"Everyone In Southern Ores em
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ERIC iV ALUtN JR.. Mne Editor
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March 3, 1897
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Flight o' Time
Medford and Jackson County
History from the files of The
Mail Tribune 10, 20, 30, 40
and SO years ago.
10 YEARS AGO
August 1, 1953 (Saturday)
The 1953 Jacksonville Gold
Bush Jubilee opens today. in
the historic community with
parades, contests, entertain
ment, church services, and
speeches.
Mayor Flynn and officials
will meet to set up procedures
for the city and the Veterans
Administration station: with
regard to handling of injured
or sick members who may
come in the custody of Med
ford police.
20 YEARS AGO
August 1, 1943 (Sunday)
Mayor C. A. Meeker pro
claims Aircraft Warning Serv
ice week.
From Arthur Perry's "Ye
Smudge Pot column: "There
has been a lack of fires in
grass, brush or timber this
summer. This is due to cigar
ettes not getting careless after
they are tossed."
30 YEARS AGO
August 1. 1933 (Tuesday)
Northwest fruit industry to
seek'NRA aid.
Grants Pass youth tries ex
tortion and .is nabbed when
he reaches for money.
40 YEARS AGO
August 1, 1923 (Wednesday)
State to vote on income tax
bill coming fall.
Henry Ford silent on run
ning for president.
: 50 YEARS AGO
August 1, 1913 (Friday)
See Oregon First club of
Salem visits in Medford.
More poachers arrested
while fishing at Ament dam.
What's Your I.Q.?
Nina or tan correct h superior)
seven er eight is excellent; five er
sii is good.
1. Standing at the North
Pole, in what direction would
one face?
2. Is a gnu an insect, an
telope, or reptile?
3. Gumbo is a soup thick
ened with mucilaginous pods
of what vegetable?
4. Of what South American
country is Pedro G. Beltran
the prime minister?
5. Would you guess that
the gorilla has the same num
ber of pairs of ribs as man,
more ribs, or fewer ribs?
6. Do biennial elections oc
cur every six months, or ev
ery two years?
7. How many division has
the Zodiac?
8. Is the moon self-luminous?
0. Do opponents in a chess
game use the same or differ
ent color squares?
10. Which sea does port of
Bombay, India face?
Answers! 1. South in all di
rections. 2. Antelope. 3. Okra.
4. Peru. 6. More. 6. Every
two years. 7. Twelve. 9. No.
9. Same 10. Arabian Sea. -
KEPT 'TIGHT COUNT
Detroit urn Recorder's
Court Judge Frank Q. Sche
manske offered John Abra
ham, 58 a sporting chance
Wednesday, telling him he
could go free if he could recall
how many times he had been
brought in on a charge of
drunken ness. "Sure, 240
times, your honor," Abraham
answered promptly. The judge
consulted the record and said,
"You may go." '
VjAMOCIATION
inunouAY. AOiiuai' i. ik3
Central American Conundrum
The reported massing of Guatemalan troops
on the border of British
flare-up in an ancient quarrel.
In the past the Guatemalans have pressed
their claim to the British colony to the point of
sporadic invasion, but Her Majesty's fleet has dis
couraged any real attempt to establish the old
Guatemalan aim by force.
As long ago as 1763 Spain granted British
settlers in the Central American territory certain
restricted rights of occupation. After the battle of
St. George s Cay in 1798, bpam abandoned sov'
ereignty in favor of Britain.
n UATEM ALA in 1821
British Honduras
as the international successor to Spain, although
Guatemalans had never
A British-Guatemala treaty of 1859 finally
established a frontier. Also, Guatemala was to
abandon its territorial claim in return for a Brit
ish agreement o open a line of communication
from Guatemala s landlocked northeastern prov
ince to Peten through British Honduras to the sea,
This provision of the treaty was never car
ried out. The Guatemalan Constitution of 1945
declared Belice to be a part of Guatemala, and in
the same year Guatemala again repudiated the
1859 treaty.
DOTH nations now agree that the issue is suit
able for adjudication by the International
Court of Justice, but Guatemala demands aa
vance recognition of her sovereign rights.
From time to time Guatemalan leaders have
demanded that President Kennedy live up to a
"promise" to mediate
Guatemala s loan of training facilities for Cuban
exiles prior to the April,
Guatemala s territorial claims have been
supported by the Presidents of Nicaragua and
Honduras. At the same
north, Mexico, has revived
duras, again as the successor to Spain.
