2 C
THURSDAY. AUGUST 41, 19S3
MEDFORD MAIL TRIBUNE, MEDFORD, OREGON
Chances for Bracero Extension Improved by Senate Bill Passage
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By A. ROBERT SMITH
Mail Tribune
Washington Correspondent
Washington (Special)-Capi
tol Hill observers think
chances of Congress extend
m ing the Mexi
ran farm In.
'i b o r program
71 I A(h, U.S.
J were substan
A 1 1 a 1 1 y I m
proved by
S e nate adop
tion last week
of a modified
. Baku bmitM Dill, i n e
House in May refused to ex
tend the bracero bill under
. which Mexican workers are
brought into the country for
temporary employment un
der contracts with farmers
and food processors who claim
they can't secure adequate
American workers. The pres'
ent law expires Dec. 31 unless
extended by Congress.
In Oregon, over 300 Mexi
cans have been employed
chiefly in the Rogue River
valley fruit orchards.
Oregon's two Democratic
senators split sharply on the
Mexican labor bill when it
was debated in the Senate.
Sen. Maurine Neuberger op
posed the extension of the law
and supported efforts to modi
fy the existing act. Sen.
Wayne Morse supported ex
tension of the program and
opposed changes in it.
When it was debated in
the House, a comparable split
developed when Rep. Robert
B. Duncan of Medford voted
to salvage the program and
Rep. Edith Green voted to
kill it. The Senate's approval
of a new bill is likely to
raise the whole issue again
in the House, which votea
earlier 174 to 158 against
extending the bracero act
Mrs. Neuberger told the
Senate she considered it
"simply amazing" that Con
areas should sanction the iirv
nortation of "hundreds of
thousands of Mexican farm
workers at a time when there
is a great deal of unemploy
ment in rural America."
"Sharply increasing mecha
nization reduced agricultural
employment in this country
by 300,000 last year and the
toll is increasing," said Mrs.
Neuberger.
Sen. Morse said the pro
cram ooeratina under a
treaty with Mexico, has help
ed strengthen relationships
between the U.S. and Mexico.
He said he rejects the argu
ment that it docs injustice to
American labor.
The fact is that Mexican
workers are being supplied in
certain agricultural areas
where other labor is just not
available; American farmers
have not been able to get it,"
said Morse.
Mrs. Neuberger said the ar
gument that the growers can t
get domestic labor "is non
sense.
"American farm workers
are eager for the jobs," she
added. "They need them. Of
course, growers may have to
pay higher wages than 60
cents an hour in Arkansas but
I do not believe it is the func
tion of Congress to maintain
substandard wages."
Proponents of the bill point
ed out that the use of bracercs
is "rapidly phasing out," that
the number of Mexicans im
ported has declined annually
from 445,197 in 1956 to about
195.000 last year. Those using
braceros last year consisted
of 2,264 individual employers,
57 food processors and 231 led in the total hirer! work
associations composed of 24,-1 force on farms of 258.000. Tha
492 members. i average number of Mexicans
Sens. Warren G. Magnuson
and Henry M. Jackson, both
Washington Democrats, and
Sens. Thomas Kuchel, Repub
lican, and Clair Engle, Demo
crat, of California, all sup
ported extension of the pro
gram. Son. Engle pointed out that
California employs far more
domestic workers than bra
ceros and that he favors grad
ual elimination of any need
for braceros. He said in Sep
tember the peak harvest
month last year in California,
73,000 braceros were employ-
employed in California was
32,000 last year, which he
said represented a steady de
cline for the sixth stra-ght
year since the average in 195
was 52.000.
Sen. Eugene McCarthy ID
Minn.) how ever, observed
that California brought in a
total of 127,000 Mexicans last
year while the state reported
295,000 persons unemployed.
Sen. Kuchel countered by say
ing that was like adding ap
ples and oranges because the
unemployed aircraft workers
in Los Angeles don't consider
tomato and lettuce picking
suitable job opportunities.
Kuchel said average wages
for work performed by bra
ceros in California ranged
from a high of $2.80 an hour
for loading carrots to SI. 18
an hour for picking oranges.
He said this compared fairly
with wages in various indus-1 so much work.
vision would require them ti
offer domestic workers occu
pational insurance or work
men's compensation coverage,
free housing, and the cost of
transportation to the job com
parable with what the law
requires them to offer the
Mexicans, and guarantees of
trial ooccupations in which
domestic workers are en
gaged. Sen. McCarthy succeeded in
getting an amendment adopt
ed which would require em
ployers to make farm work
more attractive to domestic
Americans before they hire
Mexicans. The McCrathy pro-
McCarthy pointed out that
the Mexicans would still re
ceive better treatment than
domestics because the pro
gram requires employers to
recognize the right of Mexi
cans to bargain collectively,
to provide non - occupational
accident and health insur
ance, to furnish tools and '
equipment to braceros, to sup
ply good drinking water, to
offer protection against im
moral influences, to provide
meals at a cost of not more
than $1.75 per day. None of
these benefits is required for
domestic workers under any
federal law.
Mrs. Neuberger was one of
the co-sponsors of the tc.
Carthy amendment. It was
adopted by a vote of 44 to 43.
Sen. Morse voted against it.
