She made it plain that the
average Englishman still pre
ferred cricket, so we talked
about police business instead.
The superintendent and the
other two policewomen, Wini
fred Cross and Sheila Crigall,
were driving an MG sports car,
which is the same type of ve
hicle they use for patrol work
back home.
Miss Stewart said lady cops
in police-equipped sports cars
were quite common in England.
The Lancashire County force,
which is the second 'argest in
England, has been using police
women on general duty since
1914 and now has 122 in its
ranks.
Miss Stewart said lady cops
work out quite well because
England has less crime than
the United Status nnrl
male police usually go about
unarmed.
"We don't work Ihrnnoh
strength," she said, "we work
through tact."
Not The Same
I told Miss Stewart that if the
police in Washington left off
their guns every bank in the
city would be emptied by night
fall. Miss Stewart said things'
were different in England.
"If we carried guns, it might
encourage others to start carry
ing them," she said.
I asked Miss Stewart how
they could apprehend a law
breaker without being armed
and she said they used persua
sion. "Courage isn't physical in the
British police," she said. "It's
mostly patience."
Because there are relatively
fewer crimes, police in England
have more time to serve the
public in other ways, she ex
plained. "We get a lot of calls from
women who imagine that some
one's putting bricks through
their letter boxes," she said.
One of the other lady rops
commented that police in Eng
land also are kept busy inves
tigating complaints from people
who claim they have seen
"strange lights."
I left the interview more con
vinced than ever that "there'll,
always be an England.
Portland University
Enrollment Hits 1,750
PORTLAND (UPI) -Enroll,
ment for the fall semester at
the University of Portland was
1,750, final registration figures
showed Saturday.
Enrollment for the fall semes
ter last year was 1,756.
JFK, Pearson Discuss
Great Lakes Dispute
WASHINGTON (UPI) - Pres.
ident Kennedy discussed the
Great Lakes Maritime disputa
Saturday with Canadian Prime
Minister Lester Pearson and
expressed hope that it can be
settled "quickly, fairly and with
out further misunderstanding."
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COFFEE
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Prieti fftctivt Thru Wtdnndiy, Oct. 16th
(a)