MONDAY, SEPTEMBER 23, 19fi3
MEDFOKD MAIL TRIBUNE. MEDKORD, OREGON
mm
CIVIL WAR
Your Money's
AT Your Friendly
WAS THE
Worth
MARK'S
By SYLVIA PORTER
Copyright, Hall Syndicate, Inc.
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SCAPEGOATS SOUGHT Gen. Braxlon Bragg
won a handsome victory for the South and him
self at Chickamauga, but failed to press his
advantage, despite the advice and even the in
sistance of his generals. After the battle, the
Federal Army fell back into Chattanooga. In
stead of hitting them while they were in con
fusion, Bragg did nothing except to lay siege
to the city. He made no military moves, but
tried to make scapegoats out of several of his
subordinates. Two of the generals he attacked
were Lt. Gen. Leonidas Polk and Let. Gen. D.
H. Hill. He brought charges against Polk but
they were dropped and Polk was reinstated.
Hill fared less well. He demanded a court of
inquiry, which never convened, and Hill sat out
the rest of the war. Above, from the Library of
Congress collection, are Bragg, left; Polk, cen
ter, and Hill. (UPI)
Bragg's Generals Protest Stand
By MEIITON T. AKERS
Ul'l uorreopondent
Shooting at the battle of
Chickamauga ended the night
of Sept. 20, 1863 but the fight
ing lingered on for weeks be
hind the lines.
Heads rolled in this "second
battle of Chickamauga."
Gen. Braxton Bragg, having
won a handsome victory on
Chickamauga creek on Sept.
19-20 by routing part of the
Federal Army of the Cumber
land under Maj. Gen. Wiliam
S. Rosecrans and by driving the
rest back into Chattanooga,
Tenn., failed to press his ad
vantage despite the advice,
even insistence of his generals.
After the battle the Federal
armv fell back into the city,
disorganized but still a fighting
force, and began to strengthen
the defense which Bragg and
his army had built before aban
doning the city.
Instead of pursuing the Fed
erals and striking them while
they were in confusion, Bragg
merely began to lay seige to
Chattanooga. His generals pro
tested.
One of them, Lt. Gen. James
Longstreet, who had brought his
corps from the Army of North
ern Virginia, advocated crossing
the Tennessee river above the
city, forcing Rosecrans oift and'
into battle while his army still,
was tending its wounds. Long-1
street spoke glowingly ot driv
ing on to Nashville and' even'
to the Ohio river.
No Military Moves
Lt. Gen. Leonidas Polk, an
Episcopal bishop as well ' as 'a
soldier, also favored exploiting
the victory and doing so rapidly.
But Bragg made no military
moves other than to establish
seige lines and send his cavalry
on a long raid against Rose
crans' supply lines.
He did make, however, some
moves against several of his
subordinates. He picked three
for scapegoats.
The first victum was Polk.
Bragg demanded an explana
tion of Polk's tardy attacks on
the morning of Sept. 20. Polk
did not reply promptly and
Bragg prodded him. Polk re
plied eight days later that he
had ordered Lt. Gen. D. H. Hill
to attack that morning but that
the courier carrying the orders
could not find Hill.
Bragg said the answer was
unsatisfactory and promptly re
lieved Polk from command. lie
sent the bishop to Atlanta,
along with Maj. Gen. Thomas
C. Hindman. Bragg accused
Hindman of failing to attack
the Federals in MeLcmorc's
Cove on Sept. 10 during pre
liminary maneuvering before
the battle.
Polk fought back. He wrote a
personal letter to President Jef
ferson Davis protesting his dis
missal. To his wife. Polk wrote
"the truth is, General Bragg
has made a failure, notwith
standing the success of the bat
tle, and he wants a scapegoat.
Despite Davis' effort to
smooth out the quarrel, Bragg
brough charges against Polk
which the war department dis
missed. Polk was reinstated la
ter but refused to serve under
Bragg and was given another
command.
Court of Inquiry Refused
Hill fared less well. Bragg
said Hill "greatly demoralized
the troops lie commanded, and
sacrificed thousands at Chicka
mauga." Hill demanded a court
of inquiry but it was refused.
He sat out the rest of the war
until nearly the end.
Part of Bragg's resentment
stemmed from a meeting on
.Sept. 26 of Longstreet, Hill and
Polk when they discussed
Brace's "palable weakness and
mismanagement" of the army.
Longstreet wrote to Secretary ol
War James A. heddon and lJolK
to Davis in that vein.
