Nehru N
By S. G. ROY
United Press International
NEW DELHI (UPI) India's
Prime Minister Jawaharlal
Nehru is at last facing up to the
crucial question: after him who?
The question has been raised
many times before by news
men, by opposition political
leaders, even by members of
his own Congress party and
Nehru has always avoided a di
rect answer. In a democracy a
man docs not nominate his own
successor, he says.
Yet as he approaches his 74th
birthday, Nehru knows that he
now must answer the question
in some form so if he should
suddenly be disabled, India
would not be thrown into panic
because of a political vacuum.
Nehru is the unquestioned
leader of India today, just as he
has been ever since this nation
achieved independence from the
British in 1947 after years of
struggle and turmoil. He has
such popularity that even after
the Communist Chinese invaded
Indian territory last year and
MEDFORD MAIL TRIBUNE, MEDFORD. OREGON SUNDAY, SEPTEMBER 15, B b
earing Time When He Must Answer Question of Successor
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POLITICAL LEADERS Shown above are four Indian political
leaders, anyone of whom could be a successor to Indian Prime
Minister Jawaharlal Nehru. They are (left to right): Agricul-
made a shambles of Nehru's I important matter. To be found
neutralist policy, there was no in his "quiet order" served Aug.
turo Minister Sadashir Kamoj Patil, Finance Minister Morarjl
Desai, Home Minister Lai Badahur Shastri, and Communica
tions Minister Jagjivan Ram. (UPI)
public outcry for his resignation.
Right or wrong, there was no
political successor ready to step
in.
Nehru has now given an ink
ling of his thinking on this very
Mental Retardation
To Be Spotlighted
At National Event
By NEIL A. MARTIN
United Press International
WASHINGTON (UPI) - Men
ial retardation, a condition that
affects more than 5 million
Americans, will be spotlighted
nationally Sept. 19 when more
than 200 state and federal of
ficials gather at Warrenton, Va.,
40 miles west of here.
Representatives from each
state will meet with key govern
ment officials to discuss plans
and programs to alleviate and
prevent the problem.
The two-day conference has
the strong endorsement of Pres
ident Kennedy. The President
and his family have been active
in focusing public attention on
retardation. Their interest also
is personal. One of Kennedy's
sisters, Rosemary, is retarded
and is being cared for at a
private school in Wisconsin.
Donated About $1 Million
Since establishment of the Ken
nedy Foundation in 1046, the
family has donated an estimated
$1 million annually to foster re
search in retardation, which the
chief executive has called a ma
jor national health, social and
economic issue. Members of
Congress also have taken a deep
interest in it and three bills are
currently awaiting action.
The retarded include both
adults and children who are ab
normally slow in thought and
action. Officials say the problem
is vitally significant because it
strikes twice as many individ
uals as blindness, polio, cere
bral palsy and rheumatic heart
disease combined.
In a message to Congress last
February, Kennedy called for
"a bold new approach."
"The American people," he
said, "have an obligation to pre
vent mental retardation when
ever possible and to amelio
rate it when present."
A Personal Victory
The Warrenton conference
represents a personal victory for
the administration, which has
encouraged more comprehen
sive state planning and closer
coordination with federal agen
cies. Kennedy sent personal tele
grams to all governors asking
them to send delegates. Dr.
Stafford L. Warren, special
presidential assistant, said the
response was "extremely en
thusiastic." "Never before in my experi
ence with national conferences
has such a unanimous national
reaction taken place." he told
UPI. "The meeting will produce
fruitful results for five and one
half million people."
The two days of the meeting
will be broken up into morning,
afternoon and evening sessions,
with speeches and reports by
medical and governmental of
ficals. These will include War
ren, Anthony J. Celebrezze, sec
retary of Health, Education
and Welfare, and R. Sargent
Shriver, director of the Peace
Corps and president of the Ken
nedy Foundation.
The delegates will learn what
grants are available to the
states under existing federal re
search programs. Pending legis
lation also will be explained.
On Aug. 27, the House passed
a bill which would set up $30
million in grants annually to
combat retardation through pre
natal and infant care. It also
would earmark $2.2 million to
help the states plan action. An
other bill to provide research
and care facilities is awaiting
House rules committee action.
Only Few Programs
Prior to this year, officals said
the states had only a few pro
grams that provided funds for
research and care facilities.
Warren said the bills point up
an "awareness that meeting the
medical, social, educational and
vocational needs of the mentally
retarded calls for a continuous,
unremitting and long-term ef
fort." The measures are based
largely on recommendations by
the President's panel on retarda
tion which last year appraised
existing state, federal and pri
vate programs.
The panel estimated the cost
of caring for those afflicted at
about $550 million a year, plus
loss to the nation of several bil
lion dollars in economic output.
