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Religion In America
College Students Find Meaningful Faith on Campus
Bv LOUIS tASSELS
I'Pl Correspondent
Some young people lose their
faith when they go to college.
Other become seriously inter
ested in religion for the first
time in their lives.
The great majority do not ex
perience either kind of religious
crisis apostasy or conversion.
They spend their college years
in "religious hibernation" and
just don't think about God.
This picture of college stud
ents is painted in two new re
ports one by a Protestant
minister, the other by a Catho
lic priest.
The Protestant minister is the
Rev. Dr. William E. Hordern of
Garrett Theological Seminary,
Evanston, 111. He visited 10 cam-
Russia May Have
Entire Year Alone
For Space Flights
K) d8
Bv ALVIN B. WEBB JR.
CAPE CANAVERAL UPI -The
United States stands a bet
ter than even chance of having
to wait another 16 months or
longer before it can send more
astronauts into space.
This means the Soviet Union,
which would hardly be expected
to stand idly by amid such a
golden opportunity, might have
all to itself the entire year of
1964 to build an impressive and
perhaps insurmountable lead in
the race for man's conquest of
space.
And it could mean a major
shakeup in America's manned
space flight programs particu
larly its expensive, time - con
suming and thus far fruitless
Project Gemini in the next six
to twelve months.
Gemini, billed as the "follow
on" to the jamed Project Mer
cury, is supposed to send two
man teams of U.S. astronauts
into orbit around earth for a
variety of long duration flights
that also would perform some
key tests in linking space ships
together.
But Project Gemini may de
velop death rattles even as it is
painfully born. Congress could
well see to that when, next Jan
uary, it starts comparing ex
penses with results and takes
note of the following items:
Date Was Postponed
The first manned flight in
Project Gemini originally was
set for late 1963. That already
has slipped to October, 1964, and
it is an odds-on favorite to skid
all the way into 1965. Since the
Mercury program was axed,
that would mean no U.S. man
ned soace flights next year.
This, in turn, means the
Gemini program may be run-
nine sauare into the rear end of
the first earth orbit flight of the
three-man Apollo space ships
now set for late 1965. Congress
may question the value of run
ning such a litlle-and-late proj
ect like the Gemini alongside
the the Apollo program that has
more important goal ot landing
men on the moon.
Gemini looks suspiciously
like a "dead-end" program. The
federal space agency, which
once proposed using the ballistic
capsules as shuttles to and from
manned space stations, is now
looking at entirely new pro
posals, such as space gliders
and so-called "lifting bodies"
for such futuristic tasks.
Cools Toward Gemini
The Air Force, and to a less
er extent the Defense depart
ment, has suddenly developed a
cooling in its recent passion for
a chunk of Project Gemini.
That last point could be
come the killer for Gemini and
the pivotal point for a realign
ment ot the nation's manned
space programs.
The National Aeronautics and
Space administration has been
interested for some time in di
vesting itself of at least a part
of the Gemini program and the
corresponding expense.
NASA thought it had a taker
early this year when it came to
vague sort of agreement to let
the Air Force come in as a part
ner. But eight months have passed
and the Air Force-NASA agree
ment looks like so much more
paper work. Now, inform e d
sources say, the Air Force
! wants to keep it that way.
I There Is a reason. The mum-
! tude of problems and slipping
schedules engulfing Gemini pre
sent the Air Force with an open
ing to push its own manned
space flight program, Project
I Dyna-Soar or X20. to a succoss-
; ful conclusion within t n r e e
years.
Off and On Situation
Dyna-Soar is a winged glider
vehicle which would give it's as
tronaut a fair degree of control
over where he would land. The
Air Force has been proposing it
off and on for six years or more
but had trouble getting it out of
the "paper project" stage.
Early this year after the Air
Force-NASA agreement on Proj
ect Gemini, it appeared that
Dyna-Soar was dead for good
and certain. Only the official
word from Defense Secretary
Robert S. McNamara was need
ed to make it so.
That word never came. Motvia
mara, who had been dead-set
against the Dyna-Soar, appar
ently changed his mind some
time during a tour earlier this
year to the Boeing Co. at Se
attle, Wash., where the Dyna
Soar is being built, and then on
to Gemini headquarters at Hous
ton, Tex. McDonnell Aircraft of
St. Louis, Mo., holds the Gemini
contract.
The defense secretary report
edly was impressed by what he
saw at Boeing. He was consider
ably less than impressed at
Houston.
