2 g SUNDAY. JULY 28. 1963 MEDFOHD MAIL TRIBUNE, MEPFORD. OBECOW . .
MGrificB mi PeffemiSDve IFiirsft Time in 3 Years
By RAY MOSELEY
United Press Iniernatlonil
Palermo, Sicily -flIPtt- Ital
ian liberator-hero Giuseppe
Garibaldi tried to do it
the last century. Benito Mus
solini claimed to have done it
in this century. Now, modern
Italy is trying again
wipe out the Mafia.
For the first time in 30
years, the Mafia, perhaps the
largest and most feared under
ground criminal organization
in the world with influence
strong even in the United
States, Is on the defensive,
Its leader are behind bars,
or in hiding. Temporarily, at
least, it has ceased to be the
unchallenged bully boy of Si'
cilian life, threatening and
shooting down those who get
in its way and keeping the
nearly 5 million people of this
island in abject poverty,
The police, and the entire
Italian nation, have declared
war on the Mafia.
On the outcome depends
whether a band of outlaws is
more powerful than the legal
authority of a modern govern
ment, and whether Sicily is
ready at last to take its place
in the 20th century.
Attempts to wipe out the
. Mafia have been made before,
most notably by the late II
Duce. No one has ever succeeded.
The present "war" began
to take shape last year, when
several Capuchin friars were
found to have become involv
ed in the murder and extor
tion rackets of the criminal
society. Civic and political
groups In Sicily, shocked by
testimony coming out of the
trial, demanded that the cen
tral government in Rome act
once and for all to eliminate
Mi tMf$M
ti' M PI ' ' l
... ,A.
INTERROGATED Father Antonio Juluana
Agrlppino is shown being interrogated by
a panel of judges during a trial at Messian
in this 1962 photograph. (UPI)
the Mafia.
The Italian parliament vot
ed to investigate the "honored
society," as Sicilians had long
been accustomed to calling it,
But months went by without
any action.
Last June 30, a group of
Italian policemen and soldiers
was sent out to investigate a
suspicious looking abandoned
car in a village near Palermo.
As one of them raised the
trunk lid, a charge of TNT
went off. Seven men were
blown to bits.
Police reinforcements
swarmed to Sicily. A roundup
began. Backed by armored
cars and armed with machine
guns, the police went into the
back streets of Palermo and
the little outlying towns dot
ted with orchards or orange,
lemon and almond trees.
Stockpiles of TNT, dyna
mite, machine guns and rifles
were confiscated.
Prepare To Work
In Rome, the parliamentary
commission charged with in
vestigating the Mafia elected
its officers and prepared to
get down to work.
It has been a good begin
ning. But will it, Sicilians are
wondering, kill the Mafia?
Will law and justice triumph?
Or will there be simply an
other cycle of bloodletting
and fear, with the Mafia
wounded, but still alive?
If arrests and investigations
were the whole solution to the
Mafia problems, it would have
been eliminated long ago.
The real problem is getting
evidence 'that will stand up
in court, finding witnesses
who will talk and courts that
aren't afraid to convict.
The problem is in many
ways much like that which ex
isted in the United States a
few decades ago when Al Ca
pone was brought to trial for
income tax evasion because
authorities could not estab
lish cases on more conspicu
ous criminal activities.
Situation Complicated
In Sicily, the situation is
complicated by "omerta"
silence to death - the tradi
tion of refusal to talk with
authorities. This tradition has
its roots in the fact that for
nearly 2.000 years Sicily was
under foreign domination.
The word Mafia itself
(which also is sometimes spell
ed Maffia) is of obscure or
igin. One theory is that it
comes from the Arab word
"maehfil," meaning union or
assembly.
When Garibaldi landed in
Sicily in 1860 he promised to
break up the big feudal es
tates and give the peasants
their own land. But after the
was victorious and the peas
ants had occupied the land,
one of his own lieutenants
was sent to shoot them down.
The peasants turned to the
Mafia for protection.
When Mussolini came to
power in 1922, he instituted
police state methods to try to
eliminate the Mafia. As many
as 150 Mafia leaders at a
time were hauled into court.
Their victims testified against
them.
The ringleaders were given
life sentences or banished to
lonely islands and Mussolini
eventually proclaimed that
the Mafia was dead. Many
reference books today say that
Mussolini destroyed the Ma
fia. But with the end of World
War II, the Mafia came back
stronger than ever.
The feudal estates had been
broken up by the Italian gov
ernment, but that failed to
stop the Mafia. The rustic out
laws in peasant costumes just
put on flashy suits, bought
expensive cars and moved in
on the citicf.
In doing so, they were copy
ing the style and methods of
the big-time gangsters in the
U. S.
Sawcd-off shotguns and
kidnapings for ransom were
old-fashioned. The postwar
Mafia relied on machineguns
dynamite and TNT, and they
went after the lucrative busi
ness enterprises in the cities
Fruit Market Prise
The bustling Palermo fruit
market was one of their
prizes. Rival factions fought
for control of it, and men
were shot dead in broad day
light in the market itself.
