6 A
Pasture Operation
Findings Reported
Corvallis - For maximum
forage production from peren
nial grasses, proper manage
ment of subclover planted in
combination with the grass is
a "must," says Dr. D. W. Hed-
FROM
THE
GROUND
UP
y BART lARTLtTI
Daily temperatures have
risen some In the local area.
Tomatoes still have to, as
they have been doing, set
'fruit at temperatures of
around 46 to 50 degrees Fab
: renheit night temperatures.
Local produce of many
sorts is now available in the
valley. Many families should
take advantage of the oppor
: tunity to enjoy the products
of this area. Many of the
items that are in plentiful
suDDly now can be preserved.
canned, frozen, or pickled for
. later use this winter. A local
family can be better fed for
the next two months for less
money than at any other time
of the year. It is also good for
the local economy when the
local produce growers can sell
the products of their farms.
, This is a good time of year
to make some decisions re
garding the specimen or
shade trees that are to be
planted around homes. At this
time, one can determine the
amount of shade provided by
a given species of tree.
. It is also easy to determine
certain other important facts
about shade trees. A very im
portant consideration should
be whether or not the tree is
susceptible to insects and dis
eases. In the case of elms in
certain' areas, most of the
leaves may be gone now due
to insect pests. Other trees
may be dripping an undue
amount of honey-dew all over
lawns or anything else that Is
beneath them. This is due to
thA fnM that irh trM ore
well infested by aphids and
only expensive sprays will
control the pest. Some shade
trees are dirty in that they
shed leaves, floral parts or
bark most of the year. There
are clean, disease and Insect
free trees and they should be
chosen for planting around
Jiomes. One such species that
should be considered is the
horse chestnut or buckeye,
Hay fields will often yield
a good or better second cut
ting of hay if some nitrogen
fertilizer is used just after
the 'first cutting has been
made. Too many hay farmers
are still trying to grow hay
with water.
Pears are somewhat small
sized at this time. They may
grow relatively fast between
now and-harvest time. Pick
ing pears t'.iis year will be a
major chore. Bumper fruit
crops are the easiest ones to
harvest as pickers are more
content and planning In gen
eral is easier. ; , .
Bart is especially pleased
with the excellent quality of
the crops being grown by the
Jackson county court at the
farm home. The quality claim
for the area is all we are
proud of however. If
it's good to deprive local pro
duce growers of this business
in order to better feed and
"happy up" the prisoners.
let s take another look at how
some of the same objectives
could be met. Let's put some
of these men on highway
crews and parks maintenance
crews. The air is Just as fresh
The prisoners should be as
busy as in growing farm pro
duce. The country Is drown'
ing in farm produce NOWI!
4
Pig Canes
Coat Dressing
Animal Brushes
Show Halters &
Fly Sprays
& Sprayers
Water Buckets
Other Items!
II wrier items: show Supplies J
TUESDAY. AUGUST I. 1M3
rick, Oregon State university
professor of range, manage
ment. Five years of research 'just
ended by OSU on manage
ment of orchardgrass and sub
clover mixtures on improved
pastures in Western Oregon
shows the need for maintain
ing a proper balance between
the grass and legume. Hed
rick explained that subclover
is valuable for two reasons:
First, it supplies nitrogen to
the grass wherever the legume
makes up a substantial part
of the stand, and second, it
improves the nutritive value
of the forage. Close to 80 per
cent subclover seems desira
ble, he reports.
He pointed out that many
farmers have been unable- to
maintain good grass-legume
mixtures because of failure to
manage them properly.
As a result of the OSU
study, Hedrick makes the fol
lowing recommendations for
maintaining the proper
amount of subclover in combi
nation with orchardgrass:
1. Remove all material
(both green and dry) from the
area before fall rains start,
2. If nitrogen fertilizer is
added, apply 40 pounds per
acre in the spring. Remove
heavy roughage at least once
a year before Sept. 1 by clip
ping or close grazing.
3. Although maximum
y i e 1 d s of grass can be ob
tained by two clippings or
grazings per season, at least
three should be used on sub
clover.
4. Grazing management
and addition of nitrogen ferti
lizer have only a slight effect
in shifting the proportion of
production to an earlier or
later part of the growing sea
son. '
Therefore, in cases where
the spring surplus cannot be
used efficiently, carefully
1 m e d grazing or clipping
sometime in May can improve
quality and acceptability of
forage stored on the ground
for use later in the summer.
