MUUKOKU MAIL TUIUL'.NE, MEDI'OKI), OKEtiON
ILl'.MUV. SEPTEMBER 24,
Attitude of States On Integration Big Job for Historian
By AL KUETT.NER
L'PI Correspondent
When the final history of the
racial revolution in the United
States is written, an improtant
point to be analyzed will be the
reaction of the various states
to the advent of integration.
To be explained will be the
paradox of Arkansas where vi
olence erupted in Little Rock
years after desegregation had
come to other sections. There
will be the almost overnight top
pling of Virginia's "massive re
sistance," the neat peaceful
crumbling of Georgia's tough
wall of segregation, and the
pockets of extreme resistence in
North Carolina, a state that
moved early generally into an
attitude of acceptance.
But historians will have one
of their most complicated jobs
explaining the difference in at
titudes between South Carolina
and states like Alabama and
Mississippi. At present, respon
sible leaders in South Carolina
don't like to make comparisons
for fear of "pointing the finger"
at two neighboring sister states
which are going through criti
cal days.
"I suppose in a general way,
it is the decency of the people
of South Carolina and a willing
ness to go along with some
things they plain don't like,"
said a leading segregationist ed
itor of the state.
Then he added: "I guess it
was Fritz Hollings who led the
way."
Ernest F. Hollings, whose
silver tongued oratory had the
sibilance of the South Carolina
low country, was governor while
his state moved to the thresh
hold of integration. He had been
one of the South's toughest pro
ponents of resistance to the 1954
mandate of the Supreme Court's
school decision. As a state's
righter, he had few peers and
many wondered where he would
lead South Carolina when Ne
groes turned up for admission
to white schools.
The integration die was cast
in South Carolina in the waning
months of Hollings' term as gov
ernor when it became obvious
that a Negro, Harvey Gantt, was
headed for admission to Clem
son college.
In his closing address to the
legislature of 1961, Hollings bold
ly initiated the policy that be
came South Carolina's o f f i cial
stand on integration. He said
theirs was a state of law and
order and that violence could
never be tolerated as a substi
tute for law.
Hollings' decision could have
resulted in part from his close
friendship with then Gov. Er
nest Vandiver of Georgia. Vio
lence had erupted at the Uni
versity of Georgia when two Ne
groes were admitted, and Van
diver had asked the legislature
to repeal all segregation laws.
Hollings was succeeded by a
former president of the Univer
sity of South Carolina, Donald
Russell, who presided over the
Your Money's
Worth
By SYLVIA PORTER
Copyright, Hall Syndicate, Inc.
peaceful integration of Clemson
and desegregation of Charleston
public schools.
Another significant figure was
James F. Byrnes, the former
governor and U.S.secretary of
state who was one of the most
militant spokesmen for segrega
tion in the nation a few years
back.
Byrnes has been almost silent.
His strongest statement lately
has been that Gantt would not
be welcome at Clemson. Signif
icantly, Byrnes was a prime
mover in getting Russell elect
ed. This, too, was a key to the
South Carolina policy, the state
had embarked in the Hollings
era on a program of climbing
the economic ladder. Industry
was spreading fast in the cotton
and peanut fields. Business sim-1
ilv was not in favor of turmoil I move does not moan wholesale
that would upset the program. ; acceptance of integration. When
This was communicated to the ' Byrnes was governor in the
governor. 1 1950s, he put across a bill abol-
Take Other Approach ! ishing the compulsory school
Alabama and Mississippi, so act. Russell has not tried to get
far, have taken a different ap-, it restored, although the prob
proach. Top leadership of the j lem of school dropouts is his
two slates has dug in for all- major administrative program,
out resistance or a retreat j In Charleston, where 11 Ne
trench by trench. groes desegregated white
South Carolina's peaceful : schools this month, parents
L.A. POPULATION IP
LOS ANGELES (UPI
est figures from the city plan-j SYRACUSE, N. Y. (UPD
ning director's office today plac- j Former Vice President Richard
n LaJ Nixon Warns on Overselling Treaty
ed the City of Los Angeles' pop
ulation at a record 2,6.'U,000
an increase of 152,405 over the
19(i0 census.
have organized a private school
program. It will be financed
partly by state tuition grants,
a project backed in the legisla
ture by the governor.
M. Nixon, in what was viewed
as a major policy speech,
warned Monday night against
the "over-selling" of the recent
ly negotiated limited nuclear
test ban treaty.
The one-t i m e presidential
hopeful, who denied any aspira
tions for the 1964 nomination,
also urged Republicans to
unify their liberal and conserva
tive factions because he said thn
party "can't afford a terribla
bloodletting."
Nixon predicted the test ban
treaty would be "overwhelming
ly approved" by the Senate, but
cautioned that approval will bn
marked by a stepped-up Soviet
offensive to extend Communism,
without war in the free world.
ARE WE HEAD OVER HEELS IN INSTALLMENT DEBT?
We are now at the point where 13.6 per cent of every dollar
we take home after taxes is committed just to repay our out
standine installment debts an all-time high ratio and com
paring with a tiny 3.4 per cent at World War IPs end in 1945,
onlv 11 Der cent 10 years ago.