The faction that eventually
won control decided who
would buy and sell in the
market and the prices that
would be paid.
There is hardly any busi
ness activity in this city of
half a million people that has
been untouched by the Mafia.
A few months ago a bridge
contractor decided to operate
without the Mafia's services.
One night, all his trucks and
equipment were blown up.
Another Palermo firm, to
avoid having to do business
with Mafia truckers, bought
a boat to haul its materials
from one city to another. The
boat was blown up before it
made its first voyage.
Since the war, the Mafia
also has gone into politics for
the first time, and in some
areas no candidate can be
Japanese Freighters Carry Supplies to Chinese
By ROBERT CRABBE
United Press International
Tokyo - (UPU - Freighters
flying the Rising Sun flag
glide daily out of Japan's har
bors into the blue Pacific
headed for Communist China.
Stowed in their holds are
economic vitamins that Chi
na, big but industrially flabby,
needs to harden her bones and
strengthen her muscles.
At ports like Shanghai and
Tslngtao, the Japanese ships
unload fertilizer for Red Chi
na's communal farms and steel
for her tractors. There are
Insecticides to protect the
crops that the Chinese Com
munists desperately need to
feed their people.
Returning to Japan, the
freighters carry Red Chinese
coal, pig iron and soybeans.
All of these Japan could buy
albeit at higher prices - in
the non-Communist world.
Sterngthening a Menace
The United States doesn't
like It. U.S. policy is that any
body who trades with China
is strengthening a menacing
international bully.
"Americans feel that it is
incongruous to trade with a
country of such unstable be
havior as Communist China,"
says a Slate department ca
reer man whose duties at the
U.S. Embassy in Tokyo keep
him In clnso touch with far
Eastern trade.
Construction of
New Safeway Store
In Center to Start
Construction of a new Safe
way supermarket at the Med
ford Shopping Center, almost
twice as large as Its present
market there, will start "Im
mediately," Mark A. Goldy,
hopping center manager, an
nounced today.
The new supermarket will
be located on the east end
of the J. J. Newberry store
In the shopping center, to the
north of the present market.
The new building will face
east.
"We anticipate a late full
opening," according to Goldy,
who also announced that
when Safeway vacates its ex
isting market the space will
be taken over by PayLcss
Drug store, which now occu
pies the building immediately
to the west.
Latest Safeway Design
The new Safeway store will
cover over 28,000 square feet
of area, compared to the pres
ent store's size of 16,000. "The
store will be of the latest
Safeway design," Goldy ad
ded, "and will feature Its own
bakery, wider aisles and many
more checkstands than the
present store."
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Centrifugal
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SiH GR1IN STAMPS
The cost of the new store
is expected to run about
$300,000. It will be the third
new Safeway store to be con
structed in the Rogue valley
this year. A new market on
West Main st. In Mcdford and
one in Ashland are now near
ing completion.
When the new shopping
center store Is completed, it
will bring the Intnl square
footage of buildings in the
center to 230,000 square feet
Construction of the store at
the northeast corner of the
center also is expected to help
relieve traffic congestion on
the Jackson st. (south) side
by diverting more shoppers to
the north and cast sides.
When the present Safeway
space is vacated, the building
will be remodeled for use by
Payless Drug store. This pro)
ect will Increase PayLcss'
floor area from 9.000 to 25,
000 square feet.
He adds that there are no
signs that the American view
point is going to change.
A questioner asks him how
China, industrially backward
and still in the infancy of
atomic research, can be re
garded as a threat to the
United Stales.
'Great powers don't get
powerful overnight," is the
answer. "It's a slow process
of accretion, of adding little
increments of power here and
there. If you're going to get
tough with them, the time to
do it is in the beginning."
Make View Known
American diplomats in To
kyo have not hcstltatcd to
make the U.S. view on Red
China trade known to the
Contract Awarded
For School Rooms
Construction is expected to
start Monday on a classroom
addition to Wilson school, and
bids for a classroom addition
to Lone Pine school will be
opened Aug. S.
Ausland Construction com
pany, Grants Pass, who sub
mitted the low bid , was
awarded the contract at a
special school board meeting
last week. Ausland's bid,
which includes the base hid
with one alternate, was $R0,
100.
Other bidders for the proj
ect were Murphy Construc
tion company, Roseburg; 11.
Barnhart, Mcdford, and Myers
D. Junes, Mcdford.
The Wilson school addition
will be a team teaching com
plex which will include two
large teaching areas with fa
cilities to divdc them Into
regular size classrooms, and
a teacher's conference area.