For example: close grazing or
clipping, from mid-to-late May
prevents further grass seed
production and Insures leafy
regrowth for use in July and
August. .
5. Close grazing or cupping
periodically, together with
adequate phosphate fertilizer,
is essential for maintaining
productive subclover -grass
stands.
The OSU study was made
on unirrigated, improved hill
pastures in the Willamette
Valley. Although the study
was with orchardgrass-sub-
clover, the researcher says he
feels that same principles ap
ply to management of other
perennial grass-subclover mix
tures grown under similar
conditions.
Bakers Advised
To Plan Labels
Salem-Oregon bakery oper
ators are being urged by the
Oregon Department of Agri
culture to start planning their
new bread labels, required un
der the bread label and adver
tising requirements that be
come effective Jan. 1, 1964. .
Kenneth Carl, chief of the
dairy and consumer services
division of the department,
has suggested that bakeries
submit sketches or black and
white label proofs for depart
ment examination prior to
printing to ascertain that the
labels meet all requirements.
The bakery law, designed
to protect the consumer, re
quires that the label give the
minimum net weight and have
the weight size, such . as
"standard 1 o a f," "standard
large loaf," "standard extra
large loaf," "balloon," "bal
loon loaf" or "balloon bread."
- H & FFA
SHOW
SUPPLIES!
r j
Animal Shampoo II
Curry Combs
Show Canes
Leads
We give a 10V
Discount to 4-H
4 FFA Members
n purchases of
Shew Supplies
6th A Bartlett
South Fir 10th B
Chift
By JCE
Mail Tribune
To the average person Common Market and GATT (Gen
eral Agreement on Tariffs
little or nothing.
However, the GATT negotiations recently, and pending
results, mean a great deal to the U. S. fruit industry. If
you have relatives back in Georgia or any of the other great
southern poultry producing states you have probably heard
that broiler prices have dropped seriously due to unfair dis
crimination by the Common
exports.
Pacific Coast fruit shippers, in particular, are watching
the U. S. negotiators' .treatment of the poultry discrimination
as a trade weathervane. If the finger remains pointed at
France and later West Germany, then the U. S. team of
negotiators (the trade administrative agency headed by Chris
tian Herter) should start retaliatory trade crackdown pro
cedures against France.
This means that the U. S. can set equally high tariffs
against U. S. importation of French wines and cheeses, for
example. Although somewhat skeptical when Herter was
appointed to head these negotiations earlier, U. S. industry
and agriculture now have complete faith in Herter, accord
ing to reports. This is the one optimistic note in the current
negotiations. That, and perhaps, the earlier settlement of
U.S. textile and glass export,
Under the new trade expansion act the agency headed
by Herter has expanded powers. But, the fruit industry is
pressing the negotiating team
so fruit can be shipped into Europe in time for the Christmas
trade. This means that the fruit must be in Europe or on its
way at least by October 'to
ripening time, much less time
red tape at the overseas end.
' So, the negotiators have about 30 days in which to make
their pressure felt, if they are going to do any good for the
fruit industry this year.
Working behind the scenes
tions as he has worked consistently In all other trade mat
ters affecting the U. S. fruit industry has been Ray Reter,
of Reter Fruit company, Medford. His report to us was
somewhat delayed due a flu
a stak of mail on his desk which required action first.
Ray was gone from May 11
ed a U. S. Export Council meeting in Washington, D. C. Then
he went to New York City where he attended a board meet
ing of Pacific Northwest Bell Telephone company. He at
tended a trade council meeting in Geneva,, Switzerland on
GATT and Common Market problems, visited in Paris and the
export markets of Homburg, Stockholm, London and Helsinki.
Sen. Wayne Morse (D-Ore.)
departments of state, USDA,
report on the conference is sprinkled with such names as
Jack Behrman, assistant secretary of commerce for Inter
national trade, Dr. Roland R. Renne, assistant secretary of
agriculture, Leonard Weiss, director, office of international
trade, state department, John
treasury. .