Despite the geographical proximity, most
British Hondurans do not want to exchange Brit
ish colonialism for Guatemalan. The colony al
ready enjoys a large measure of self-government.
It is scheduled for complete internal autonomy
by the beginning of next year.
.
THE present government of Guatemala was es
tablished earlier this year by an armed for
ces coup which displaced Miguel Ydigoras Fuen
tes, himself a former general, with Col. Enrique
Peralta Azurdia, former minister of defense. The
presidential election scheduled for November
was canceled, but elections "in an effective dem
ocratic climate." were promised in due course.
Inasmuch as the United States has had a
hand in Guatemalan politics for more than a de
cade, the March coup and the revival of the claim
on British Honduras are both embarrassments.
And the claim complicates further the British
problem of the future destiny of the colony. As
the Times of London has pointed out, the only in
ternationally approved destiny for a colony is in
dependence or absorption by a neighboring ex
pansionist country.
At one time there had been a plan for inclus
ion of British Honduras in a West Indies feder
ation. There is still a remote possibility of mem
bership in a Central American union.
' But as the Times goes on to suggest, British
Honduras poses a problem : "What is to be done
with islands and territories too small to be sov
ereign, but prohibited by international morality
from remaining colonial?" E.R.R.
There Goes Another Theatre
It comes as sad news to theatregoers every
where not merely in the Nation's Capital
that a long campaign for maintaining Loew's
Capitol Theatre as a setting for Washington cul
tural events has failed.
Bids were received recently by the National
Press Building Corp., which owns the theatre, to
install office facilities in the space to be evacu
ated. A bill to permit the District of Columbia
Commissioners to lease the theatre for an arts
center cleared the House last year but got no
where in the Senate. The sponsor, Rep. John H.
Kyi (R-Iowa), says: "It would be useless for us
to pass the bill again if there is no support in the
Senate."
A measure of the loss is that the Capitol is the
only theatre in Washington capable of re
ceiving ballet, and opera companies, aside from
Carter Barron Amphitheatre. The National is a
handsome theatre, but it is limited to legitimate
stage performances, and even then it is crowded
by big-cast musical comedies. Washington has
lost three other theatres suitable for professional
performances since 1921.
The trend is nationwide. In 1921 there were
560 such theatres in operation. As of recently
there were 193 a loss of 347 good theatres in
about 40 years.
This, of course, is to say nothing of the even
swifter disappearance of large motion picture
theatres, particularly with the inroads of televi
sion in the past two decades. But this trend seems
of late to be bottoming out, as the economists
say. At least new movie houses not the picture
palaces of old are beginning to be built. The
performing arts perhaps will have to depend on
the cultural centers now proliferating. Washing
ton's hope is the projected National Cultural Cen
terbut that, alas, appears to be light vears
away. E.R.R. '
Honduras is only another
claimed the territory of
which it called Belice
occupied the territory.
the dispute in return for
1961, abortive invasion.
time, the neighbor to the
a claim to British Hon
"How Long Do You Think He'll Keep Going
On This Basis?"
Communications
Letters to the Editor must bear the name and address of the writer,
although under certain circumstances the use of a pen name or initial
for publication Is permissible. The Mail Tribune reserves the right to
edit all letters with a view to clarification and condensation. Letter
submitted for publication must not exceed 400 words. The letters
printed In this column do not necessarily represent the views of t:-
paper, in fact the contrary li often the case.
Should Speak Out
To the Editor: After fur
ther reflection on the govern
ment takeover of the rail
roads; this would give JFK
the chance to hire colored
men. We will say that the
owners will be paid off in
long term interest bearing
bonds, on agreeable terms. Af
ter the takeover the operating
personnel would all be gov
ernment employees and as
such would not be allowed tb
strike. Excess workers would
be provided for with pensions
or getting rocking chair
money.
In other words the govern
ment can and does pay its un
employed a subsistence pay
all along; whereas the private
employer does so for short
specified periods. The federal
government is noted for its
spending untold millions in
gifts to foreign countries. This
money as we all should know
buys goods in America.
But in the purchase of the
railroads, even if it should
take a billion dollars to reor
ganize and revamp its opera
tion, after a fair price had
been paid, that money would
create work for a large por
tion of our unemployed and
would stimulate business in
general.