Bids for a classroom addi
tion at Lone Pine school will
be opened by the school board
Aug. 9. Both addtlons are ex
pected to be ready for stu
dents this fall.
Japanese public. But so far,
the United States has made
no move to apply the eco
nomic pressure that it obvi
ously could put on Prime Min
ister Hayato Ikeda's government.
One reason is that when
the Japanese freighters dock
in China, they have a lot of
company. A cargo ship from
Yokohama may well be found
sharing a Shanghai pier with
a merchantman from Norway,
Britain, France or West Ger
many. The fact Is that the United
States has encountered a great
deal of difficulty in selling
Its allies on boycotting Red
China.
Last year Japan's two-way
trade with Red China reach
ed $80 million, with Japan
selling about $36 million
worth of goods and buying
about $40 million worth.
Worth This Year
This year, the two-way
flow is expected to be worth
about $150 million. It still is
substantially below the lev
el of the 1930s, Japan's great
period as a trading partner
of China.
From 1930 to 1939 two-way
trade between China and Ja
pan annually averaged $214
million. On the average, Ja
pan traded with China at an
annual deficit of $17 million,
because Japan needed Chi
nese raw materials worse than
China needed Japanese goods.
In the foreseeable future,
China is quite unlikely to play
as large a role in the Japa
nese economy as it did in pre
war days. The Chinese simply
haven't got enough money to
buy much in Japan. China
can offer raw materials rath
er than cash, but its ability
to do so is limited by two
things.
Not Richly EndoweG.
In the first place, China is
not richly endowed with nat
ural resources. In the second,
Japan now has other sources
of supply in the West. How
ever, traders in both London
and Tokyo believe Red Chi
na will provide an improving
market for the things they
have to sell.
L. E. Ross, secretary of the
British legation in Peking, re
ported recently that there
were good prospects China
would eventually be "a major
importer of capital goods."
Britain's China Export as
sociation noted in its last an
nual report that nations of
the Communist bloc now ac
count for only 47 per cent of
China s foreign trade - a drop
of 21 per cent since The
implication is that China's dif
ficulties with the Soviet Un
ion are forcing her to buy in
the non-Communist world.
Britain's sources in Red Chi
na report that a substantial
1962 harvest and good 1963
prospects should enable Chi
na to spend less on food im
ports and more on factory
equipment.
This view was borne out
when a Canadian grain trad
ing mission recently returned
home from China empty-handed.
The Chinese have been
paying cash for Canada's
wheat for three years. Now
they are demanding that Can
ada accept part payment in
goods, a sign that the Chinese
at least feel strong enough
to bargain.
POLISHERS
for RENT at
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1213 N. Rivenid. 779-1474
elected who doesn't have Ma
fia approval.
Some of the stiffest opposi
tion to the Mafia has come
from the labor unions and
scores of labor leaders have
been among Mafia victims.
Police estimate that about
500 persons have been killed
by the Mafia in the last 15
years. The toll for this year
so far is estimated at 23.
The area's brightest young
people move elsewhere when
they reach maturity because
there are few opportunities
for them as long as the Mafia
is in control.
Tourists stay away for fear
of being kidnaped or killed.
Until Italy finds a means to
eliminate the Mafia, millions
of its citizens are destined to
continue living in fear.
s ' .
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The packages ore very different, but
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There is a genuine Volkswagen engine
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The engines are air-cooled, too. So
you never mess with water or anti-lreeze.
The Volkswagen Sedan seats 4 odults
comfortably or 5 adults uncomfortably.
I A mother, a father and 3 kids are about
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The Volkswagen Wagon is only 9
inches longer than the Sedan, a neat trick
all by itself.
It seats 8 comfortably, 9 uncomfort.
ably and 10 very uncomfortably, but it's
been done. (The kids that fit are count
less.) The WV Sedan averages 32 miles to
the gallon, the Wagon a mere 24.
-Once upon a time, people had trouble
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Meet
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-He Works for our Advertisers
He is one of the experienced circulation auditors on the staff
of the Audit Bureau of Circulations. Just as a bank examiner
makes a periodic check of the records of your bank so does
Mr. A.B.C. visit our office nt regular intervals to make an
exacting inspection and audit of our circulation records. The
circulation facts thus obtained are condensed in easy-to-read
audit reports which tell our advertisers: How much circu
lation we have; where it goes; how it was obtained; and many
other FACTS that tell advertisers what they get for their
money when they advertise in this newspaper.
Advertisers ere invited to ask for a copy
of our latest A.B.C. report.
Ihe Audit Bureau of Circula
tions, of which this newspaper
n a member, it a cooperative,
nonprofit association of nearly
4,000 advertisers, advertising
agencies and publishers. Or
ganized in 1914, A.B.C
brought order out of advertising
chaos by establishing: A def
inition for paid circulation; rules
end standards for auditing and
reporting the circulations of
newspapers and periodicals.
XT
11 KimjINfc