THURSDAY. AUGUST 1. 1963 . : MEDFORD MAIL TRIBUNE. MEDrOHD. OnEUON
Court Battle Foreseen as Possibility in Rhode Island Book Law
MEDFOHD MAIL TRIBUNE, MEDFORD. OREGON
By ROBERT L. FIENBERG
United Pratt International
Providence, R. I. (UPI! A
controversial "textbook aid
law" quietly being imple
mented in this tiny state
could explode into another
major court battle over
church-state separation.
The law requires local
scheel beards to lean text
books on mathematics, sci
ence and jnedern foreign lan
guages te pa-Foehial and pri
vate ssheol pupils upoit their
request.
Proponents say the law,
passed by a Bemecratic-cen-trolled
general assembly anil
signed by a Republican gev
ernor, will kelp prevent tke
use of sub-standard texts. Op
ponents say it is just an excuse
to start public subpart of pri
vate education.
In Rhode Islaad, where 61
per cent of the state's 000,
000 population is Roman
Catholic, the law was drawn
with the hope it would avoid
the constitutional clash b-y
specifying that the laan is to
the individual child and nat
to the private or parochial
school.
This "child beaef-it" Waeery
was upheld by the U.S. Su
preme court in cases involv
ing textbook aid to non-pub-
Kara tetes
mM to Event
All local and area plana
teachers are invited to attend
the Francis Clark wenbshop
Saturday, Aug 3, at Puauok
er Music house, Bltedferd, be
tween 9:30 a.m. and 1 p.m.
The workshop is a annaatf
summer feature of the New
School for Music Study m
Princeton, N.J., and is a ckws
for piano pedagor-y and the
training of professional plane
teachers.
The workshop is divided
into two sessions. The open
ing class will be of interest
to teenage piano students. It
will feature a presentation af
seven new books which are
supplementary material In the
"Francis Clark Library for
Piano Students."
The second session will be
discussions of ways to make
sight readers out of each stu
dent with a demonstration by
a local student.
LMrf Ytyuflh Named f
Sean's List af College
Salem-Charles R. B. Kirk,
son of Mr. and Mrs. Charles
G. Kirk, Medford, was named
to the Willamette university
college of law dean's list for
achieving a scholastic average
in the top 10 per cent of bli
first year class during the
Spring semester.
Kirk attended the State
University of Iowa fer aae
year and is a graduate ef the
U. S. Air F&wse Academy-
Cross-SJitch News
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lix schools in Louisiana and
the use of public funds for
parochial school pupil bus
transportation in New Jersey.
Threaten Action
Several Protestant church
conferences have proposed
starting "war chests" to fi
nance a court battle In Rhode
Island. But so far no action
has been taken.
An organization called Pro
testants and Other American;
united fori separation af
church end state (POAU) said
it will raise tke censtitutien
alty ks! if it finds the kwv
to be "actionable." Mean
while, main support for a
court test comes from the
American . Civil Liberties
union (ACLU) which said it
will not intiate any action but
will support any group or in
dividual taxpayer who does.
The ACLU said it cannot
determine what form its sup
port will take until it sees
how local school boards
handle the law, passed last
February. Some erf tha state's
39 cities and tewiw have now
begun taking requests for
beohs i pneparatien fer tke
of school in
opening
tember.
Here's how the textbook
law works: First the books
(non-sectarian) must be on an
approved list drawn up by
the state commissioner of
education.
Students then submit re
quests for textbooks to their
local school board and the
orders are seat to publishing
houses. Sack cemmussty ft
naaeos tke cost of the books
it leaas att-d the state re
imburses the cemmunitios
(rem 2S ts 58 por cent undw
Sep- the regular aid to education
program.
Commissioner of Educa
tion William P. Robinson Jr.
recently issued the approved
textbook list to the local
boards. The 650 titles, most
on the secondary school level,
were selected by a coaimittee
made up of severed public
school sujwriatenalants, a in
structor in religion at "Brown
University and a state deport
ment el edocattea offieial.
The eemraittoo cempilod
tlw list frem titles suggested
am approved by local publN
school officials.
A study commission which
investigated the possibility of
a textbook law concluded,
after holding several public
hearings, that "the public ac
tually benefits financially
from the presence of private
schools in the state, especial
ly in Rhode Island which has
the largest percentage of pri
vate school pupils of any
state."
Lsvgn -SNscnwerd
"The commission ceuk' not
indifferent te a reasonable
request frem spokesmen who
represented a large segment
of public opinion in the
State," the report said.
The state department of
education is maintaining a
strict hands-off attitude, oth
er than issuing the list of ap
proved texbooks and sugges
ing methods to loan the
books.
or any non-public school
Msgr. Arthur T. Geoghegan,
superintendent of the
state's Catholic Diocesan
school board, said, "T h e
Catholic school board and our
schools are totally disassoci
ated with the implementation
of the law."
