Si ;B
MONDAY. AUGUST 19. 19G3
MEDFORD MAIL TRIBUNE. MEDFORD. OREGON
Malfunction in Oceanography
If
!!
it
: r
n
ComxDiress
Ejiitor'i, notei ThU i ih
la ! of H ulielei on
. governments ..venture
into lhe field ef octanograpny
By A. ROBERT SMITH, i
Mail Tribune
Washington ' Correspondent
Washington - A m e r i c as
long - range program 10 in
tensify oceanographic research
to beat the Soviets to the
bottom of the sea in the broad
est sense is in distress.
It's not because the federal
oceanography program is be
ing deliberately torpedoed but
apparently because, like the
ill '-fated submarine Thresh
er, it is jeopardized by mal
functioning in critical parts.
j')One malfunction is evident
'6rT Capitol Hill. Congress on
the one hand has been passing
bills which exhort the Presi
dent to undertake a compre
hensive, long - term oceano
graphic program; but Con
gress, on the other hand, has
been chopping millions of dol-1
jars from President Kcnneay s
oceanographic budget which
was to Implement sucn a com
prehensive program.
1 tike exploration in outer
ipaca. oceanographic ex
ploration in the inner space
of the deep oceans is a rel-
'' .lively new concept to Con
gress. President . Kennedy
hat aeked Congress for
. funds to more than double
the government's effort in
both fields. After assuming
office in 1961, Kennedy sent
, .Congress a special message
I on oceanography to support
his request for a f 106 mil
lion program. He saidi :
, ., Knowledge of the oceans
is more than a matter of cur
iosity. Our very survival may
hinge upon it. Although un
derstanding of our marine en
vironment and maps of the
ocean floor would afford to
our military forces a dem
onstrable advantage, we have
thus iar neglected oceanogra
phy. We do not have adequate
charts of more than one or
two per cent of the oceans. ,
. "The seas also offer a
wealth of nutritional resourc
es. They already are a prin
rlnal source of oroteln. Thev
can nrovlde manv times the
current food supply if we but
learn to garner and husband
this self-renewinc? larder . . .
"Mineral resources on land
Will ultimately reach their
limit. But the oceans hold
untapped sources of such bas
ic minerals as salt, potassium
end magnesium in virtually
limitless quantities. We will
be able to extract additional
elements from sea water, such
as manganese, nickel, cobalt
and other elements known to
abound on the ocean floor,
as soon as the processes are
developed to make it econom
ically feasible.
"To predict, and perhaps
some day to control, changes
in weather and climate is of
the utmost importance to man
everywhere. These changes
are controlled to a large and
yet unknown extent by what
happens in the ocean. Ocean
and atmosphere work togeth
er in a still mysterious way
to determine our climate.' Ad
ditional research is necessary
to Identify the factors in this
interplay.
"These are some of the rea
sons which compel us to em
bark upon a national effort
in oceanography."
Congress offered no bas
lc quarrel with this staled
' objective. It g.ve Kennedy
101 million of the $106
million he asked for ocean
: ography that year.
- - Mimmir. San. Warren
G. Magnuaon (D-Wash.) be
came a vocal champion of
intensified oceanographic
'research after conducting
extensive hearings in the .
Senate Commerce commit
.. lee of which be is chairman.
1 Magnuaon in July, 1961,
brought from hit committee
a bill to authorise a 10-year
oceanographic buildup of
research ships and shore fa
cilities. Opponents charged that the
cost, of the Magnuson bill, es
timated at $691.5 million over
10 years, was excessive in
view of other defense expend
itures. They also noted that
the government agencies said
the bill wasn't necessary be
cause authority in law al
ready existed to carry out such
program. Magnuson claim
ed the bill would give them
"legislative guidance" and
the Senate passed the bill SO
to 32.
-. The Jlouse buried, Magnu
spn'a bill and last year pass
ey one of its own to create
a National Oceanographic
Council to develop and co
ordinate a long range ocean
ography program.
me House bill didn't men
tion how much, if any, should
be spent, except for adding a
119,000 appointee to the
'White House staff to assist
the President's science advi
sor in oceanography. Kenne
dy pocket vetoed It without
explanation. Magnuson says
he conferred with Kennedy at
the lime and agreed the veto
was tunable fate for this
laUv-t meaningless bill.
..Anew bill, with administra
tion backing, was approved
a few weeks ago by the House
Merchant Marine and Fish
eries committee. It declares
that it is U.S. policy "to de
velop, encourage and main
tain a coordinated, compre
hensive and long - range na
tional program in oceanogra
phy for the benefit of man
kind, defense against attack
from the oceans, and opera
tion of our own surface and
subsurface naval forces with
maximum efficiency, rehabil
itation of our commercial
fisheries, and increased utili
zation of these and other re
sources.":' , , '! ' :
. Moreover, this bill says
"furtherance of this policy
requires that adequate pro
vision be made for continu
ing - systematic research.