24. On that date, he ordered six
of his cabinet ministers to re
sign in order to take on political
assignments for the ruling
Congress party in their home
districts.
Of the six to go, two are
juniors and have little standing
in the party. But the four others
are tried, able and efficient ad
ministrators, and each one has a
substantial band of followers.
Had they remained in the cab
inet, in an emergency each one
would have been a contestant
for the leadership of the party
and of India itself.
These four "possibiles" reck
oned to succeed Nehru are: Fi
nance Minister Morarji Desai,
Communications Minister Jag
jivan Ram, Home Minister Lai
Bahadur Shastri, and Food and
Agriculture Minister Sadasiv K.
Patil. Their ranking in the cab
inet followed this order.
Ordered to Silderness
Of the rour ordered to the
"silderness," only two have fair
prospects of staging a come
back to the cabinet Lai Baha
dur Shastri and Sadasiv Patil.
A year ago, Morarji Desai
was considered the most prob
able successor to Nehru. A stern
man in many ways, he has late
ly angered many of his Cong
ress party colleagues because
he has been found to be com
pletely blind to public opinion.
He is branded as a "right
reactionary" by the so-called
Nehruites of the Congress parly.
The conservatives, once his sup
porters, are having second
thoughts over his administrative
ability. The moderates would
not support him because he is
too unaccommodating. There is
doubt, too, if Nehru likes him
at all.
Third Man Considered
The third man in the present
hierarchy, Jagjivan Ram, be
longs to the scheduled castes.
This, of course, is no bar to his
becoming the prime minister.
Of all the ministers, he has
been the single constant factor in
the Nehru cabinet which has
seen quite a few changes during
the 16 years it has been in
power.
But because of certain admin
istrative lapses, which are
talked about but not written in
to a charge sheet, Jagjivan Ram
is no longer so popular with the
party. In any cabinet reshuffle
he was almost certain to be sent
out.
The choice of the successor to
Nehru would have to be made,
then, from the two remaining
"possibles," the fourth and
fifth men on the present cab
inet, Lai Bahadur Shastri and
Sadasiv Patil.
An Able Organiier
Patil, 63, is an able organizer,
an eloquent and effective speak
er, a ruthless opponent, a man
of action and quick decisions,
and one who believes in get
ting things done. If India needs
a strong man after Nehru, then
his star will certainly smile on
him.
He has a sizeable following in
the Congress party. But he is a
controversial figure. Those of
his partymen who are oriented
to the Nehru way of thinking are
hostile to him. Since he is in
telligent, efficient, and unlike
Morarji Desai a strong leader,
they consider him their greatest
obstacle on the road to social
ism. The men who steer the middle
course between the rightists and
the leftists in the Congress party
and ultimately it is they who
win matter in tne choice ot
Nehru's successor will not
come out for Patil because he is
not acceptable to all the party
factions.
Compromise Personality
It is here on the question of
who will be the compromise
subscribes to some of the out
dated ideas of the Congress
such as liquor prohibition, he is
no faddist. In short, he is a typ
ical Indian gentleman.
If, as the president of the'
Congress, he is able to pull up !
the organization and put an end
to the incessant arguments be
tween factions, or at least to re
duce these to a harmless mini
as the "redeemer" of the flag
ging ruling party. It will be time i
then for Nehru to call him back
to the cabinet as his next man.
By that time, too, his two sen-!
lots in the present cabinet
hierarchy, Morarji Desai and
Jagjivan Ram, will not be pres
ent to challenge his position.
This perhaps, is the real sig
nificance of the Nehru plan to
draft ministers for undramatic
party work in the hinterland.
personality that Lai Bahadur is mlmli he will establish himself
likely to outstrip otners wno
may be in the running for the
country's leadership after Nehru
is gone.
The 59 - year - old, short
statured, unassuming Lai Bah
adur has a knack of pleasing al
most everyone.
From Allahabad, Nehru's
home town, he has steadily built
up a position for himself in the
party. For all practical purposes
he is next to Nehru now, even
though he may rank fourth in
the cabinet in the order of sen
iority. Today, he is Nehru's first
adviser.
Not only is he liked by all the
factions of the ruling party, he
also is respected by all sec
tions of the opposition including
the communists. He is consid
ered neither too much of a soc
ialist, nor too much of an ad
vocate of free enterprise. He is
the man who admirably fits in
with the mixed economy pattern
of India, and also with this
country's policy on alignment in
the east-west political struggle.
In Moribund Condition
According to present plans,
Nehru will ask Lai Bahadur to
head the organizational wing of
the ruling party after he is re
lieved of his ministerial respon
sibility. As the president of the
Congress it will be his job to re
vitalize the national organization
which at the moment is in a j
moribund condition. i
Lai Bahadur looks like a man !
with a soft heart. But he can be
strong, even stern, when the oc
casion demands it. Although he
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An 18 year - old Medford
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