Indians of American Plains Known
For Effectiveness With Bow, Arrow
SEATTLE (UPI) - The In.
dians of the American Plains,
who slowed the westward-moving
pioneers, may not have had
the most modern weapons, but
they had plenty of firepower in
their bows and arrows flaming
or otherwise.
At least the whites who were
contemporary do not seem to
have felt that all the odds in
weaponry were against the red
man.
Here is the opinion on the sub
ject as published by an Army of
ficer's wife in 1868:
"Popular opinion has regard
ed the Indian bow and arrow as
something primitive and well
enough for the pursuit of game,
but quite useless in a contest
with the white man. This idea
would be excellent if the Indian
warriors would calmly march
up in line of battle and risk
their masses so armed against
others armed with the rifle. But
Indian comes as the hornet
comes, in clouds or singly, yet
never trying to sting until his
ascendency is assured and his
own exposure is slight.
Rapid Fire
"At fifty yards a well-sharpen,
iron-pointed arrow is dangerous
and very sure. A handful drawn
from the quiver and discharged
successively will make a more
rapid fire than that of the re
volver, and at very short range
will farther penetrate a piece of
plank or timber than the ball of
an ordinary Colt's Navy
pistol . . .
"The bows of Ogillalla and
Brule Sioux, Arapahoes, Chey
ennes. and most of the Indians
east of the Rocky Mountains,
are form 32 to 40 inches long,
of great elasticity and tension,
so that they can easily drive
an arrow through a two-i n c h
plank, and even through a man
or buffalo."
This on-the-spot reporting is
quoted by Ralph W. Andrews
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in a book just published by Su
perior Publishing Company, Se
attle. .
In the book, "Indians as the
Westerners Saw Them," An
dews ignores the story of the
period as set down years after
wards by professional histor
ians. Instead he presents ac
counts by early settlers "who
had actual contacts with the In
dians and wrote down what they
saw and thought."
This approach corrects some
misapprehensions and also adds
data in areas not usually cover
ed by the historians.
An account of Sioux Indians
published in the Omaha Bee
about 1886 or 1887 discussed the
Indians' selection of personal
names.
Selections Unchaste
"One remarkable feature of
the Indian nomenclature is that
the selections are frequently un
chaste and at times shockingly
indecent," the report said. "Al
though they have instincts of
modesty, such as discounten
ance of exposure of persons or
lewdness of any character,
there is no such thing as vul
garity in the speech of the In
dian. "All themes are open to men
tion in the presence of both men
and women, and matters on
which we would feel the utmost
delicacy are freely discussed
between them. The propriety of
this is insured by the innocence
in which custom allows it. The
Indian knows nothing of the sa
lacious, filthy converse largely
common to his more enlightened
white brother.
"He cannot appreciate the vi
cious pleasure excited by a vul
gar yarn, for him the subject is
matter-of-fact and not under the
ban of indecency."
SEEKS LICENSE
MINNEAPOLIS, Minn. (UPI)
Cargill Inc., Minneapolis, said
Saturday it has applied for an
export license to sell grain to
Communist Hungary.
Cooper Space Craft
To Go On Display
WASHINGTON (UPD-Astro-naut
L. Gordon Cooper's "Faith
7" space capsule will be dis
played at Salem next May 7-10,
Sen. Wayne Morse (D-Ore.) has
announced.
The visit of the spacecraft to
the Oregon capital will be made
as part of a nationwide tour
arranged by the National Aero
nautics and Space administration.
High Morale in School Creates Efficient Operation;
By DAVID NYDICK
t'PI Education Specialist
Morale has an important ef
fect upon a school and its pro
gram. High morale creates an
attitude which leads to an en
thusiastic and efficient opera
tion. This is normaly true of
any organization.
In a school with god morale
teachers and students seem to
solve problems with a minimum
of distrubance. If the morale is
poor, minor problems build into
major difficulties.
r
fee-' H -
Lk-: w k,,,,,, J L ..,....,., r.,i-
SELASSIE AT UN -- His Imperial Majesty, Emperor Haile
Selassie I of Ethiopia, left, is greeted by UN Secretary General
Thant as the former arrives at the world organization for lunch
eon. The emperor, in New York on an official visit, was given a
ticker tape parade along the city's "canyon of steel". (UPI)
Morale is complex in that it
involves all areas of the school
program. It also appears to be
contagious. One unhappy group
tends to create other unhappy
groups. The reverse is also true.
Satisfied individuals and groups
tend to influence others to feel
the same.
Components Overlap
If this attitude is so important.
we should consider its makeup
and how it develops. The many
components of morale are close
ly related and therefore overlap
considerably.
The students, staff, and par
ents should feel that they belong
to and are an important part of
the organization. In .this way
they become personaly respon
sible for its successful opera
tion. This brings about a pride
in themselves and the school.
Individuals who know that
their opinions are seriously con
sidered feel important. They be
gin to have respect for their
own ability. Others respect
them. There is a strong feeling
that the quality of the school
program is a result of their ef
forts. Students can he given the op
portunity to participate in a stu
dent government or other simi
lar activities. Sports also play a
major role. In addition, students
will be deeply affected by their
success in learning. It is only
natural to feel good about some
thing in which one is sucessful.
Must Be Respected
Teachers need to feel that
they are professionals. Their
opinions should be solicited and
used. They should take on im
portant responsibilities. They
must be respected.
Parents should be given the
chance to plan and be rcspon-1
sible for certain school activi
ties. They should become aware
of the quality of the school pro
gram. They must be convinced
that the school is continuously
improving and that they play
an important role in this growth.
In an organization morale is
a reflection of the administra
tion. The. school principal's ap
proach and attitude influences
the approach and attitude of
teachers. Parents and students
will also reflect these attitudes.
Morale depends upon felings of
individual worth and cooperation.
Actually morale is a result of
every aspect of the school's ac
tivities. They cannot be separat
ed. Individuals and the groups
to which they belong must fel
a sense of accomplishment and
pride in themselves, the groups,
and the total school.
If your schol has warmth and
personality, it probably has high
morale.
kJf A T T
MedfordmITribune
SECTION B
MEDFORD, OREGON, MONDAY, OCTOBER 7, 1963
PAGES 1 to 8
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