The schools will do only
Commissioner Robin son ! one thin6. be said: "Give tne
said, "The anticipated in
junction or legal action
should in no way be clouded
by any communication be
twaen this department and a
church-related school office
name of a text to a parent
on request and provide
answers to public school
authorities who call to verify
that a pupil requesting a
book is actually enrolled In
a parochial scncool.
The new law, which cov
ers Rhode Island students
who attend private schools
out-of-state, also provides for
the state to periodically give
intelligence and achievement
tests to all pupils in non-public
and public schools.
Education officials original
ly estimated the cost of the
program to be $115,291, but
it now appears it will be far
lower this year. Catholic
schools already have most of
the books their student will
need.
Acting Postmaster
Named in Talent
Mrs. Alice J. Tboreson of
Talent was installed as acting
postmaster for the area by
Postal Inspector John A. Eids
wick yesterday. Congressman
Robert Duncan, Washington,
D. C, reported the appoint
ment. ' Mrs. Thoreson replaced
Roger C. Smoot, who has retired.
COMMUNICATION
Austin, Tex. - IUPII - You can
reach Telephone by telegraph
and Telegraph by telephone in
Texas. Telegraph is a small
town in West Central Texas,
and Telephone is about 350
miles away, in Northeast
Texas.
THURSDAY, AUGUST 1, 1963
Urban Negro Still Far Short of Goal For Equality Although Gains Noted
BwUtBBVrrBr.llAAtl I firth fna- sKcnlnU An.lilu I iAC Hhnn lnKM. i Ae - m ... 9
C 5
By HARRY FERGUSON
UPI Cerratpondent
The urban Negro in the
United States has made lim
ited gains toward equality
this year but
still is far
short of his
goal. A survey
by United
Press Interna
tional of the
na t i on's 25
largest cities
shows that it
is improbable.
Harry rtrrutoa if not impos
sible, that 1963 will be the
year of decision in the Negro
'
pi
fight for absolute equality.
The tempo of Negro demon
strations in the first half of
1963 misled many persons into
believing a major break
through had been achieved or
was at hand.
Between May 1 and July
19 there were demonstrations
in 153 cities scattered through
30 states, most of them along
the Eastern Seaboard. But
when quiet was restored, most
of the gains were limited and
some of them were only on
paper. It appears 1963 will
go down in history as the
year in which the Negro plow
ed and planted the fields of
equality. It will take 10
years, perhaps longer, to reap
the harvest.
Negro leaders are not pub
licly claiming major victories.
The UPI asked the Rev. Mar
tin Luther King of the South
e r n Christian Leadership,
James Farmer of the Congress
of Racial Equality and Roy
Wilkins of the National Asso
ciation for the Advancement
of Colored People to designate
the city or town which they
felt was dealing with the
problem in the best way. All
declined to reply, inviting the
conclusion that they were dis
satisfied with conditions everywhere.
25-Ciiy Survey
Facts and figures presented
here represent conditions in
the nation's 25 biggest cities
and may not be valia in terms
of all the Negroes in the na
tion. Here is a breakdown of
how the urban Negro stood
at the halfway mark of 1963:
Houseing: No major Negro
gains since the UPI conduct
ed a survey a year ago. Ev
erywhere the pattern is the
same: Whites prefer not to
live as neighbors with Negroes
and if they can afford it they
move to the suburbs. Between
1950 and 1960 the white pop
ulation of Chicago declined by
601,223; the Negro popula
tion increased by 320.372.
There are many "pepper and
salt" neighborhoods where
whites and Negroes live to
gether because they cannot af
ford to do anything else. In
Atlanta the Negro population
compromising about 40 per
cent of the total lives on one
fifth to one-sixth of the resi
dential land.
In San Antonia, Tex!, there
is a development containing
75 houses selling for $22,000
and up. It advertises that it
is the only integrated housing
development in the nation. So
far, no whites have chosen to
live there.
Public Office: The N e g ro
does fairly well in appointive
jobs, but not so good in elec
tive offices. San Antonio, San
Diego, Cincinnati, Memphis
and New Orleans have no Ne
groes in elective jobs. The Ne
gro fares best in New York
where he has a president of
Manhattcn Borough, several
city councllmen and a Con
gressman, Adam Clayton Pow
ell. Public Accomodations:
Much progress for the Negro
has been made in this field.
The bus problem has almost
ceased to exist. There has
been a quiet and orderly inte
gration of swimming pools,
parks and golf courses in
most cities. But there has been
no great Negro rush to use
such facilities. There has been
only a small and token Inte
gration of, barber shops and
beauty parlors, but the Ne
groes seem to prefer to take
their patronage to businesses
run by members of their own
race.