Our labor leaders in Wash
ington, being in the million
aire class, keep mum on this
matter. But here is a chance
for the ministers of the gos
pel to show their good will
to men, by speaking out.
John E. Ring,
1049 West 11th St.,
Medford, Ore.
A Juggler of Words
To the Editor: Truly, the
English language, as juggled
by our Administration, is a
thing with which to conjure.
The Administration throws
the Monroe Doctrine out the
window and allows the Com
munist Russians to maintain a
complete, aggressive military
establishment 90 miles from
our shores. This they call "Af
fecting An Accommodation."
How accommodating can you
get? The effect of such an af
fection for '"Affecting A
Peaceful Co-existence" with
the unaffectionate Commu
nists is effecting a disaffection
for the effectors. When it
comes time to vote, this dis
affection will have its effec
tiveness! It takes more than a glib
tongue to make a statesman.
The Indians used to call this
"speaking with a forked
tongue."
Bruce Y. KleinSmid,
1719 SE Portola dr.,
Grants Pass, Ore.
In Disagreement
To the Editor: This is one
of the few times I find my
self in disagreement with your
ideas as expressed in your ed
itorials. Why don't you stop
panning the post office de
partment when at last they
are trying to do something to
improve the mail service?
Quotes From
BY UNITED PRESS INTERNATIONAL
London Dr. Stephen Ward, in an interview before his
apparent suicide attempt and conviction on vice charges:
"One or two people can still vindicate me, but when the
establishment wants blood, you can't wriggle out."
Skopje, Yugoslavia A baker, whose family lost all its
possessions in Friday's disastrous earthquake:
"Even if I have to sweep streets and live in one room
someplace else, I will never come back."
Washington One of 2,000 letters and telegrams TecevfSd
by the White House on the signing of the nuclear test ban
treaty with Russia:
"It will be a black day for all people if we do not take (his
first step (or peace."
Hong Kong Lowell D. Skinner. 32. Akron Ohio, an
American prisoner of war returning from China where he
chose to remain after the Korean fighting ended:
"It's about time to go back. My parents ire getting pretty
old."
MEDFORD MAU. TRIBUNE, M1.DFORD, OREGON
fteU M-tWieSt-Oel-aV?-
Surely you realize that, post
office people being human,
they can't reasonably be ex
pected to be perfect from the
very beginning of a new sys
tem at least they are trying
to do something for you, so
give them a chance.
I have read of letters being
addressed to "Frontier Days,
Wyoming" and "Santa Claus,"
without the town names, pnd
eventually reaching the des
tination, but one would hard
ly expect to get immediate de
livery on such experiments.
Likewise it would take
some time for everyone to
know immediately the correct
destination for a letter con
taining only the "zip" num
ber; especially when postof
fice Instructions request both
the address and zip number.
Continued criticism of this at
tempt seems to me to be de
structive rather than con
structive. Frank H. Gray,
122 Valley View dr.,
Medford.
In the Day's News
By FRANK JENKINS
The Big News today?
It's President Charles de
Gaulle of France.
SITTING at the center of the
stage of the beautiful Salle
de Fetes (hall of feasts and
festivals) of the Elysee Palace,
the official residence of the
Presidents of France, he re
fused to join the United
States, Britain and the Soviet
Union in their Moscow agree
ment for a limited ban on
atomic tests and spurned the
East-West idea of a non-ag-
grcsion pact.
He announced flatly that
France will call for a meeting
"among interested parties" be
fore the end of the year to
take up France's own disarm
ament proposals (which, pre
sumably, would be a confer
ence of the four nuclear pow
ers, the U. S., Soviet Union,
Britain and France).
He asserted disdainfully
"the Moscow agreement has
not lifted the atomic menace
which weighs on the world.
None of the signers has re
nounced the use of atomic
weapons and under these con
ditions the world situation has
not changed in any way."
OO
0 He said
id in substance
A BETTER agreement
must be reached. So France
will lead the way to this bet
ter agreement. That seems to
have been about the size of
the fantastic session arranged
by France's fantastic Presi
dent. IIE TOOK occasion to say
that while differing sharp
ly with Washington on policy,
the News
Dirksen Expresses Doubts About Veto
On Amendments of Nuclear Test Ban
By JOHN A. GOLDSMITH
United Press International
Washington - IUPD - Senate
Republican leader Everett M.
Dirksen has expressed
"doubts" about a Russian veto
on amendments and other un
specified provisions of the nu
clear test ban treaty.