Then on Oct. 4 another in
dignation meeting was held, at
tended by most of the superior
officers of Bragg's army.
This meeting drew up and
sent to Richmond a round robin
letter, an astonishing document
in many wavs
"Two weeks ago this army,
elated by a great victory which
promised to be the most fruit
ful of the war. was in readiness
to pursue a defeated enemy
the round robin read. "Today,
after having been 12 days in line
of battle in the enemy's front
. . . the Army of Tennessee has
seen n new Sebnstopol rise
steadily before its view
it is certain the fruits of the
victory of the Chickamauga
have not escaped our grasp . . .
The army . . . will in a few days
time be thrown strictly on tile
defensive, and may deem itsrlt
fortunate if it escapes from its
THIS
tVEER
The
Flag
Flies
...in
Honor
of...
nfe
luatNi
BRAZIEl p
'Just off Jtckionvill Highway"
MEMORIAL PARK
WEDDING CHAPEL
COLUMBARIUM
1395 Arnold lino
FUNERAL HOME
MAUSOLEUM
, CREMATIONS
: Phono 7737338
present position without dis
aster.
The round robin probably was
written by Maj. Gen. Simon
Buckner. Hill was among the
signers, presumably Polk and
Buckner, too.
Receipt of all the letters in
P.ichmond sent Davis to Bragg's
headquarters.
He "d Hill, Longstreet,
Maj. Gen. B. F. Cheatham, now
commanding Polk's corps, and
Buckner to a meeting.
With Bragg present Davis
asked each officer to give his
views on Bragg's fitness as
army comma 'er.
Kept on Subject
They tried to turn the con
vernation into other channels
hut Davis kept them on the sub'
ject All agreed Bragg should
be removed while the general
sat there and listened.
Ab-mt the ame time Bragg
look a tongue lashing from
Nathan Bedford Forrest, ag
gressive Confederate cavalry
leader, then a brigadier general.
Bragg had taken Forrest's
troops for a raid without saying
why. Forrest lost his temper,
wrote a blistering letter to
uragg and follow-d it up on
norseuack.
Forrest entered Bragg's head
q irtcrs tent, refused to shake
hands and rted a tirade
against his supcrie- officer.
"You commenced a cowardly
and contemptible persecution of
. soon after the battle of Shi
loh," Forrest said. He went on
to accuse Bragg ot robbing him
ot his command because "1
would not fawn upon you."
There was much more:
"I have stood vour meaness
as long as I intend to. You have
played the put of a damned
scoundrel, and are a coward,
and if you were any part of a
man I would slap -our jaws and
force you to resent it."
Those were fighting words
but Bragg rc ..aired silent on
his camp stool.
"... I say n you that if vou
ever again try to interfere with
me or cross my - h, it will be
at the peril of your life," For
rest concluded.
Neither Bragg nor Davis took
any notice of the incident.
When Davis arrived at
Bragg's headquarters he had
Lt. Gen. John C. I'emberton
with him. He proposed to give
Pemberlon command of Polk's
corps. Pemberton had surrend
ered Vicksburg about t w o
months before and the outcries
still had not died down.
I'emhrrton Unwanted
1 he Army of Ten ;ee let It
b
SAVE MONEY ON READY-TO-SERVE
Contrary to what I suspect 99 out of 100 of you thing, it costs
you markedly less in terms of dollars as well as time to serve
convenience foods today than to home-prepare meals from scratch
in your kitchen.
This defies all previous evidence. In 1957, when I last reported
on the cost of built-in kitchen service, the story was precisely
the opposite, indicated that a typical U.S. family was hiking its
food bills hundreds of dollars a year by buying ready-to-serve
foods. At the time my defense was that increasing millions of
us were willing to pay the extra price because of the great time I
savings convenience foods permitted and because their develop-1 1
ment was substantially improving our tooa sianaaras.
Now the Department of Agriculture has updated its 1937 pilot
study, has issued a comprehensive report making available for
the first time accurate cost, quality and time-preparation com
parisons on a large number of foods in various forms. The find
ings are an unanticipated comfort to every housewife in the land
Of 158 convenience foods price, the government found 116 were
more expensive than their home-prepared counterparts sug
gesting to a hit-and-run reader that the housewife is still boosting
her food budget substantially by buying foods in processed rather
than unprocessed forms.