Hospitals: It is difficult to
be definite about how the
Negro patient fares because
too many cities have laws
against identifying persons by
race or color. The 10 denomi
national hospitals in Minne
apolis say patients, doctors
and nurses are completely in-
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tegrated. In Memphis one ot
the three large city hospitals
It staffed entirely by Negroes
and treats only Negroes.
Job Opportuniiiati Negroes
complain labor unions, espe
cially in the North, are dis
criminating against them. La
bor leaders concede there Is
some truth In It, and Presi
dent George Meany of the
AFL-CIO told Congress the
other day it should pass a
strong law to "mop up those
areas of discrimination which
still persist in our own
ranks." Negro leaders com
plained about the Electricians'
Union in Philadelphia, Cleve
land and San Diego. Candid
labor leaders say that most
unions have long lists of ap
prentice applications and Ne
groes are not on them. Other
job opportunities vary wide
ly. All major department
stores in Washington have Ne
gro clerks; only one major
department store in Houston
does so.
Jail Treamient: St. Louis,
Boston and Atlanta index
prisoners by color, but no
other cities do so. Negro pris
oners are segregated in the
jails of Atlanta, New Orleans,
Houston and Cincinnati. Ne
gro leaders voiced few com
plaints about police depart
ments but did criticize the
activities of individual police
men in some cases.
Churchaai The area . in
which there has been the
least trouble. However, there
has been ao widespread inte
gration of worshippers be
cause Negroes prefer to at
tend Negro churches in their
own neighborhoods.
PubNc Hieing: Most of the
36 largest cities operate under
Civil Service or fair employ-
meat erdinances. There seems
to be a tendency to keep the
number of Negroes on the
public payroll in direct ratio
to the percentage of Negroes -in
the population. There is a
heavy percentage of Negroes
in such categories as laborers
and garbage collectors. All
cities reporting agree there
are fewer Negroes " in the
white collar category than in
the laborer classification.
Professional OpportunUiei:
Integration of the bar and
medical associations is com
plete in 16 cities. The other
cities vary. In Dallas the med
ical society is integrated but
the bar association is not. Ne
groes have their own law
yers' association in Houston.
In St. Louis they have their
own medical forum.
Vocational Schoels: In most
large cities the Negro is well
off. Houston gives vocational
training ki four of the five
Negro high schools. New Or
leans has a vocational institu
tion which is integrated, but
the private vocational schools
are segregated. Smith-Hughes
Scheal in Atlanta has 11 Ne
gro students out of 4,618.
Public SMioofc: In the nine
years since the Supreme Court
dacis-ien two pa-Mems have de
veloped. 0e is "sogregatiea
by area," meaning that many
schools are predominantly
Negro because they are locat
ed in Negro neighborhoods.
Washington, 115 public
schools have more than 90
per cent Negro pupils. Nine
teen have more than 90 per
cent white students. The oth
er development is that In the .
25 largest cities the percent-'
age of Negra pupils consist
ently is larger titan that of
Negro teachers.
CeMageat There is almost
tutiversal integra-tien, but Ne- -are
students usually ae heav-
ly m the minority m bem :
Morth and Smith. There ae
nly afeettt 30 a Negroes in
ttie University af CtacinnaM
which has 28,5tQ students.
CVeveland reports that John
Carroll has 27 Negroes in an .
enrollment of 1,816. Inabil
ity to pay the tuition and lack
af scholastic quail f icationi .
are the reasons most frequent
ly cited for the low percen
tage ef Ne-gre students.
CaJifornlaos Are
Arrested: to Area:
James Prewitt, 21, and Eu
gene Hole, 28, both .of Bakers-
field, CaW., wtee arrested by
state pokee Tnesday night on
haoges & Burglary.
9ko twa won as nemg k4d
At the Jlsen eounty jaii.
tmhsa ppnefeng arraignie.4.
Thoy woe ar-rested Rat far
Imh Wre hKN ( Frank Haav
mnd. pewta I, ban 52, Cen-
-feat Faint, wbisfc was br-abe
ante, estate said-. hc two men
wee dasrevewd with articles
miwino from the hense. Later '
they - teefe peliae to where
they ban! concealed the rest
of the property, valued at
J30, officers reported.
State pence also are investi
gating the theft of tools and
spare tire and wheel from
pickup truck in front of
the Emery Emil Baseler resi
dence, route 1, box 381, Cen
tral Point, Monday night.
A second theft in the same
area was reported , Monday
night when a box of small
tools were taken from the res
idence of Larry Turner, route
1, box central Point.
about 2'4 miles from Cold
Hill on the Blackwell hill rd.
o
I.
(8)
m