The Illinois lawmaker, in a
statement reminiscent of his
sometimes flowery oratory,
said he hopes Senate Foreign
Relations and Armed Services
committees - and the congres
sional Atomic Energy commit
tee - "will give the treaty
draft the closest examination
relative to its impact on our
defense posture and the future
of our nuclear weaponry."
The Foreign Relations com
mittee invited members of the
other two groups to sit in
Monday when Undersecretary
of State W. Averell Harriman
outlined the treaty. Harriman
was the U. S. negotiator who
helped to frame the historic
partial ban on nuclear weap
ons tests and initialed the
draft in Moscow last week.
There were these other com
ments in advance of the ses
sion with Harriman:
Ready To Go
-Chairman John O. Pas
tore (D-R. I.) told a radio
television panel that the Unit
ed States "would be ready to
go within a moment's notice"
if the Russians should secret
ly prepare for tests and then
abrogate the treaty. He said
he is sure the United States
would resume testing if there
was a series of "suspicious'
events in Russia.
-Sen. Wayne Morse (D-
Ore.), a member of the Senate
Foreign Relations committee,
declaring that mankind must
have a test-ban for its survi
val, said he does not expect
Defense department opposi
tion to a treaty draft. He re
minded the Pentagon, how
ever, that foreign policy "is
determined by the civilian
branch of the government and
not by the brass."
-Sen. Jacob K. Javits (R
N.Y.), predicted that there is
going to be a "very tough
fight" on Senate ratification
of the treaty. Javits, who said
he is personally "predisposed"
in favor, said "all kinds of as
sorted John Birchers. and
other members of the radical
right are already bringing
pressure on senators, claim
ing in correspondence that any
France's friendship with the
United States is historic.
What is his idea of what
should be done? He put it
this way:
The French contention is
that ALL nuclear arms must
be JUNKED, along with their
delivery systems, and all (nu
clear) production halted, to
bring all nations down to the
non-nuclear level under IN
TERNATIONAL supervision.
TIE CONCLUDED:
"If one day the Americans
and the Russians DISARM
and come to the destruction
and prohibition of nuclear
weapons, France will then re
frain from procuring them
herself, but the Americans
and the Russians don't seem
to be at that point yet."
He rejected any non-aggression
pact between NATO and
the Warsaw Pact of Soviet
bloc states of Eastern Europe.
He said France would never
consent to a deal by the Anglo
Saxons and the Russians
"over France's head."
Furthermore, he added,
"such a treaty would be com
pletely needless as far as
France Is concerned since
France will never strike the
FIRST blow against anyone."
I ET'S not go off at half-cock.
Charles de Gaulle is a
strange and mystic figure. Be
fore making up our minds,
let's wait and watch a little
longer.
T ET'S get the picture a little
more sharply.
It was a news conference at
which he spoke. On the stage
of the Salle de Fetes of the
Elysee Palace (corresponding
to our White House) a red
velvet throne had been ar
ranged for him. On the floor
below were some 900 "jour
nalists" (the French term for
newspapermen) and assorted
dignitaries.
Just before he came on.
three security guards lifted
the velvet throne on which
he was to sit. peered under
the table to see that no as-
! sassins were hidden there and
' inspected the water pitcher
I and glass to see that no poison
1 had been placed therein. At
I the psychological moment, the
I velvet curtains in the rear
parted and he strode onto the
! stage.
I That's President Charles de
Gaulle - a strange character
I if ever one lived.
treaty would be a sell out
to the Russians.
Starts With Step
In his statement Dirksen
cited - as did President Ken
nedy in his televised speech
on the treaty - the Chinese
proverb that the longest of
journeys must begin with a
single step. He cautioned,
however, that "even the first
step must be in the right di
rection if the larger goals are
to be ultimately reached."
"Nothing is more natural
than man's search for escape
from the threat of his own
Frankenstein," said Dirksen
reflecting on radioactive fall
out and the "fallout of fear
and dread" resulting from the
arms race and the threat of
nuclear war.
Dirksen praised Kennedy
tor telling the nation of the
"limited" nature of the treaty
and what it will not do to
curb the threat of nuclear
war. He said: "Life will go
on as before. If the treaty is
ratified it could dissolve some
of the fear and strains but
little more.
"But to mix a metaphor, if
this is a first step when does
the second shoe drop?
