By DONALD JOHNSTON
I'nilcn Press Internatitaal
MTED NATIONS, NY.
Is Still Major United Nations IHIazaircI
th Congo i problem loaded
with political complexities.
There is no trouble collecting
'LTD The so-called East-West for the regular administrative
amity so far has done nothing
to ease an old familiar United
Nations bugaboo money.
The current 18th General As
sembly session started on Sept.
17 in an atmosphere of optimism
generated by the partial nuclear
lest ban treaty concluded by the
United States, Britain and the
Soviet Union. There was great
hope that the relaxation of cold
w ar tension would open the way
for more international agree
ments and progress by the Unit
ed Nations.
But to veteran hands in the
unrk-a-day operation of the
world organization there was
nne cold, practical factor that
could burst the balloon of high
hopes: the United Nations is
deep in debt and. because of
the money shortage, is danger
ously close tn forfeiting its
primary purpose of maintain
ing peace and security.
Far in Red
By the end of 10U3. the United
Nations will be at least SHU
budget, although there is in
creasing grumbling about the
steady rise in figures. The
budget total for this year was
about $89 million, and estimates
for 19S4 run clost to $100 mil
lion. Though most diplomats
would like to ignore the Congo
matter, it seems likely it will
come to a head in the Assem
bly's fifth (budgetary) com
mittee early next month.
Thant has Assembly authori
zation to spend money in tin
Congo only until Dec. 31. lie
has warned that an extension
of the authorization must
come in October if the supply
lines and troop deployments
are to be maintained without
costly rearrangements.
How the showdown develops,
some diplomats feel, could have
consequences reaching far be
yond the purely monetary con
siderations. Kears Trouble
In a recent report to the Se-
range aspect, of course, is the was $16 million behind in its : Arab countries and diverse . manent formula for financing I ing. A working group charged I opinion, later enacted into U.N.
refusal of the Soviet Union, its payments.
Communist allies, France, South In addition, the Soviet bloc
Africa. RolBinm and snmp nth.!h arrears of $22 million out
ers to pay their shares of Congo j '(or VNEF- j gency bonds and deferral of bill:
cums. u is ineir reiusai mat nas
states in the case of UNEF. , . keening operations
For the past year or so the general principles worked out in
uiiBu iu ucn M-pi Kuuig uva snecial Assembly session last
Efforts Stalled
Efforts to devise
SECTION D
Moscow's argument is that the ' from governments participating
plunged the United Nations so countries responsible for the sit-' in the operation.
deep into debt. uations requiring peacekeeping
As of Aug. 31, U.N. members out'a-vf, hould Pa' l.he .costf'
.... j . . i ii , land a" decisions pertaining to
owed a total $100.5 million forpeace missions Hshould come
the Congo operation, including fIOm the Security Council rath
assessments until the end of this 1 er than the Assembly as with
year. Of this, the Soviet Union OXUC and UNEF.
owed $37 million and the rest of j This attitude is shared gen
the 10-member Soviet bloc (ex- erally by France, Belgium and
eluding Cuba and Yugoslavia) South Africa, among others, in
owed another $13 million. France the case of ONUC, and by the
pring have stalled. The Assem
bly passed a resolution stating
that the economically less de-
: veloped nations should pay less
and the wealthier countries
new per- more, but the details are miss-
with settling this question is In
recess indefinitely.
The whole financial mess
could be tidied up if the Commu
nist nations and France would
accept the Assembly's majority
decision that peacekeeping ex
penses are a collective responsi
bility, and that the World Court
PAGES 1 to 1U
MEDFORMglTRIBlJNE
MEDFORD. OREGON. THURSDAY, OCTOBER 3, 1963
law by the Assembly, that
ONUC and UNEF assessments
are legally binding. Other de
linquents almost surely would
fall in line.
But the Russians and the
French so far have shown no
signs of changing their positions.
Liable To Penalty
This brings up the question of
whether the Assembly will try
to penalize the delinquents. Un
der Article 19 of the charter, a
nation falling two years behind
in payment of its assessments
"shall" lose its vote in the As
sembly. The Soviet Union will
be liable to such penalty on Jan.
1 unless it makes some payment
in the meantime.
Whether t h e other nations
would try to force the Russians
out is a moot point. Most diplo
mats feel that the United Na
tions would lose its impact with
out participation of the Com
munist countries.
At any rate, delegates are re
luctant to face the question
squarely at present. Since there
will be no Assembly session aft
er Jan. 1 until next fall unless
a special session is called there
probably will be no showdown
for a year. And diplomats prefer
to wait and see, and hope for a
"miracle."
million in the red, mainly be-! curity Council, Thant expressed
cause of dues delinquency. The i fears of more trouble in the
organization has little likelihood j Congo if the U.N. troops
of collecting massive arrears of
members, which total S179 mil
lion as of Aug. 31. and lacks a
mutually acceptable means of
financing future peace opera
lions such as the Congo (ONUC)
and the Middle East emergency
force (UNEF) in the Gaza
strip.
Though the financial crisis
has become a familiar tale of
woe since the Congo trouble
erupted in 1060, there is an in
teresting new element this year.
The Soviet Union is nearing the
pulled out at the end of the
year. But he says the force can
be extended in part until next
June, as requested by Congolese
Premier Cyrille Adoula, only if
the Assembly provides the nec
essary money pronto. The force
has been scaled down from its
top strength or more than 18,000
men to approximately 7,000 at
present.
