Q THURSDAY. JULY 25. 1963
Western World
(Editor'! not: Western
' ' deiense planners, already
worried by a series ot -.
' curity ihocki in Britain
nd elsewhere, got nolhor
' nuty surprise Ust month
with th rrt of on ol
Bwdn'f top military of-
fleers u contessed Sovit
spy.
' Thr was lmmediat
conctrn that his revela
tion! to the Ruiiian! may
. hay jeopardised the en
tire "northern flank" of
wetiern dafensei in Eu
' top. Th following United
" Press International team
. report by Joseph W. Grigg
' and Eli Maiiii in Farii,
' Ian Weitergren in Stock-
holm, Paul A; Allerup in
' London and Darrell Gar
wood in Washington, al
ienee the damage, at it ii
known today.)'
By
.-United Press International
"My God!" exploded the
man in the British Defense
ministry. "Not Wenner
troem!"
That was last June 20, the
day Sweden announced the
arrest of Col. Stig E. C. Wen
nerstroem, recent head of the
Air Force section of the
Swedish Defense command,
trusted aide of the country's
defense minister, Svcn An-
dersson. Wennerstrocm had
admitted being a paid spy for
the Russians for 15 years.
No one was more shocked
than the Swedes themselves.
But the repercussions went
much further to NATO
headauarters In Paris, the I
Pentagon in Washington, the
defense ministry in London.
Watermelon Seed
Spit Mark Broken
Raleigh, N. C. - IUP1) - Wally
Ausley, a local boy, spat a
watermelon seed 35 feet and
fix inches Wednesday.
.The unheralded Auslcy's
remarkable performance as
tounded the- crowd, shamed
his competitors, and . broke
the watermelon festival rec
ord. The old champion, John
Alexander, once spat a watermelon-
seed 34 feet. His
best effort Wednesday was 29
feet, but it appeared that
would do.
Then Ausley stepped to the
foul line, bit off a hunk of
watermelon and carefully se
lected a likely seed with his
tongue. He held the seed be
tween his teeth, wafting air
around it to dry It off. '
.Then he leaned his 200
pound frame forward, squint
ed and loosed a mighty spill
that brought gasps of wonder
from the crowd. I
"It's Just a matter of condi
tioning, said Ausley modestly-
Catterick Camp, England -m
- Lt. Col. Clive Tonry,
commandant of the 8th Sig
nals Regiment, today ordered
Ills troops to reduce the hun
dreds of pinups above their
bunks to three per man.
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The big question was how
much had Wenncrstroem
told? How much could he
iiave known about NATO
plans and. weapons?
Sweden, Europe's famous
"neutral" through two world
wars, was not a NATO mem
ber. But as a western na
tion, a friend if not an ally of
the North Atlantic powers, it
had long had access to some
of the latest in western wea
ponry, almost certainly had
mapped its own defenses in
line with what it knew of Al
lied planning.
Sweden is still pumping
the blond, handsome 56-year-old
colonel to learn every de
tail of what he passed an to
the Russians and he is said
to be cooperating fully. Swe.
den's own future depends as
much as anyone s on the an
swers he gives.
Meantime the whole west
ern world has been making
its own assessments a n d
some of them have been un
comfortable.
No One Comments
Officially, neither Sweden
nor NATO nor any of the
western countries involved
has commented on the speci
fics of Wennerstroem' dis
closures to the Kremlin.
On the official level, there
has been a tendency to play
down the likelihood of any
really serious damage to
NATO's defenses. Unofficial
ly, however, reporters "test
ing the temperature" in the
concerned capitals find many
clues that the worry goes
deep.
In Stockholm, leading
newspapers have said flatly
that the colonel may have
laid the country "bare" for
an attack before a new na
tional defense scheme can be
prepared.
The assumption is the Rus
sians know in detail Sweden's
present defense set-up. It is
reasonable assumption
since Wenncrstroem himself
was among the defense plan
ners. Swedes a'.so are con
vinced that the colonel gave
the Russians details on a
wide variety of top-secret
Swedish and NATO weapons,
including data on the latest
Swedish-built jet fighters and
Bofors guns and rockets.