Khrushchev already speaks
of a non-aggression pact and
other matters. The treaty
must bi examined against
the opaque curtain of the fu
ture," Dirksen said.
Directed At Clause
His comments on a Russian
veto were directed at a
clause of the proposed treaty
which would require that fu
ture amendments be approved
by a majority vote of all par
ties "including the votes of
all the original parties Rus
sia, Britain or the United
States." That, he said, would
let the Russians veto an
amendment just be abstain
ing from votir j.
Dirksen said that the veto
provision was said to have
been inserted in the United
Nations charter in 1945 to
protect the sovereignty of the
United States but has been
used "an exact 100 times" by
Russia while the United
Strictly
Personal
By Sydney J. Harris
fc. Field Enterprises. Inc.
PERSONAL PREJUDICES
It is possible to argue fruit
fully with someone who vi
olently disagrees with you,
but not (as in most cases) with
someone who doesn't even un
derstand the logical implica
tions of his own position;
which is to say, you can con
vert someone who is wrong,
but not a fool.
It has always perplexed
me what people can be talk
ing about in public tele
phone booths for such eter
nities of lime.
A woman who is proud of
doing her "duty" is not a
good wife, but merely a con
scientious contractor - which
is not at all what a man wants
in a woman.
Those ambitious charac
ters who are panting after
the goddess Fame ought to
keep in mind Oscar Wilde's
melancholy message in a
letter to Sarah Bernhardt:
"To become somebody is
child's play; but to remain
somebody requires the wits
of Solomon."
Successful people tend to
forget how great a part luck
has played in their success,
which makes them smug;
while unsuccessful people
tend to overestimate the im
portance of luck, which makes
Uiem envious.
Although I can admire
the technical proficiency of
a still-life painting, even a
bowl of fruit painted by a
great master tails to stir
my enthusiasm - for what
does not interest me in life
does not interest me in art.
Speaking of the arts, one
of the loveliest pieces of mu
sic ever written is the relative
ly obscure "Suite in A" by
Teleman. a contemporary of
Bach, who deserves greater
prominence. (Several fine LP
recordings of this work are
available.)
I have never owned a
car in which my "bright"
highway lights didn't seem
incomparably dimmer than
the "brights" of every oth
er car on the highway; is
this a common optical illu
sion? You can tell more about a
person from the way he laughs
than Irom almost any other
mannerism; as Goncourt said,
"Laughter is the mind's in
tonation. There are ways of
laughing which have the
sound of counterfeit coins."
If all the hopeful-eyed
girls who are waiting for
the "right man" to come
along would develop them
selves and try to become
the- right woman." their
chances would increase a
thousandfold; but young
people never consider
whether they merit the kind
of love they are looking
for, or would be able to
handle it after they got it.
States has yet to use it.
"My preliminary examina
tion of th. treaty draft also
causes me to have doubts
about other provisions which
I want to examine further.
Nevertheless it is clear to me
that the United States Senate
must engage in the closest
scrutiny of every word of
this treaty draft," Dirksen
said.
Ahead of Russia
Pastore, in a panel with
Pennsylvania Sens. Hugn
Scott (R), and Joseph S.
Clark (D), said "All of Lhe
testimony before our (atomic
Matter of Fact
(c) New Vork Herald
THE LOWER DEPTHS
Philadelphia - For any
fairly prosperous white Amer
ican, who is also proud of his
c o u ntry, on-the-
spot re
porting of the
civil rights
crisis in a big
-eAT like this one
is an almost
unbear ably
painful
experience. If
anything, the
s 1 t 11 atinn of
Alton
the Negroes here in Phila-
oeipnia is rather better than
in mOSt Of the ffreat Nnrlliwn
cities. But go into Philadel
phia s Negro slums, with their
countless blocks of half-ruinous
row houses, in which it is
not uncommon to find 20 or
30 people living in six filthy
little rooms, with a cinol.
unspeakable common toilet.
You find squalid, teacher
short hirh fiphnnlc frnm iirhinlt
more than three-quarters of
me cnuaren drop out before
completing the course. You
are led to one 12-hlnrk arpa
where 80 per cent of the
young were found to be job
less by a recent survey.
You hear such tales of slum
landlordism as the case of the
resoectable and harH.wnrltino
Negro woman who is fruitless
ly trying to collect damages,
because the floor of her anart.
ment gave way, dropping her
into the next apartment,
where the floor also gave
wav. drnnninir h o r nnfn
another unfortunate woman
in the cellar and gravely in
juring them both.