. At these meetings Reter detailed the problems of the fruit
Industry on exports with emphasis on apples and pears. He
stressed the "Kennedy Round" non-tariff barriers including
minimum prices, grades and chemicals, the Article Twenty-
Three action against France,
ing fruit Into European countries, balance of payments and
action under Section 292 of
emphasized the lack of results
Purpose of the ministerial
was merely to establish procedures and agenda for the "Ken
nedy round" of negotiations in 1964, it was explained.
All officials, contacted in
U. S. is committed to retaliating bi-laterly against French
exports to the U. S. if the French do not lower their non-
tariff barriers and tariff barriers.
Restrictions on apples and
opening dates may have to be phased out, it has been indi
cated since the French also have a problem with their own
growers.
Other nations on the rim of
watching to see how successful
concessions with France. One
has the equivalent of $1 a box duty oh pears to Dec. 31 and
$1 a box duty on apples to Jan. 28. This effectively keeps
out U. S. pears and apples. It has been the largest single
country buying U. S. apples and pears except for the United
Kingdom. A five year average
ing 390,000 boxes of pears and
Once Sweden knocks her
other large importer of the U.
same. West Germany also used to be a large importer of
U. S. apples and pears before
Since writing the above,
invited representatives of the fruit and fruit products indus
try to Washington, D. C, last week. Last Thursday he in
formed the industry that the French counter offer is that
the U. S. is entitled to compensation per annum for $28,300,
000 worth of products under Article 23.
In effect, France has insulted the industry by offering to
take $600,000 of canned fruit products in 1965, but not before
the Christmas shipping season
amount of asparagus, no pineapple or prunes. And, by the
fall of 1963 would take 600 tons of apples and pears.
The 1963 shipment of apples and pears must grade extra
quality and only a limited amount of this will be allowed
to enter France in November and December. France will
take an equal amount of apples and pears In 1964 and
lower the quality required to Class I or U. S. I grade.
"The fruit industry considers this a sharp insult after
negotiating all these years and is requesting Herter to reject
the offer and immediately retaliate sgainst France by restrict
ing the U.S. importation of significant and prominent agri
culture products from France into the U. S. such as wines
and cheeses," Reter said.
The fruit Industry In Oregon knows it will have the
continued support of Sen. Wayne Morse (D-Ore.) and congrcs- j
sional leaders from other agricultural states whose products
have been discriminated against
CRATER LAKE MOTORS
D. E. GILKSORE SPECIAL
Buy At Wholesale!
'61 CHEV
Impsla 4-Dr., H T., Auto., R. & H., P.S., $1017
P.B., Wn $2099 NOW I Owf
lut. Ph. 773-7594 8th A Fir Rat. Ph. 582-3944
Chert
COWLEY
Farm Editor
and Trade) negotiations mean
Market against U. S. poultry
..
problems.
to exert these powers NOW
allow for shipping time and
for untangling all, the trade
in the recent GATT negotia
bug picked up in France and
to June 26. He first attend
arranged meetings with the
commerce and treasury. The
C. Bulllt, assistant secretary of
earlier opening dates for bring
the Trade Expansion act. He
to date for apples and pears.
meeting in Geneva May 16-21
Washington, D. C. agreed the
pears based on progressive
the Common Market will be
the U. S. Is In getting trade
of these is Sweden which now
ligure shows Sweden import
a half million boxes of apples.
high tariff down, Norway, an
S. fruit, is expected to do the
its high tariffs.
we have learned that Herter
of 1965. This includes a minor
by France.
National Marketing Education Program
Developed by Oregon State Specialists
Corvallis - An educational
program which will be used
throughout the United States
to assist directors of agricul
tural marketing firms in their
roles as company decision
makers has been developed by
two specialists of the Oregon
State University Cooperative
Extension service.
. Leon Garoian and Arnold
Haseley, extension marketing
management specialists, have
worked for the past two years
on the project. The work was
done under contract between
the Oregon extension service
and federal extension service,
U. S. Department of Agricul
ture. The program marks the
first national effort of exten
sion to create an educational
program for boards of direc
tors. It will supplement two
e a r 1 ier programs developed
Farm &
Most Crops Down
In Production
Corvallis - When the 1963
harvest is over and final
counts made, Oregon growers
expect to find smaller fruit,
nut, vegetable and feed grain
crops, but more wheat and
hay, reports Mrs. Elvera Hor
rell, Oregon State university
extension agricultural econo
mist. "
Apples and walnuts appear
to be the only tree crops in
the state with prospects for a
larger harvest this year, she
noted from U. S. Department
of Agriculture reports and
other' information. Oregon's
apple crop may top 1962 by 9
per cent and there may be 17
per cent more walnuts than
last year's short crops.