In Washington, U. S. offi
cials reexamining security
precautions in the light of
the Wennerstrocm case and
other recent lapses have ex
pressed alarm that the Swed
ish colonel may have reveal
ed dnta on the Important
Hawk anti-aircraft mlsBlle to
the Russians.
The Hawk missile Is de
signed to kill low-flying air
craft which can avoid con
ventional ground-to-air mis
siles. It Is a technically ex-
1 ccllcnt weapon which the
Soviets were not able to
match until recently after
the U.S. negotiated sale of It
to Sweden in mid-1960. Bel
glum, France, West Ger
many, The Netherlands and
Italy also bought Hawk mis
siles.
By coincidence, or other-
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Making Assessments of Wennerstroem's
..... j ii ..U Un ulran t
wise, the Soviets now have a
missile, known as "Sam-3,"
which nearly duplicates
Hawk. They might have de
signed it without the aid of
espionage but ' ta on Hawk
would have been a major
coup.
Could Destroy Planes
Had Russian crews had a
Hawk-type missile in Cuba
last fall, they might have
been able to destroy the low-
ADMITS SPYING - Swedish
i
strocm, left, who admitted spying for the Soviets for 15
years, is preceded by unidentified policeman as the for
mer arrives at Magistrate's Court in Stockholm. (UPI)
Background Work
By Kennedy Aide
Ends Racial
By AL KUETTNER
UPI Corretpondnet
Burke Marshall has done it
again.
At the Justice Department
where he is assistant attorney
general in charge of the civil
rights division, Marshall has
the reputation of getting
things accomplished when all
else alls. His boss, Robert
Kennedy, leans heavily on his
ablution and called on him
again as the racial crisis at
Cambridge, Md., worsened.
Tuesday, white and Negro
leaders whose conflict at
Cambridge had produced bit
terness and some bloodshed
for 10 months announced an
agreement that halted demon
strations indefinitely. . The
news accounts said simply
that Marshall was present to
witness the signing of the set
tlement in Kennedy's office.
Marshall's work - handled
in the Cambridge case with
out going to the scene in per
son - was largely instrument
al in bringing opposing fac
tions together and producing
the climate that made negotia
tions possible.
Second Victory
This was the second major
victory on the civil rights
front for Marshall in three
months. He played a key role
in producing a settlement of
the racial upheaval In Birm
ingham, Ala., last May.
When Marshall arrived in
the steel city, the possibilities
tor restoring peace were
gloomy. Huge demonstrations
were erupting on the streets
as thousands of Negroes but
tcrcd at long-standing racial
barriers. The city had two
governments, the result of a
recent changeover that had
not taken effect.
A civic group called the
"Committee of Seventy" was
attempting to work out at
least a truce Unit would halt
the demonstrations which
were threatening to become a
riot. Members of the commit
tee were getting nowhere
with Negro leaders or with
each other. There were wide
diftcrcm-cs of opinion on how
to deal with the uprising.
Two Persons Flown
By Mercy Flights
Two persons were flown by
Mercy Flights Inc. Wednes
day. One whs brought to a
local hospital and the other
was flown closer to her home
in southern California.
Mrs. Annie Carter, 84
Downey, Calif., who had been
visiting in the Talent area
was flown to Long Beach
Calif., and Gilbert Baker
Coos Bay, was brought from
the hospital there to Rogue
Valley hospital for treatment
of a fractured back suffered
in an industrial accident at
West Coast Orient Tuesday
These two persons bring to
1,397 the number ot patients
who have been flown by the
non-profit air ambulaiue serv
ice since it was started.
flying U.S. reconnaissance
planes which located the
long-range missiles the Sovi
ets secreted there.