; ( 1 ' ' '
0
IHMHMMei3A K ,i'H lift 'i ,...! i Tfcl MMWOIi e 1
FAREWELL PARTY Retiring after 15.
.years as stenographer for. the real estate.,
; and escrow department of the Mcdford
branch of the First National Bank, Mrs.
Fern Dow was honored by fellow employees
Thursday, A gift of a tea cart was presented
PORK & BEANS TEASDAIE In Tomato
FISHER'S
BISKIT MIX
C & H CANE
SUGAR
A & P OR KROGERS BRAND
CRUSHED PINEAPPLE
CARNATION
CREAMERY BUTTER
OVEN FRESH
WHITE BREAD
JORGENSEN'S-AU FLAVORS
ICE MILK
JORGENSEN'S MELLORINE ... . ......
HAILEYS-GRAPE DRINK OR
ORANGE DRINK
SKIPPY .,..,.
DOG FOOD
McLEODS
GOLDEN HONEY
CAMPBELL'S
CAiine io-oi.
wurg t
limit S, oleeie VJ
ESeliuic&CQinift To
studies and surveys of the
ocean and its resources, and
of the total marine environ
ment, the development of
new and improved tech
n i q u e s, instruments, or
equipment for oceanograph
ic research and surveys, the
education and training of
scientists and technicians
through a sustained and ef
fective program, and en
couragement of internation
al cooperation in marine
research and surveys in the
national interest."
The bill would require the
President to develop such a
program . by assigning vari
o u s oceanographic duties
among federal agencies. Ken
nedy has done this. . : . .
The bill would require the
president to report to Con
gress each February on the
to her. Shown above, left to right, preparing
to cut a cake are Dick Payne, real estate
officer of the local branch, Mrs. Dow, and
Robert Ross, vice president and general man
ager of the Mcdford branch.
2j!!s j
FRESH
Ground Beef 3
y
int
Pint
P l
Carton
general status of the ocean
ography effort, the amount of
funds Congress should appro
priate for marine sciences for
each federal agency, and fu
ture plans including any new
legislation required to meet
the national oceanographic
goals.
Such an annual appraisal
could provide a meaningful
pioture if it were candid
enough to point up shortcom
ings as well as advances. For
example, one of the most
needed items in the Navy pro
gram is new ships, and yet
Congress this summer "saved"
$20 million by rejecting two
of the three, new ships the
Navy requested.
With the present ocean
ographic fleet available to the
Navy, its bottom mapping and
other tasks would take 30 to
FRY
Soran's Whole
Fresh
Frosted ..... lb.
Bologna
Tasty Brand
By the
Piece . ... ...
GROUND HOURLY
Sauce 2V2
Tins
40-01. Pkg. 39'
10 lb Bag ?.09
... No. 2 Tin 4 for
. Mb. Pkg. 59'
... 22'Vo. loaf 4 for
99
,
46-ot. Tin 3 'or
No. 1 Tin 6
- 5 lb.
CARNATION LIMIT 2
COTTAGE CHEESE
IFimioDDce Oceon St isdv Proa
40 years. To reduce this time
period, the Navy figures it
needs three new ships annual
ly but only Congress can
provide the Kinds.
The desire to economize is
always popular, but it hasn't
crippled the race to the moon
as noticeably as: it has the
race to the bottom of the sea.
But- congressjpnal short
changing isn't the only hand
icap oceanography suiters
and some say it's not the most
serious problem. '
"Our main problem is get
ting qualified oceanographic
personnel,", said, a Navy offi
cial. He and others have made
hundreds of talks in high
schools to stimulate inter
est in oceanography as a
career. A measure of the
expansion of education in
this field' is that before
World War II only three col
leges offered degrees in
oceanography, (while today
17 offer degrees in marine
sciences and about 35 have
an oceanography curricu
lum. . i
The most widely recognized
include University of , Wash
ington, Oregon State univer
sity, UCLA, and Scripps In
stitution at La Jolla, Calif.,
on the Pacific Coast;- Texas
A & M and the University of
Miami in the South; and Johns
Hopkins, Columbia universi
ty, University of Rhode Is
land, and Woods' Hole Ocean
ographic Institution on the At
lantic Coast. ,,,
Despite the expansion in
oceanographic curricula, it is
difficult to secure sufficient
teaching staffs because most
skilled oceanographers would
prefer to be engaged in actual
research. Fewer than 100 de
grees in oceanography are
awarded yearly.