This would result in an
above-average crop for apples,
but still much below average
for walnuts, she pointed out.
Oregon's peach production
looks to be the smallest since
1950. Bartlett pears are only
half of last year's record and
winter pears may have been
cut by nearly a third. Western
Oregon's prune crop was
practically wiped out by
April's poor pollinating weath
er. Young orchards in Milton-
Freewater will account for
the state's .prune crop this
year.
Poor Pollinating
Poor pollinating weather
reduced sweet cherries to only
about half of 1962's output
and sour cherries amounted to
only little more than a fourth
of last year's record high,
Mrs. Horrell noted. Filberts,
hard hit by wind last fall, ap
pear to be down some 15 per
cent, the lowest since 1956.
Unfavorable growing
weather cut strawberry pro
d u c t i o n 11 per cent under
1962 and three per cent below
average. Fewer boysen, young
and loganberries are expected
this year, but more black
raspberries and about the
same volume of red rasp
berries. Snap beans and green peas,
two of Oregon's major vege
table crops for processing,
may also be lower. However,
the expected one per cent
drop in snap beans would still
leave this crop the third larg
est of record and a fifth above
average, she continued.
Green peas may turn out as
much as six per cent below
last year's near average crop.
No estimates are yet available
on beets and sweet corn for
processing, but beet average
is up this year and sweet corn
is in better condition than
this time last year, Mrs. Hor
rell observed.
Oregon's late summer po
tato crop looks to be six per
cent below last year and 11
per cent below average. Fall
acreage is down 1000 acres or
four per cent from last year.
Prospects are for fewer sugar
beets in the state.
Oregon feed grain produc
tion is expected to be down 12
per cent this year, as less oats
and barley more than off-set
gains in corn. Food grains
may be up four per cent, with
both wheat and rye topping
last year. Oregon's hay crop
is placed eight per cent higher
o FRANKLIN
o CUTTER
4-H FFA MeMkeW
Your Ameses' HaeJt t
A M u t &
Wa Main PHamMc
Rtiall V
oaTeiNl
ImMPd
MEDFORD MAIL TRIBUNE, MEDFORD. OREGON
for the management level by
North Carolina State College
and Purdue University.
The major result of the Ore
gon project has been the pub
lication 6? a manu..l entitled
"The Board of Directors in
Agricultural Marketing Busi
nesses." The manual, to help
directors understand the
board's role in managing busi
ness corporations, will be dis
tributed nationally through
extension specialists in mar
keting and firm management,
Material Tested
Before the manual was pub
lished, the educational ma
terial was thoroughly tested
by the specialists. Seven dif
ferent tests of the subject mat
ter were made with different
industries and types of boards,
both proprietary and coopera
tive. The overall objectives of
Garden
than 1962's slightly above
average output.
Nationally, as in O r e g o n
the weather holds the key to
the season's final production
even more than usual. Total
crop a c r e a g e in the United
States is up slightly from last
year s record low.
The July 1 U. S. forecast
called, for more grains, but
less hay; a record sugar beet
crop and more dry beans and
peas, and fewer fruits and
vegetables but more nuts.
Livestock Market
Slow on Feeders
Over 800 Pounds
Midway Auction yard Fri
day, Aug. 2 sold a total of 446
cattle, according to Bill Bray,
owner-manager. i
"The market was slow on
stockers and feeders over 800
pound s," Bray commented.
"It was about steady on cows,
veal and 600 to 700 pound
yearlings. There' was lower
interest in low quality stock
ers and feeders."
"This condition Is a direct
r e a c t i o n to the weakening
price on cnolce fed cattle,"
Bray said.
Good steer calves sold at
$24 to $36.50. Medium steer
calves sold at $21 to $24 and
common dairy cross steer
calves brought $18 to $21.
Good to choice heifer calves
went out at $22.50 to $25.
Medium heifer calves sold for
$20 to $22.