British military observers
see other dangers. Tftey have
said that a quick Russian
knockout of Sweden, made
easier by Wennerstroem's
help, could give the Soviets
a big advantage in any future
war. According to this reason
ing, the Russians would over-
IT
6
Air Force (Joi. Stig Wenner
Crisis
Marshall did not seem to cut
much of a figure as he walked
down a long corridor at the
Chamber of Commerce build
ing and into a board room
with the Birmingham com
mittee. The quietest voice in the
room was thai of Marshall, a
41-year-old Harvard - trained
lawyer whd had no civil
rights experience prior to
Joining (he Kennedy admin
istration team Jn its early
days.
Within only a. few days,
however, the committee had
reached an agreement with
Negro leaders to embark on
the city's first efforts at de
segregation of public accom
modations. Although the
agreement was unofficial inas
much as there was no munic
ipal government to approve
it, the Negro side accepted it
In good faith. This was more
ot Marshall's persuasive work.
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Plus Other Exciting Features
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run Sweden using only con
ventional weapons and would
have it in their hands before
the NATO powers not like
ly to start atomic warfare
before the Russians did
could do anything about it.
One British commentator
described this phase as an
"atomic pause" during
which the Soviets invade
Swedish Lapland and move
into NATO-partner Norway,
occupying its western coast
as far south as Narvik.
Open Western Europe
It already has been point
ed out in the United States
that any such development
would expose NATO's north
ern flank; in effect, opening
western Europe to attack
through the back door.
As a trusted officer of the
Swedish defense staff, Wtn
nerstrocm may well have had
access to technical data on
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Hawk. Between 19S2 and
1957. the affable Swedish
colonel served as an air at
tache in Washington and was
a favorite in diplomatic and
military circles because of
his impeccable culture and
charm. What he may have
learned in Washington has
not been speculated on in
public.
He departed Washington in
mid-1957 in an aura of spe
cial sympathy because his 16-ycar-old
blonde daughter had
run away for a time, without
the benefit of marriage, with
a congressional page boy.
Before leaving, Colonel
Wennerstroem was awarded
the Legion of Merit and a ci
tation which said he had dis
tinguished himself by excep
tionally mcritorius conduct
as a senior attache" and had
"contributed immeasurably
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to Swedish-American friend
ship." In Paris, spokesmen at
NATO headquarters decline
any comment whatsoever on
such suggestions. Nor will
they hint as to how much,
if any, damage Wenner
stroem's leaks to the Rus
sians may have caused. But
there is no concealing that
NATO officers are gravely
unhappy about this lop-level
security breach.
French defense ministry
sources also admit unhappi
ness but claim some of the
press reports of potential
damage to western defenses
by Wennerstroem have been
exaggerated. One French of
ficial told United Press In
ternational: "This is, of
course, a bad thing. But it
cannot be considered catas
trophic for the alliance."
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He said it could be taken
as a matter of course that
Sweden itself was now re
organizing its own defenses
which Stockholm says it is
and "this should present
no great difficult'es."
He would not say whether
NATO also is reorganizing
affected parts of its over-all
defense program but a news
man's guess would be this
probably also could be taken
for granted.
Under Interrogation
Wennerstroem. whose trial
is now expected to take place
some time this fall, is under
intensive interrogation and
it is understood in Stockholm
that the Swedish , defense
staff and intelligence service
are working closely with
NATO experts in the job of
fitting together what the
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Spying
Cuinrlich nrocc Viae nll l
Swedish press has called
"this shocking spy puzzle."
If convicted, Wennerstroem
would face life imprisonment.
Speculation as to the ex
tent of the help Wenner
stroem was able to give the
Soviets will continue at least
until his trial, and probably
beyond.
On the surface there ap
pears no limits to what the
colonel might have given the
Russians at least about Swe
den's own security secrets.
At the time of his arrest he
was the disarmament expert
at the Swedish foreign of
fice. As head of the Air Force
defense command until 1961
he was privy to all the coun
try's military information.
. Rarely has one country
had a more strategically
placed spy in the top military
echelons of another.
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