Thant, on the advice of his
military aides, says 6,000 men
are needed to do an adequate
policing job in a vast jungle
point where it could lose its ' country still trying to recover
assembly vote because of dues I from the disunity and destruc
delinquency, a contingency that ' tion wrecked by Katanga's two-
might shake the foundations
around here.
Secretary General Thant has
warned that the United Nations
simply cannot conduct its busi
ness much longer if the treasury
is empty. Last July he called
for a reduction in U.N. activities
even though membership has
grown lo 111 nations from the
original 51, and requests for help
have multiplied.
Suggests Withdrawal
Because of the lack of money,
Thant has suggested the with-
year fight for secession. Such a
force would cost $2o million tor
six months.
The United States, which has
footed nearly 50 per cent of the
$400 million Congo bill since the
beginnings in 1960, believes that
a force of 3,000 would be ade
quate. Other nations involved in
the operation have failed to
reach a concensus on how big
the force should be and how
long it should stay in the Congo.
There is the disquieting con
cern that three years of intim-
drawal of the Congo force, the sive work at high cost in money
main drain on the treasury. And '. and lives might be canceled if
there is talk that he wants ! trie u.N. troops are witnarawn
UNEF. which has been a Mid
dle East fixture since the 1956
Suez crisis, reappraised by the
Assembly with an eye to "phas
ing out" the military force.
U.N. budgetary experts are al
most unanimous in agreeing
thai a clarilication of the fiscal
muddle hinges on Ihe future of
prematurely, and tribal warfare
political rebellion, lawlessness
and economic chaos develop
again. If this were to happen,
many diplomats feel, the whole
image of the United Nations as
a peace-keeping agency could
be destroyed.
A second and more long-
cwspapers Said
Retailer's Major
verfising Medium
SARATOGA SPRINGS, N. Y. ' is one which is constantly stnv
il'PI) The head of one of j jng (0 keep pace with the pat
Ihe nation s largest depart-: (ern of iving preSenting to its
men. stores said today the re-. responsible report of
taller s most important adver- - , . .
lisinc medium is the newspa-; news and special interests as
per.
The statement was made by
David L. Yunich, president of
Macy's of New York, in a
speech prepared for delivery be
lore the annual executive con
lerence of the Gannett news
papers.
i umch.
al the same time.
well as merchandise news."
Yunich said there was a def
inite relationship between news
papers and retailing and their
contribution to society togeth
er is to help society flourish
to grow and prosper.
"We haven't yet learned how
to succeed in retailing without
.ailed on newspapers 10 worh rea trvingi" yunich said,
inward raising advertising j ,.But we "nave cleariy earned
standards even higher to make r.in , xa
certain readers are protected
by half - truths and question
able claims of some businesses.
"Large retailers cannot af
ford to depend on the business
which comes from people who
may walk past their stores.
This is even more true of those
stoves located in remote areas
and in regional shopping cen
ters." Yunich said.
Must Invite People
". . . Therefore.
mii.sl attract people
the one formula that never fails
is to advertise the right goods
at the right time in the
right newspaper.
"When we had to gel along
without this energy during the
very costly newspaper strike,
retailers in New York City
if they didn't already know it
learned how to appreciate
and evaluate the force of news
; paper advertising."
retailers ' j- -very Costly'
tn their : Yunich said that riiinno Ihe
stores. The most powerful way ! strike, some of the retailers
nf doing this for any store is , turned to television,
through good and effective ad- "We concluded that its use
vertising in strong, interesting has to be limited because it is
and widely - read newspapers. 1 a verv costly medium," he said.
"A vital newspaper, from the
et.nl advertiser's point of view.
FAT
OVERWEIGHT
r !- v-u iK-ul a drOrr i
-., "?-". rr drug ca'lcd ODRI-n-X
V-u lei-e ug'v tat in 7
JHl r.r v'.- -"-cney back. No strcn.
;-u- cvc-C':c 'aaties, T-assage
- .mg r' -,o-cal'cd reducing
j'-ic- c-ac-c-s ck-Ci. or
c --4 CCS'NEX ""v
J- r- a-d rg- V -a!'-cd When
. .j -I-C CC MX. vu still enicv
-ca :-. s1' cat nc tocds vou
c r j 'u -'--C'v d-n t have the
f r.f? r--rt'-ns because
.iT'c-.jCi v-u-- a::pe'ie
t- vrur dcs"e tcr toed.
ujt c.-r-e dr.wn. bc--u'
c- dxter i'l tell
v-u C5' 'c-j. cu we'jh
Gc- "d - r;c:,i 'a' and live
C" V.X c-its S3 00 and
A, -n 3latEE If not
f)-d " :n iust -urn
n:-i-e " 4-u;-,'st -d
-:e as
In order to realize a reasona
ble return, merchandise adver
tised on television must be
quickly identifiable and repre
sent conspicuous value.
"For this teason. we found
that it could be used most ef
fectively in major sales events
tor such big - ticket merchan
dise as furniture, floor cover
ing and major appliances.
"We will continue to use tel
evision on the basis that two
and one make three it can
not take the place of retail
ing's dependence on newspaper
advertising, but it may be con
sidered as a valuable supple
mentary medium. The same can
be said for radio advertising "
l .r"'--s aivfl.)
. --, ;ja-an'cf
Tk-Af Store 30
Ml S 'S -.
WKVn
WILL BE SPEAKER
ASHLAND Leonard Robert
son, assistant professor of busi
ness at Southern Oregon col
leg, will be one of Ihe guest
skfrs It the Oregon Business
Wucitif.! association convon-
ti(i Oct. 11 and 12 at Ocean
lake. "Resolutions in Work Ex
perience Programs" will be his
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