But the key point is that the more expensive ready-to-serve
foods account for only a tiny volume of our purchase. Our
buying of convenience foods costing less than their fresh
counterparts is so much heavier that we more than offset the
' effect on our food budgets of the more expensive items we
purchase.
Of every $100 we spend for food in grocery stores, $14.03 goes
for convenience foods. The cost of an equivalent quantity ot me
fresh counterparts is $15.10 a difference of $1.07 in favor of
readv-to-serve.
Among the big money-savers is frozen orange juice concen-1
uaie, lor wmcii we speiiu oo ivma pci mc equivalent m
fresh oranges comes to $1.39. Other major cost-decreasing con
venience foods are frozen lima beans, canned and frozen peas,
canned spaghetti, devil's food cake mix. Of all the convenience
foods studied, instant coffee ranks first in sales, accounts for $1
Der $100 sncnt for food. Substitution of regular roasted ground
rnftn umnlH atmnc rinuhlp rnnstimpr snpnriinff for coffee to SI. 96. I
Of course, there are cost-increasing convenience foods. Per
$100 spent, reaay-io-serve Danea proaucis, aesseris ana canay j
take $1.70 against $1.16 for the home-prepared counterparts a
difference of 46 per cent. Convenience beef, pork, poultry pack
ages take $4.21 against $3.63 for the home-prepared equivalents.
To achieve lower tood costs by use ot convenience tooas, tnere-
fore, you must be selective and here the significant disclosure
by the Agriculture Department is that the individual consumer
"usually is.
The startling news is the saving In money. That ready-to-serve
foods permit major saving in worktime is indisputable.
You can save five minutes per serving of French fries against
the home-prepared potatoes, seven minutes per serving of
frozen apple or cherry pie against the home-made product,
etc. On 42 of the 138 convenience foods, the time saved costs
no additional cash because the foods are cheaper. On half of
the more expensive convenience foods, the time saved costs
less than 60 cents per hour a much more modest price
than I believed probable.
On the quality front too, convenience foods are recording im-1
porlant progress. In most instances, the fresh food is still rated ',
"slightly superior" in appearance, taste and desired texture, but j
the word now is "slightly" and the variations in quality are tre
mendous. !
From zero, the list of partially or entirely prepared foods has
swelled to many hundreds in a few decades. Just the 158 con
venience items covered in this study account for 14 per cent of the
tens of billions of dollars we spend annually on food in grocery
stores.
As the news hits home that selective buying of ready-to-serve
can save money in addition to time, every percentage will sky
rocket. Children Holding
Skill in Reading
Being Restricted
Ry DAVID NYOICK
1'IM Kilucatinn Specialist
Increasing numbers of chil
dren who are starting school
know how to read to some ex
tent. What do the schools do
with these children?
Many systems throughout the
nation do not begin a formal
reading program in the kinder
garten. The teaching of reading
in kindergarten has been dis
couraged by some educators.
The children arc given a readi
ness program. This consists of
experiences designed to prepare
known pmtvi! '''u in nn.-i..
and Bragg that it did not want tlu'm ""' 1C1"''"S now 10 rca1
Pemberton. He and his staff ! Children arriving at school
went on their wav.
There was trouble in the Fed
eral command after the battle,
loo. Secretary of War Edwin M.
Stanton, with President Lin
coln's approval, suspended and
filed charges against three ma
jor generals Tn ... Critten
den and Alexander McCook.
c rps commanders, and James
S. Necley, division commander
j The charges were that they had
I left the battlefHd and in one
case cowardice was charged.
All appeared before courts of
; inquiry later ' Nashville al
j which Rosecrans testified. All radio, and movies
were cleared.
4-H NEWS
MILK PAIL WRANGLERS
The Milk Pail Wranglers 4-11
grade, second grade, third, etc..
The manual specifically tells the
teacher each step to he taken.
This organized approach is sim
ple and inviting. The children
are placed in groups with each
group moving slowly or rapidly
as they learn the skills. Why
don't they all learn to read?
All of these children are ex
pected to read in the same
books and learn by the same
methods. If they don't under
stand at the first attempt the
lessons are repeated. The re
sults are that some fourth
graders are reading in a second
grade book. How can they find
interest and enthusiasm in im
mature stories? It is just as
unrealistic for a third grader
to read the stories written for
a fifth or sixth grader.
Teacher Exercises Skills
Perhaps the answer lies with
the teacher. A teacher should
be well trained in the teaching
of reading skills. This is not
always the case. She then re
lies on the manual instead of
feeling secure and using her
own creative approach. The
good teacher who has learned to
recognize problems and who is
free to use various methods can
often, through her own creative
efforts, reach the child who is
having difficulty.