Kennedy's 10-year program
optimistically anticipates an
annual 10 per cent growth in
oceanographic manpower
compared to about a seven per
cent growth rate for all sci
ences. This is expected to re
sult from transfer of scientists
from other basic fields such
as physics, geology, chemistry,
biology, math and engineer
ing. The worst shortages are ex
pected in the areas of physi
T
Cream Puffs,
Chocolate Eclairs
RAISIN NUT
BREAD 15-oz. loaf
Gal. 49'
Vt GAL- 59c
24 VARIETIES
COOKIES
700
for 59'
Tin 98'
LARGE SIZE UNICED
ANGEL FOOD
CAKE
LA CRONA
LUNCHEON MEAT
cal and meteorological ocean
ography, with scarcities also
in systematic biologists, ma
rine geophysicists and geo-
BUILDING CITY JacK Foster. 61-ycar-old businessman, is
" loo exenea lo sleep . Tne cause of nis sieepiessmncss is a
city, the first one that Foster has ever decided to build.
Called Foster City, il is located on Brewer Island, near
the San Francisco Peninsula 20 miles south cf the city. (UPI)
SW1EV1 SUIT 1
NOW
$7.99
$10.99-312.99
LOCALLY GROWN
BIGY'
EVERYTHING BAKED RIGHT
Not Fresh Daily . . . .FRESH HOURLY!
2
TO CHOOSE FROM
S rfcz.
SC3
.ea. W
DOLE
FRUIT
303
Tin
ehemists. Marine biologists
and geologists are being train
ed at an adequate rate.
The Soviet Union also has
Regular $10.95 to $23.95
Two Famous Brands
If. 1
112 EAST MAIN ST. fcj
BAKERY
IN THE STORE
jIs!!! C
If you can't find
the Bakery Item
you want, please
call on us to help
you.
aiMmiiiiy
LIMIT 5 TINS
CCCXTAIL
1 ES
manpower shortage problems.
Her professional oceanograph
ic staff is estimated at 500 to
700 scientists and 1600 tech
nicians, smaller than the
American staff. "
Despite the cold war rival
ry and the national security
emphasis on the buildup of
oceanographic research by
both the United States and
Russia, both governments are
cooperating with 30 other na
tions in the International In
dian Ocean Expedition, a 5
year effort to learn more
about the least known of the
world's oceans. Another such
effort is the International Co
operative Investigations of the
Tropical Atlantic. The U.S.
plans to invest $70 to $90 mil
lion in such cooperative ven
tures in the coming decade.
While Russia and the U.S.
lead in oceanography re
search, Japan, the United
Kingdom and Canada are
also making substantial ef
forts and 39 other countries
are active in the common
. 's
Wi', 4 I ttaMMaMMi
When emergency expenses catch you short, take a short
cut to a balanced budget. See us about a prompt, private
cash loan. Pressed for time? Telephone first then stop in.
CITY FINANCE COMPANY
185 E. Main St. Phone: 482-2431, Ashland
Life insurance available on all loans at low group rates
SS22 TO
$150022
DOZEN .....
FRESH BULK-NO TOP
Carrots ' '.. 9'
WASHINGTON FANCY ! '
Wlnesap Apples ib 70'
SWEET & JUICY - LARGE SIZE
Nectarines ib. 79'
CASABA, PERSIAN, HONEY DEW
Mixed Melons : ib. 9'
FROZEN FOODS
BRIDGFORDS FROZEN WHOLE WHEAT OR
WHITE BREAD ;.. .3 49c
PICTSWEET
LEMONADE
PICTSWEET ECONOMY PACK VEGETABLES
PEAS, CUT CORN, POTATOES, STEW VEGETABLES
21b. pkg., Your Choice, 49c
l!
SHOPPING
ream
-
quest to solve the riddles of.
the deep. : -'i, i
And although military strat
egy is the impelling force in
the major efforts of the big
powers, the oceanography ef
forts of the small nations sug
gest the universal urge to par
ticipate in this bold adven
ture of man in the alien en
vironment of the ocean depths
which is destined to bring
back magnificent treasures
for generations to come in
a world stabilized by peace.
ASHLEY
STOVES
Parts 1 Repair Service
BIG Y
FEEDS Seed
1948 Pac. Hwy. No.
773-3160
" . ''V : '
......I. 9 for $1.00
OPEN EVERY DAY
9 A.M. lo 9 P.M.
We Give and
Redeem
SILVER
DOLLAR
STAMPS
Si
n
THE
J J COB