The 13 per cent level has been tagged as the "magic maxi
mum of after-tax dollars which tamuies are ame or wining to
earmark for installment debt repayments. For years economists
have been saying that when this level is reached we start con
centrating on paying off our bins and cutting DacK on spenaing
Yet, we're now well through the magic maximum, stiu oorrow
ing freely
Our installment debts alone in July totaled almost $51 billion,
up $500 million in a month, up $5 billion in a year. The rate
of rise in our installment debts in the past 12 months has dwarfed
the rate of rise in our after-tax personal incomes.
Thus, the mounting worry that we're overloading ourselves
with installment debts, in addition to what we owe on mortgages
and other types of loans.
The concern goes far beyond the plight of the family
caught in a debt squeeze, for If we are at a danger point
and we start curtailing our rat of spending, we'll slap a
brake on our entire economy.
Are we then crashing the debt barrier?
Few responsible experts will answer with an unqualified
"No," but most are not worried if certain developments occur.
Specifically, the answer is we are not at a danger point if con
sumer incomes continue to rise, if consumers have confidence
in their jobs and income prospects, if reasonable restraints are
maintained over on-the-cuff buying terms.
They are big "its," but the belief is that across-the-board
lax reduction would resolve the first two "ifs" on the plus side.
For the tax cut would leave extra spending dollars in the pockets
of taxpayers the nation over and the stumulant to business
would keep personal incomes and business profits in a rising
trend.
As for controls over on-the-cuff buying, both government
and self-regulatory bodies in the lending field are now publicly
warning against undue relaxation of terms, are closely watching
the trends, are comforted by the comparatively low rate of
loan delinquencies.
A first reassuring point about our installment debt load is
that family incomes and savings are at, and persistenly climb
ing to, unprecedented peaks laying the basis for healthy con
sumer borrowing.
Personal incomes in July rose to an annual rate of over
SIKI billion, almost S21 billion higher than in mid-summer
1962. In the second quarter of 196.1. net new savings of In
dividuals in savings accounts, V. S. savings bonds and life
insurance reserves lopped $9 billion, only 6 per cent below
the all-time quarterly high hit earlier this year. We're earn
ing and saving at phenomenal rales even as we borrow at
phenomenal rates, an unusual combination of trends indeed.
A second reassuring point is that our backlog of savings
is enormous. As of mid-year, our accumulated investments in
savings accounts, U. S. savings bonds and life insurance re
serves totaled over $388 billion, a backlog which indicates we
can properly devote a larger proportion of our incomes to debt
repayment. Many families today keep their nesteggs intact
and borrow on the installment plan. They would rather pay
installment debt charges than empty their savings accounts.
A third reassuring point is that as additional millions of
families take on installment debts, this is bound to push up
the ratio of debt repayment to after-tax income. We'll soon be
into the period when the war-born babies will be marrying and,
as they borrow to set up homes of their own, the "magic maxi
mum" may naturally be pierced.
The rore of the matter is maintenance of incomes in a
rising trend. Should they even level off, the ability and willing
ness of families to continue borrowing to buy would be under
mined and the debt picture would darken overnight. The im
portance of early passage oi mai u ounon lax reuutuuu um
grows by the day.
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'61 Chevrolet Impala Sport Sedan one oj 15 Jel-nmoolk litiury Chemlets.
Chevrolet was luxurious before, but
you should see it now. With smart
new' styling, the '64 Chevrolet looks
even longer (but isn't). There's even a
whole new series this year-the Impala
Super Sports -with front bucket seats
as standard equipment. (The new Im
palas and Bel Airs are more luxurious,
too. Even the lowest priced Biscaynes
have new foam-cushioned scats front
and rear and are fully carpeted.) Of
course, you expect more than just
luxury from Chevrolet. A choice of IS
power teams, for instance a 6'and six
Y8's up to 425 hp (optional at extra
cost). And quieter transmissions. Jet
smooth ride with Full Coil suspension.
Flush-and-dry rocker panels, Dclco-
tron generator, self-adjusting brakes
and other low-upkeep features. If
you've ever wondered how luxurious
Chevrolet could get-with all the
extra-cost options there are to choose
from-that's entirely up to you.
mm
jVnc Chttcllt Malibu Suir S;mt( Cuiijic one ! 11 mmkh in three ureal teriet.
You've never seen anything like this
totally new line of cars before. Chevelle is
new in everything but Chevrolet quality.
Chevelle is a good foot shorter than the
big cars, so it parks easily. Yet the interior
of its Body by Fisher gives you a generous
supply of passenger and luggage room.
The ride is surprisingly smooth with a
rugged coil spring at all four wheels. And
not so surprisingly for Chevrolet, the new
Chevelle offers a choice of engines ranging
from an economical 120-hp 6 to a 220-hp
V8 (optional at extra cost). Choose the
Chevelle you like best from the three series
-the Malibu Super Sport, the Malibu and
the 300 Series, eleven models in all at
your Chevrolet dealer's. (This good-looking
Malibu Super Sport maybe?)
THERE'S 5 IN
1 ' I
CHEVROLET, CHEVELLE !, GEW n,C0M
COURTESY CHEVROLET
9TH & BARTLETT
MEDFORD
PHONE 772-6115