12 A
. WEDNESDAY. AUGUST' 14. 1IM
MEDFORD MAIL TBUUME. MEDFOBD, OftEGO
'Even Keepers' Said Escaping From Behind Berlin Barricade
JOSEPH B. FLEMING
Berlin .HOT - "Conditions
re to bad in the prison that
even the keepers are escap
ing." ' - " ' '
That'ra popular West Ber
liner's description of East
Berlin two. years after the
building of the anti-refugee
wall that divides the city. '
The wall, built by the Com
munists on Aug. 13, 1961, has
not solved the satellite East
Germans' problems, nor has
it helped stabilize the regime
s the Communists had hoped.
'It did halt the mass flood
of refugees that threatened to
bleed East Germany white.
But East Germans still brave
death almost daily to flee by
every-conceivable means.-:
7 And the prison's keepers -the
police, soldiers and border
guards - are escaping in ever
increasing numbers.
Would Bisk Depopulation:
Western officials say the
Communists would risk - the
almost complete depopulation
of East Germany if they took
the wall down now.
Two years ago when the
wail went up East Germans
were fleeing through the West
Berlin hole in the. Iron cur
tain at. the. rate of up to 100
an hour
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STABS MABBY-Slnger Robert Goulet and his bride, musical
comedy actress Carol Lawrence, smile happily after their
wedding In New York. (UPI)i, . v. v
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Your Money's
By SYLVIA PORTIR
CoyrtiM. HsH Syndic, las.-.
COLLECT THIS INFORMATION VIII ; ' ' .
This is the eighth In a serlas of nine articles. .
So far this series has concentrated, on what you .can
deduct. But, let me warn .you again, no matter how valid
your entertainment expense may be under the new rules,
you will lose your deduction if you don't keep proper rec
ords.'. ;. -O'.' ': ' '..'
Basing your expense account deductions on estimates
alone, under the old Cohan Yule, is finished.
Under the Cohan rule as developed by the courts', if you
could prove that you had some deductible expenditures,
though not the precise amounts, you were entitled to deduct
a reasonable estimate. While the courts-would weigh your
own estimate against you because, of your failure to keep
records, the net effect was to allow you to take a substan
tial deduction despite your failure to keep proper records.
But the Treasury convinced Congress that this rule per
mitted taxpayers to deduct entertainment and traveling ex
penses to which they, were not entitled. Congress changed
, the law so that if you don't have proper records now,. you
may lose all of your deductions. ' ; .
.''The Cohan rule - was limlnatad only for travel
' penses away from home,' entertainment 'expenses and
' business gifts, though. You still can use the Cohan rule (
" to Justify deductions for seasonable estimates of other ;'
types of expenses., even II yout records don't support '
1 them to Ihe penny. " 1 , . '
" Here is the information you must have in order to make
your expense account deductions affected by the 1601 law
stand up. ''''.''"' ' ' t
For Traveling Expenses! .' v
, Cost, including transportation, meals and lodging,, and
Incidentals such as telephone and telegraph, etc.;
Time, including departure and return date tor each trip,
and the number of days away from home spent on business;
Place, or places of travel, by name of city, town, etc.v -Business
reason for trip, or nature of the business benefit-derived
or expected to be derived as a result of travel
to each place. . '
For Entertainment Expenses in Generali
Cost;
.'--.Time, including date; . , '..
' Place or places, including ni; address or location and
description of the entertainment, such as dinner or theatre,
if not otherwise apparent;
i Business purpose, Including business reason or nature of
the business benefit derived or expected to be derived, from
the entertainment, and the nature of any business discus
sion or activity. (For "quiet business meals," nature of busi-
, ness, discussion or activity is not required);
- ' Business relationship of each person entertained for
wiiuin a ucuui-uuii la ciaiuira, inciuaing name or uue, oc
cupation or other designation which shows business rela
tionship to you. If you think you can later recall the per
son's title, occupation, etc., keeping the name will be enough.
You can give an examining agent the additional Information.
.11 the entertainment directly precedes or fellows a
substantial and bona fide business discussion, yeu must
also have the following information in addition te what .
is generally required. .
. Time, Including date and length of business discus
sion! . - .
' Place of the discussion)
- Business purpose. Including nature af Ihe discus
sion, and business reason for the entertainment, or na
ture of business benefit derived or expected le be de
rived from Ihe entertainment.
Business relationship, including identification of those
participating in the business discussion.
In the final column of this series, I'll explsin how you
shouldLkeeu. the .required information and supporting evi
dence I
In July, the last full month
before the wall, 30,000 East
Germans walked ' or rode
across the East-West border.
The wall along the 28-mile
East-West Berlin border halt
ed that mass flow. In the two
years since the wall 16,454
refugees have managed to get
to the West. The first year
12,000 got out. Strengthened
controls the second year cut
the number to 4,496.
But the number of escaping
soldiers and police has increas
ed. The first year 400 soldiers,
border guards and policemen
fled. The second year 904.
Only fear of retaliation
against their families and lack
of opportunity keep most bor
der guards from fleeing, de
fectors have reported.
Despised by Civilians
Morale is said to be ex
tremely low because the sol
diers are despised, by civilians
for guarding the wall.
Pfc. Manfred Tucher, 21,
who fled to the U. S. Army's
Checkpoint ' Charlie last
month, said "No matter how
crowded a train is no other
passenger will take a vacant
seat next to a border guard.
"I was stationed in East
Berlin almost two. years ago
and never got to know a girl.
They wouldn't' tlk' ii Us. Out
side of the men In my com
pany I had no friends." .-
Pfc- Heinz Heger, 20, who
also fled, said: "More than
half of my unit-would defect
to the West in the first few
days if war broke out. They
would not fight for the regime
or shoot at West Germans.
At the most 30 per cent are
Communists."
; Esst German deserters say
most -border guards shoot to
miss at refugees and even, de
liberately get bad scores in
target practice to cover up.
: This would account for the
fact that refugee after refugee
gets-, safely to the West al
though they often escape un
der Eastern police gunfire.
However, some guards do
shoot to kill.
Since the wall 65 refugees
have died, 54 trying to reach
West Berlin and 11 on the
East-West German border.
Tell Believed Higher
It is believed the death toll
Is much higher but only 65
deaths have been documented.
Western officials say without
doubt others have been killed
in deserted areas or behind
the wall at night when there
were no eyewitnesses.
How many have been ar
rested trying ' to flee, is "not
known. " '.
Lt. Coi. . Martin Loeffler,
who commanded an East Ger
man army regiment before be
fled, estimated only one in 10
refugees gets through. ' .
Those who do get through
use every conceivable tech
nique. They have swam lakes
and rivers, broke through the
wall in a stolen Russian-made
armored car, crossed mine
fields in horse-drawn sleds.
There was even a circus per
former who crossed a 100
yard long cable 50 feet above
the ground.
And then there are the tun
nels. One 60-yard tunnel that
took five months - to build
from East to' West Berlin res
cued 13. One blind woman
was guided through by her
sister. A 70-year-old grand
mother was pulled along un
conscious by a rope tied to!
her legs. Two small boys who)
were taken on a tunnel es
cape were told to pretend
they were playing groundhog.,
ill
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c.
TO THOSE WE
SERVE
beautiful
a quiet
M. Lirwiller
surroundings,
location, we
with devotion to
all who call.
111
Mrs. Litwillcr
New, Economy Ambulance Service, Non-Emergency for Medford!
CALL LITVVILICD 1811 Ashland St.
482-2816
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