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MONDAY. JULY 29. 1963
MEDFOHD MAIL TRIBUNE, MEDFOHD. OREGON
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hOOVEH'S GAP ANTAGONISTS - Gen.
Braxton Bragg, left, of the Confederacy,
and Union Gen. William Rosecrans, right,
were the antagonists in the battle of Hoo
ver's Gap In 1863. The battle of the Gap
(UPI)
came as the Union force flanked the South
erners on the right. It was part of nine
days of fighting during which Rosecrans
forced Bragg out of fortified positions
across the Tennessee river Into Alabama.
The Battle of Hoover's Gap
By MERTON T. AKERS
UPI Correspondent
July 1863 was by all odds
the greatest month to date of
the Civil War for the Federal
armies.
Not only had the battle of
Gettysburgh been won and
Vlcksburfi, Miss., captured
but the Rebel Army of Ten
nessee had been' maneuvered
out of the state by MaJ. Gen.
William S. Rosecrans.
- Port Hudson, La., fell of its
own weight July 9 to MaJ.
Gen. Nathaniel P. Banks as
soon as the garrison could be
convinced of the word sent
across the lines by Union sol
diers that Vicksburg had fall
en. The military picture look
ed black for the Confederacy.
MaJ. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant
stood victorious at Vicksburg
with about 70,000 men.
General Banks with about
40,000 camped farther down
the Mississippi River at the
He of their victory.
North Winning
General Rosecrans seemed
poised with 30,000 men to
wrest strategic Chattanooga,
Tenn., from Gen. Braxton
Bragg.
The North appeared well on
the way to winning the war
as July came to a close.
Now the time had come, It
seemed, to apply the crusher
In the East and in the West
and the Confederacy would
be beaten to its knees, its
armies defeated, its 29-month-old
government dispersed.
A tattoo of quick blows and
the citizen soldiers could cat
Thanksgiving dinner at home.
So it seemed . , , but that
wasn't the way It turned out.
-Instead of bagging Gen.
Robert E. Lee's army in Mary
land, MaJ. Gen. George Gor
don Meade let it escape to
fight another day.
-Instead of Grant slanting
southeast and clearing out the
rest of Mississippi and cap
turing Mobile, Ala., nn im
portant port, in concert with
Banks' army, as he suggested
to Washington, his army was
dispersed bit by bit until he
was down to the three corps
with which he had started the
Vicksburg campaign.
-Instead of beating Bragg
around Chattanooga Rnsc
crans walked into a trap that
snapped shut a month hence
on Chlckamauga Creek.
There was no central com
mand to coordinate the tnv
mens" manpower and Indust
trial might of the North and
bring it to focus on the weak
er resources of the South.
So the piecemeal war went
on.
Rosecrans in maneuvering
Bragg out of Tennessee
achieved one of those cheap
and easy victories so dear to
the hearts of many Civil War
, generals - tactical brilliance-
territory won - opponents'
armies left Intact - nothing
decisive.
The Army of the Cumber
land, Rosecrans' command,
had sat like a bump on a log
at Murfrecsboro, Tenn., since
the New Year when he had
won a costly victory over
Bragg at Stones River,
Prodded for Action
All spring Washington prod
ded him incessantly for ac
tion. Rosecrans replied by de
manding more men, more
horses, more guns. The wea
ther was cold. The weather
was hot. It was raining or It
was snowing. The roads were
belly deep In mud or so dry
any movement would signal
the enemy with pillars of dust
by day. So ran Rosecrans'
communications to Washing
ton. "Old Rosy" was a rough
tongued man and often his
temper showed through.
Not until June 23 could he
be persuaded to move against
time to good advantage to
perfect his troop training ant
to erect formidable works at
ShelbyvilJe and Tullahoma
i
Tenn., south of Murfrecsboro.
A direct assault on these
works would be suicidal.
Both Bragg and Rosecrans
knew that.
At the moment Bragg had
40,(165 men. Rosecrans had
50,617. Braids cavalry was
superior and he had more of
it.
The road from Murfrecs
boro lo Shelby ville along the
Nashville St Chattanooga rail
road was the easier one. The
one to the southeast was hard
er with hills and only farm
roads.
Rosecrans sent his cavalry
under Brig. Gen. Dnvld S.
Stanley along the Shclbyvllle
road. Stanley staged a good
show. He kindled long lines
of campfircs, beat drums and
blew bugles along the line as
if the whole army was advanc
ing. His ruse worked. The Con
federates prepared to fight
there.
Meanwhile the main Union
army marched over the hills
Four regiments led the ad
vance. One of them was the
123rd Illinois Mounted Infan
try. Their first fight was 12
miles out from Murfrecsboro.
Maj. James A. Connolly of
the 123rd wrote the story of
fight at Hoover's Gap.