Good yearling steers,
weighing 500 to 600 pounds,
sold for $23 to $24.40. Good
steers, at 650 to 740 pounds,
went for $23 to $23.60. Good
steers weighing 750 to 900
pounds sold for $20 to $22.90.
Medium grade steers, at 600
to 900 pounds, sold for $18 to
$22.
Good yearling heifers, sold
mostly at $19 to $21.50. The
lower quality heifers went out
at $16 to $19.
Holstein steer calves sold
for $21 to $22.80. Yearling
Holstein steers went out at
$20 to $21.80.
Choice veal calves, 300 to
400 pounds, sold for $24 to
$25. Far calves, 450 to 600
pounds, went for $23 to
$24.50.
Young, fat cows sold for
$15.50 to $16.50. Heavy util
ity cows brought $13.50 to
$15.25. Cutters sold for $12
to $13 and canners at $8 to
$12.10.
"We are expecting a
heavier run of cattle from
now on," Bray said. "It is now
more important than ever to
notify us in advance If you
are sending your cattle to us
so we can contact the proper
buyers for your class of cattle.
Help us to help you."
ILLEGAL TO ESCAPE
Vandalia, Ohio -IUPD- The
city council Monday night
passed an ordinance making
it illegal to escape from the
city jail.
VACCINES!
MEDICINALS!
INSTRUMENTS!
And thtr luppliti e litep
your livttfock tnt pttt
htjlthy and well ireomtd!
Cheek we mUsI
Greening ieeelM
the training program include
helping the director to under
stand the board's role in man
agement, improve board ef-
fectivenes, understand board
executive relationships, estab
lish effective objectives, goals
and policies, appraise plans,
establish adequate control and
to achieve company growth
through long range planning.
While the directorate train
ing program was developed
primarily for boards of direc
tors and executive manage
ment of farmer cooperative
marketing corporations, it has
been tailored to meet the
needs of boards of other cor
porations not organized as co
operatives. The specialists believe the
subject matter is adaptable to
boards of directors in such in
dustries as retail and whole
sale food distributions, bank
ing and credit institutions
serving agricultural busineses
and other firms in the mar
keting and supply channels
and service corporations.
A companion publication to
be used by extension special
ists and corporate training
directors who work directly
with boards of directors was
also developed by Garoian
and Haseley.
Working with the Oregon
specialists on the program
was Paul Mohn, economist in
marketing firm management
with federal extension serv
ice, who served as contract
officer for the project
Serving on the consulting
committee were George
Abshier, Oklahoma State Uni
versity; Wendell C. Binkley,
University of Kentucky; Ken
neth Naden, National Council
of Farmer Cooperatives; Hom
er J. Presto n, Farmer Co
operative Service; and Ken
neth Stern, American Insti
tute of Cooperation.
Programs Listed
The program will be pre
sented to national groups for
the first time at two meetings
scheduled at the University of
Nebraska in Lincoln. Garoian,
Haseley and Mohn are all
scheduled to present the pro
gram at the Land Grant Uni
versity Conference on Farmer
Cooperatives in August and at
a general session of the Amer
ican Institute of Cooperation's
summer conference on farm
business Aug. 4 to 7.
The directorate training
program will also be the sub
ject of four regional training
conferences for extension per
sonnel and agricultural lead
ers. Garoian, Haseley and
Mohn will introduce the pro
gram at metings built around
the theme "The Role of the
Board of Directors in Business
Management."
The first conference is set
for Aug. 8 to 10 at the Uni
versity of Nebraska. , Other
sessions are scheduled for
New York City, Sept. 11 to
13; Birmingham, Ala., Sept.
16 to 18, and at Oregon State
university, Sept. 24 to 26.
"Never saw
so few mites
in our
apple crop"
Gardening Tips
By JOHN McLOUGHLIN
County Extension Agent
Caterpillars
Inspect your trees for the
yellow necke.. and red hump
ed caterpillars. These cater
pillers are black and yellow
striped and may be up to two
inches in length. They feed
in colonies on the leaves of
plants and frequently defoli
ate small trees or the branch
es of large trees.
Protein Content
Down In Wheal,
OSU Tests Reveal
Corvallis - Preliminary ob
servations point toward a low-er-than-normal
protein content
in Oregon's 1963 soft white
wheat crop, thanks to cool
growing conditions, reports
Norman Goetze, Oregon State
University extension farm
crops specialist.