"rpHINGS are belter," peo
pie tell you. But when
you ask' how much better,
you get such an answer as I
got from one of the leaders
Of the PhilaHplnhio ATinic-c
Conference, The Rev. Amos
Brackeen. He had been ex
tilainins hnw I lis Miniciarc
Inference was using the
weapon of the boycott to
break job discrimination in
large local industries.
"You can't imacrina what it
means to my people," he said
very simolv. "to see the ca
meter being read or a few
cases of soft-drinks being de
livered by men of their own
race. Those are jobs involving
money, receipts, paper work.
They weren't jobs for Ne
groes before lust the other
day."
Of SLIch data, a fnw Have'
work will Droduce eunuch In
fill a book. And on every
page of that book will be
written the shame, the dis
honor, the failure of Ameri
can society.
rpHE nine Americans in tpn
who belong to the affluent
America should be sentenced
by law to spend one day a
week in that "other America"
that you find in the slums of
North Philadelphia. See at
first hand, and the actual
physical impulse to cry out
for i n s t a n taneous, radical
remedies is not easy to re
strain.
See the situation at first
hand, furthermore, and you
will learn the bitter truth
that although discrimination
Actually, if Goldwater ran. it wouldn't be the knnd
of campaign we're accustomed to. No attacks on
religion, family, personality - just a contest between
political philosophies!"
energy) committee" gives as
surance that the United
States is, on the whole,
ahead of the Russians in nu
clear power. He said, how
ever, that the Russias are ap
parently ahead in the large)
yield weapons such as the
ones they tested last year.
He said, however, that ha
thinks President Kennedy :s
con 'inced that "wa're at a
standstill" and that tha
treaty is in the public inter
est. Effects of the treaty on
weapons development h e r a
and in Russia "can be argued
both ways," he said.
By Joseph Alsep
Tribune Syndicate
is being worn away by daily
pressure, the underlying prob
lem is still growing more dif
ficult rather than more easy.
Already, the earnings of Ne
gro women are estimated to
exceed the earnings of Negro
men by as much as 80 per
cent. There are more unskill
ed jobs open for women than
for men; so the men rot in
idleness and the women keep
them.
Every building that installs
automatic elevators abolishes
four or eight or ten Negro
jobs. Ever., industrial process
ini. roved to eliminate raurh.
strong - backed work elimi
nates 30 or 40 or 50 Neern
jobs. And in Negro ghettos
educational deprivation has
always gone hand in - hand
with economic deprivation; so
those who we their jobs as
common laborers are never
able to find iobs as siriiierl
workers.
rpHIS is not just a Negro
1 problem, either. In tha
"other America" of economic!
and educational deprivation
the national statistics show
that more than half the in
habitants are white men and
women and children in H.
pressed areas or unlucky
ciues or impoverished rural
regions. The tune has come -indeed,
the time came long
ago - for a massive national
effort to help all the inhabi
tants of this "other America"
to escape into normal Ameri
can society.
For the Neern npnnle ih.
end of racial discrimination
is tne most essential part of
that effort. For all the inhabi.
tants of the "other America,"
huge investments are also
needed, in education above
all, but also in job-retraining
programs, in some sort of re
vived CCC to make a bridga
into normal life for the job
less young people, and so on
and on.
Even then, the problem
will not be solved for tha
Negro people, unless their
leaders quickly begin to
recognize an additional duty
besides the duty to be mili.
tant against discrimination.
Resignation, hopelessness, tha
feeling that "it's no use learn
ing to do jobs that aren't for
Negroes," have played and
still continue to play as largo
a role in Negro educational
deprivation as the shocking
badness of so many segre
gated schools.
QNLY the Negro leaders can
w combat these ingrained at'
titudes of their own people.
Only the Nesro leaHr ran
stimulate the block-by-block
organization that is needed to
combat slum conditions, and
to insure better schools by
strong parent-teacher organi
zations, and in many other
ways to work from the grass
roots to make life better.
Only the Negro leaders, in
short, can make sure their
people are readv tn nu
through the doors when tho
aonrj open at last. As for tha
rest of us. our task is in in.
sure that the doors open wida
ano open last; and if we fail,
we shall be derelict in nnr
duties to our country and our
God.
" - aa i i i "r. i
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