Always Refreshing!
f
m
Taxi in Tokyo May
End Up at Police
Station for Advice
Br ROBERT CRABBE
United Press International
Tokyo iUPIl Grab a cab In
this ancient city and odds are,
if it's far you're going, you'll
end up at a police station.
Not for a complaint, but for
information. The streets have
no names, the houses no num
bers and thousands of police
' men do nothing but sit in
bandbox neighborhood sta
tions telling people how to go
where they're going.
Now, with the coming of
the 1964 Olympic games and
thousands of foreign tourists,
the city has begun to tack up
some street signs - something
it hasn't done for the last 150
years.
Nam Soma Streets
During the occupation era
the United States Army tried
to get the Japanese to get the
hang of the American way
They named a few streets and
put up some signs.
But along Tokyo's notori
ously crooked streets today
(at least one Intersects with
itself), the Army's weather
beaten yellow signs can still
be seen. The Japanese are too
polite to take them down and
Two People Hurt
In Area Accident
Two persons were injured
Wednesday in one of three ac
cident investigated by Ore
gon state police.
Treated at Josephine Gen
eral hospital In Grants Pass
nd released were Ordclta
Irene Hagel, 26, of Queens
Branch rd.. Rogue River, and
a passenger in her car, Roger
Yilek, S, of the same address.
The car was southbound on
East Evans Creek rd. near
Rogue River about 8:30 a.m.
when it skidded on loose gra
vel and went into a ditch,
knocking down about 32 feet
of fence. Both were treated
for scalp lacerations.
In the second accident at
11:45 a.m., cars operated by
Willie Dalton Vandergriff, 31.
of route 1, box 717, Eagle
Point, and Austa June Bor
Buett, 27, of Myrtle Point,
were westbound on Rogue
River highway near Rogue
River when the Borguett car
started to pass as Vandcr-
ariff started to make a left
turn. Both vehicles received
moderate damage but were
driven from the scene.
At 7:40 p.m. an accident in
volving a motorbike and an
automobile occurred on Ross
lane near the KMED studios.
According" to state police a
westbound car operated by
Albert Edward Goeppinger,
63, of Talent, changed lanes
to make a left turn, falling to
see the eastbound motorbike
operated by Clyde Otis Lov
ell, 17, of 33 Hawthorne st.
No injuries were reported, po
lice said.
Subscribers
To report Improper or non
dtUvtry of the Mall i"r'hun In
Matflord, phont 77J-14t; Aah
Una call at 4 IS Brldia ft., or
phone 42-3002; Vreki, phono
Victory 3-280S before :( p m.
daily and 10 JO a m. Sunday.
If regular delivery arrlvaa
ahortly alter you call pleaat
notify office, thin eliminating
pedal meaMnger aarvlee.
too indifferent to paint them.
So far, about 50 streets have
been newly named and the
government says eventually
every street down to the
humblest alley will be hon
ored so. But it's going to take
a while.
One Country Towns
The world's largest city is
an immense collection of what
were once country towns be
fore the city overran them,
much as Los Angeles swal
lowed up Its orange grove
communities. About 15 per
cent of Tokyo - the downtown
area - looks a lot like down
town Los Angeles or down
town Cleveland. But the Japa
nese don't think in terms of
streets. They still see things
In terms of districts.
The Tokyo system of locat
ing yourself and writing your
address is a quaint hand-me-
down from medieval Japan
and, when a friend gives you
his address it's only an ap
proximate guide to his house,
Nevertheless, the depart
ment stores deliver packages
to Tokyo homes and the mail
arrives on schedule twice
every day, seven days a week
(unless, of course, your mail
man is new and he's as con
fused as you).
Typical Address
Consider the case of "Mrs.
U.S. Doe." Her address is
typical:
Setagaya-ku
Kitazawa 3-Chome 264
Tokyo, Japan
When Mrs. Doe gets mail
from stateside, the sorter at
the main Tokyo post office
notes that she lives in Seta-
gaya, one of the 22 adminis
trative districts of Tokyo. He
sends the letter to the Seta-
gaya post office.
The letter goes on to one
of the neighborhood post of
fices in Kitazawa. Japanese
towns are broken up into
chomes - or postal districts -and
Mrs. Doe happens to live
In 3-chome.
In 3-chome, the houses do
have numbers, but there is no
system to it. The houses are
numbered roughly in the or
der in which they were built.
At 3-chome 264, Mrs. Doe
might find herself next door
to 3-chome 301, instead of 262
or 266.
The letter carrier has mem
orized the entire district and
knows where every number is.
Host Draws Map
When a Tokyo friend gives
you his address and invites
you over for dinner, you go
by train if you want to do it
the easy way, and have him
meet you at the station near
est his home. If you Insist on
having a taxi or driving your
own car, your host draws a
map. (Sometimes the map
works; sometimes it doesn't).
Usually, the taxi driver
Just takes you to your friend's
town and then stops at a
handy store to start asking
questions. He usually ends up
at the police station but the
ciuiua nit-re are Often not up
to date.
In desperation, the people
In many neighborhoods band
together and have a map of
their area drawn, showing
every house with the owner's
name written on It.
They post it on a signboard
but of couse this is no help
to the struESline fnrei
une map is in Japanese.)
The chome system seems
bout to fade Into history and
Americans have begun to eye
the new street signs with Joy.
As one of them put it:
"This may seem funny from
3fr. But it's no fun r us."
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