Protein level of Pacific
Northwest soft white wheat
was recently spotlighted. Buy
ers for the big Japanese mar
ket expressed concern about
prospective 1963-64 shipments
of Western. White Wheat
blend, because of high protein
content which presents prob
lems in its use for biscuit and
pastry purposes in that coun
try. , Extended cool temperatures
during maturation for the
1963 crop has allowed deposits
of carbohydrates in the wheat
kernels up to maturity, giving
a generally lower protein
level, Goetze explained.
Nitrates picked up by the
wheat plant are deposited in
the young kernel in the form
of protein after flowering and
through the soft dough stage.
Carbohydrates are deposited
in the soft kernel and through
maturation unless something,
such as drought or high temp
eratures, interferes with late
carbohydrate deposits.
At the same time, Goetze
revealed that protein tests run
on the 1962 Gaines seed wheat
production showed an average
protein content of 9.2 per cent
on a 14 per ceut moisture
basis. Protein ranged from a
low of 6.0 per cent to a high
of 14.1 per cent.
The survey, conducted
jointly by the OSU Extension
Service and the Oregon Wheat
Commission, was the f i r s t
such test made on commercial
production of the new variety
which is widely planted in the
Pacific Northwest for the first
time this year.
Goetze emphasized that the
test results are not exactly
what could be expected under
normal cropping operations.
He pointed out that many of
the 206 growers last year
fertilized heavily with nitro
gen in order to get high seed
yields. This may have made
the protein level higher than
could be expected under nor
mal operations.
The answer's right in our spray tank. Kelthane AP.
Must be. Miles were quite a problem last year.
They sure hurt our crop pears as well as apples.
But not this season. Kelthane AP is controlling all
the mites that give us trouble European red,
2-spotted, MeDaniel, Willamette, apple rust, clover.
Mention just about any mite Kelthane controls it.
What made you decide lo switch miticides?
For one thing, I get more action per pound of
Kelthane AP. It gives me high initial kill and long
residual action, and it can be used with most
other pesticides. ,
You're really sold on KELTHANE AP, aren't you?
Why not? It's the best miticide I ever used.
The yellow necked caterpiN
ler has yellow rings around
its neck. It passes the winter
as a brown pupa two or three
inches below the ground. Tha
red humped caterpiller has a
pronounced red hump with a
row of spines projecting;
from it just back of the head.
It passes the winter as a full
grown larva in a cocoon on
the ground.
Both emerge as brown
moths about two inches across
the wings. The female moth
lays 50 to 100 eggs on tha
underside of the leaf. Tha
young caterpillars feed at
first on a single leaf with
their heads all pointing to
wards the leaf's outer edge.
They increase their feeding
area as they grow larger. In
about three weeks the cater
pillars are full grown at
which time they return : to
the ground.
If the infestation is noticed
when the feeding area is)
small, the leaf or twig may
be removed and burned. A
DDT malathion spray will
control infestations of larger
areas.
Tomato Hornworm
The tomato hornworm is a
very common pest in tomato,
pepper and eggpant plant
ings. It is a green worm
three or four inches long:
with a tail-like horn project
ing from the rear of tha
body. This horn cannot sting.
The insect is frequently no
ticed in the garden as a
brown, hard shelled pupa
two inches long when tha
garden is plowed in tha
spring. A swift flying hawk
moth gray or brown in color
with a wing-spread of four or
five inches develops in May
or June from this case. The
moth flies at dusk and feeds
upon the nectar of petunias
and other flowers with tubu
lar corollas.
The moth deposits single
spherical greenish-y e 1 1 o w
eggs on the lower side of tha
leaves of the host plant. In
about a week the small lar
vae hatch from the eggs and
feed ravenously for three or
four weeks. When full grown
the larvae dig with their
mouths and legs about four
inches into the soil and pu
pate. A second generation
may occur or the winter may
be passed in this pupal state.
Hand picking of these
worms is the most common
method of control in tha
home garden.
STOCKMEN
FEED PELLETS
Your coarse or unpalatable
roughage will make a bate
for a modern balanced ration
that you can feed with little
labor and no wattage. The
increased meat or milk pro
duced will give you maii
mum returns on a small cash
investment.
MORTON
MILLING CO.
500 Rest line, Medford
ROHM