". . . we were ncaring the
formidable 'Hoover. Gap'
which it was supposed would
cost a great many lives to
pass through, and our brig
ade commander determined
to surprise the enemy if pos
sible, by a rapid march, and
make a bold dash through the
'Gap' and hold It . . .until the
rest of the army could get
up. . .
Soon the 123 rd surprised
and routed a regiment of Con
federate cavalry "and wo
reached the celebrated 'Gap'
on the run."
The Gap was only, wide
enough for two wagons to
pass and ran for two miles.
The 123rd made it at a gal
lop. At the end Rebel artillery
opened against it. The 123rd
Johnson City, N. Y. - H'PD -Actress
Ann Southern may
be released today from Wil
son Memorial hospital where
she was admitted during the
week end for treatment of
dehydration.
"It al( depends on how she
feels and what the doctors'
say," a hospital spokesman
said. "But she's feeling much
better."
Miss Southern, 51. entered
the hospital on Saturday suf
fering from dehydration, a
condition in which there is
a lack of moisture in the body
tissues. In her case, the
spokesman said the ailment
apparently was brought on
by gastric upset which pre
vented her from eating and
drinking properly.
GIVES UP HARD
London - (UPH - Robert Ty
zack, 53, today began his
eighth year of picketing the
Plaistow Wharf sugar refin
ery in protest against his be
ing fired for "repealed re
fusals to obey instructions."
Tyzack, who pickets for 10
hours every work day, claims
the firm owes him $56,000 in
back wages.
Paris - HIP1 - Former Vice
President Richard M. Nixon
arrived Sunday from Frank
furt, Germany, for a meet
ing Tuesday with President
Charles de Gaulle.
Boat Smashed on
Rocks at Depoe Bay
Depoe Bay - UPD - A 17
foot outboard motor boat
was smashed into the rocks
when it attempted to enter
Depoe Bay Sunday afternoon.
Four persons in the boat
escaped onto the rocks at the
south side of the entrance.
The Coast Guard towed the
damaged vessel to safety.
Operator of the boat was
Jake Prince Jr., 41, Albany,
Also aboard were Albert For
tier, Harry Johnson and
Frank Edwards, all of Albany.
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BUTTE
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and along the, farm roads and sent its horses out of dan
nankea uraRg on his right, ger, unllmbcrcd its light guns
As soon as the movement
slarlcd It began to rain and
(he downpour continued.
Negroes Arrested
For Protest March
Farmvlllo, Va. - lUPII-About
125 Negroes marched on the
courthouse here Saturday to
protest Prince Edward coun
ty's closed school policy and
ten were arrested when they
reiused to disperse.
It was the largest demon
stration held In the South
west Virginia tobacco town
during the Ihrcc-dny-old de
segregation drive - first that
Negroes have generated here
since schools were closed In
19S0 to avoid desegregation.
In Charleston, S. C, about
100 Negroes protesting segre
gation customs Whiles picket
ing integrated stores met on
a narrow street in the old city
and passed each other without
so much as a "howdy."
The Charleston demonstra
tions sparked a brief fracas
when Henry R. Solntest, man
agcr of a recently integrated
shop, ran outside and headed
toward While pickets, who
Identified themselves as mem
bers of the National Associa
tion for the Protection of
While Persons (NAPWP).
AGREEMENT SIGNED
Tehran, Iran - lllPh - Iran
and the Soviet Union Satur
day signed an agreement on
technical and economic co
operation under which the
Russians will grant an Initial
$:I5 million In credit for con
struction of dmns and other
projects.
and replied.
"Presently the enemy got
near enough lo us to make a
charge on our battery," Con
nolly wrote, "and on they
came; our men were on their
feet in an Instant and a ter
rible fire from the 'Spencers'
caused the advancing regi
ment to reel and Its colors fell
to the ground but in an in
stant their colors were up
again and on they came, think
ing to reach the batlcry be
fore our guns could be re
loaded, but they 'reckoned
without their host' they did'nt
know we had the 'Spencers'
and their charging yell was
answered by another terrible
volley, and another and an
other without cessation, until
the poor regiment was cut lo I
pieces and but few men of the i
20th Tennessee will ever!
charge again. . . "
(The Spencers Connolly I
wrote about were seven-shot I
repeating rifles, lust then be-!
Ing Issued to Union soldiers.
They were deadly against men ;
with muzzle-loaders.)
The 12;ird held the pass un
til the infantry arrived.
MaJ. Gen. George H. Thom
as, the corps commander,
came riding by and told the
123rd:
"You have saved the lives
of a thousand men by your
gallant conduct today. I didn't
expect to get this gap for
three days."
In nine days Rosecrans
forced Bragg out of his for
tified positions and across the
Tennessee River Into Alabama
He lost 84 killed. 473 wound
ed, 13 missing. Bragg made
no casualty report but the
Federals captured 1,634 Confederates.
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