And the result may be that
Dyna-Soar will live and Gemini
its problems, slipping sched
ules and millions of dollars in
money already spent is head
ed for the drain.
puses and interviewed students
from six otbers.,His findings are
being published jointly by three
leading denominational maga
zines -the Lutheran, the Epis
copalian and Presbyterian Life.
The Catholic priest is Fr.
Richard Bulled, 0. P., national:
chaplain of the Newman Apos
tolatc which operates centers for
Catholic students at about 200
colleges and universities. H i s
book, "God on the Secular Cam
pus," was published this month
by Doubleday.
Generalize Too Much
Both clergymen warn that it
is perilous to generalize too
much about religion on the cam
pus. Some colleges seem to pro
vide a far more hospitable cli
mate -for faith than others. And
in any one institution, there will
be a great diversity of attitudes.
Dr. Hordern says the fear
often expressed by parents and
pastors that young people rear
ed in religious homes will turn
into atheists in college is borne
out by a "small proportion" of
students. But he was told by
faculty and administration peo
ple that "today there are more
students who find a meaningful
faith on the campus than lose
it."
Fr. Butler adds that many pf
takes the form of a rather snide students, even if those beliefs
n.sparagejnent oi religion, rro- happen to be lareelv neealive
urn I .. . " "
it is up to the churches, the
Catholic priest says, to "assume
fessorial sneers at religion are
heard in denominational colleg
es as well as in secular institu
tions. Don't Do the Job
Fr. Butler says that state uni
versities and other tax-supported
institutions cannot properly
be asked to inculcate religious
faith, bui they do emphatically
have an obligation to be genuin
ely neutral. And often they are
not. Instead, they engage in
"positive indoctrination" of stu
dents in the dogmas of secular
humanism,, which hdlds "that
man himself is the ultimate
value in life and he is confined
to a material universe which
produces him and eventually
destroys him."
"There is a tragic irony in the
present situation when secular
educators are warned not to in
ject religious beliefs or opinions
into their teaching and yet are
free to propose and propagate
an irreligious view of life," says
Dr. Butler. ,
He addds that ''more intelli
gent" students who have had a
good background of religious ed
ucation before coming to college
I may see through the professor
who tries to peddle his own phil-
the students - who renounce msophical opinions along with
religion in college "are weak In1 his course in literature or his-
faith and morals when they ar
rive, if not altogether nominal
in their church affiliations."
Although- neither of them
holds colleges solely responsible
for the religious apathy display
ed by many sludents1 Dr. Hor
dern and Fr. Butler agree that
some faculty mombcrs go out
out of their way to shake what
tory. But the average under
graduate is vulnerable
to "brain-washing" by teachers
who cither have a personal aiv
tagonism toward religion, or
who "delight in the destruction
of traditional ideas and values
Can Help Problem
College administrators can re
lieve the problem, Fr. Butler
ever faith they may encounter ' says, in two ways: .(1) By "co
in the young people who attend
their classes.
Faculty hostility toward relU
gion, Dr.. Hordern says, "some
times takes the form of an open
attack upon specific religious
beliefs, but more frequently it
operating with the churches in
providing for religious educa-
tion"; and 12) By making it
plain to faculty members that
academic freedom docsn t
give them the right to foist their
own religious beliefs on their
me principal responsibility to
teach their particular doctrines"
to college students, thrnnnh
well - located and well - staffed
campus religious centers.
Although major denomina
tions have been slowly awaken
ing to this resDonsibilitv. Fr.
Butler notes that there is still
only one priest usually part
time to every 3,227 Catholic stu
dents" in secular colleges, and
"adequate" Catholic centers
have been provided for only one
sixth of the campuses where
they are needed.
"From my limited exper
ience." says Fr. Butler, "I
would say that Protestants and
Jews are working under even
greater handicaps in these es
sential matters of facilities and
personnel."
0!
181
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Union Officials
Sued by Members
PORTLAND (UPD-Six mem
bers of Portland I-ocal 1885 of
the International Association of
Machinists Wednesday ued
eight union officials for $360,
000. The suit charges the union al
legedly wrongfully called them
"scabs" In a written sheet dis
trihiitix! in other members. The
The men claim the union made
the charges when they worked
AL'nrtim for United Air Lines
here after other union members
asked them not to do so.
The complainants are Antho
ny P. Farley, Salvatore Bondi.
Arthur D. Dennis, Adrian D.
Newton, T. Michael Mctcalf and
Michel A. Morcti.
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