Obviously, the typical read
ing procram lacks the flexi-
sohools, etc. This is not com-i bility to meet the needs of all
expect to learn more about
reading. They are excited about
this prospect. But some schools
place them back in a prepara
tory phase.
Needed Experiences
This thinking was realistic 30
years ago. Children needed ex
periences to help them with
learning to read. Today, they
probably have been exposed to
mure varied experiences than
even the schools previously provided.
Rooks, newspapers, television.
are major
factors. Parents also contribute
with increased travel, nursery
pletely true for all children, but
surely there is a vast number
who fit into this category. Rec
ognizing thai individuals are
different, there are certainly
club of Wagner vallev held their ; those children who are not
September meeting at the home ! ready even in lirst grade.
ol Mr. and Mrs. Ray Turpin of Reading programs are usual-1
mir-m ana oincers were elect- ly based on a series of text
"1 , I books. There are one or more
They are Louise llrrzoi), presi- books and accompanying teach-
dcnl; Eddie White, vice presi- era manuals for each grade feeling their
dent; ithy Turpin, secrelarv-: level pre-nrimer. orimer. first ' achievement.
treas! jr: Leslie Welburn, j 1 Since learning to read is fun
historian, and Tony White, rc- i damental to all learning, these
porter. j the Turpins at the close of the problems become the majr cm
Two new memliers of the i meeting and a cake was pre- cern in education,
club are Roger Welburn and i senteti bv the t'nhails. Aimrecia-1
Tony White. j tion of the work of the Herzogs,
The group chose Mr. and Mrs. I retiring assistants, was also ex-1
Ray Turpin of Talent as their ' pressed at the special social '
new assistants to succeed Mr. i hour.
and Mrs. Waller Hcrzog, who ' Refreshments were served bv
children. There is a need for
programs which recognize that
different children should begin
reading at different ages; learn
at dilferent rates; have many
different interests; need ma
lerital suited to their level and
interest; sometimes have phys
ical or emotional problems
which block learning; will have
different abilities therefore af-
total level of
were unable to continue in the
position, according lo announcc
I ment by Mr. and Mrs. Walter
j Cahail.
I A surprise welcome was given
Mrs. Turpin
The next regular meeting will
be held at the home of Mr. and
Mrs. Donald Welburn at 8 p.m.
Oct. 14.
Heart Gas?
Slop Chohmt Hurt Git In 5 Mint
Tpwr JH tuck at druiinl. Chfw BtH-tns
tMtt at h'jt tn of intfH). m bt
0t vocfctt fev rtarfy ttntf. so til md turt
riHi f in t ffhfvt it No Mrmful drifts Clt
JMI-IW IMJV. Jfd Mttll t t tii ans,
0ran(bg, H. ., e (j&fui f:et umot.
6th and Grape
DEER HUNTING SEASON
OPENS Saturday, Sept. 28
The wise hunter stocks 'up on plenty of GOOD
FOOD at LOW Groceteria prices.
Even If You Don't Hunt
These Specials are Money Savers
APPL
Red Delicious
for Hunting or
School Lunches
Hafnia Brand Danish
Boneless Fully Cooked
HAMS
3 S. $298
No Refrigeration Needed
SWIFT'S
mim
12-oi.
Can. . .
Swift's Sweet Rasher
Sliced Bacon
49S
GEBHARDT
CHILI
Con Carne,
Big 40-oz. Tin
5w
SWIFT'S
FSTEWs?
42)
IXL CHICKEN
RAVIOLI ;
CANDY
Giant Bars,
Farmington Brand,
2SJDC
Chiffon Tissue 25c
Krusteaz Pancake Mix - 59c
Hunt's Potatoes th, 10c
Crisco .ib. c.n 29c
Bisquick 40O,pks. 35c
Raisins i Mome 6-iot. pkgs. 23c
TREND
Liquid Detergent
LOCKER PAPER
18 INCHES WIDE
Reg.
$1.29
RAY-0 VAC
FLASHLIGHT
BATTERIES
1L
VAN CAMP
nAnu tti rt a ti a
run n DCANd n fine
No. 2 Tin
Ooxte
Claw
'i TINS
33c
NaUy't
Garbanzo
Beans
No. 1
Tin
233
Fels
Granules
75c
Giant
Flav-R-Pac
Blackberries
35c
303
Tin
0