I
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6 A
THURSDAY, JULY 18, 1963
MKDFORD MAIL TRIBUNE. ME0FORD. OEEGOM
Crude Tools May
Be Link Between
Two Americas
New York, N. Y. -(Scientific
American Feature)-Crude
tools of volcanic glass acci
dentally discovered in the
mountains of Ecuador four
years ago by A. Allen Graff
ham, an American geologist
and amateur archaeologist,
may provide a long - sought
link between the prehistoric
men of the U. S. and those of
South America, according to
William J. Mayer-Oakes, pro
fessor of anthropology at the
University of Manitoba
Winnipeg, Canada.
"By comparing the kinds
of tools made at various
sites," Dr. Mayer-Oakes ex
plains, "investigators h a v
learned much about the rela
tionships which existed among
the ancient people who in
habited the North American
continent and reconstructed
their movements across the
U. S. In some detail.
"In recent years they have
been able to find traces
North American tool Indus
tries as far south as Mexico
and Central America, cuiuw
the Isthmus of Panama, how
ever, the trail of these cul
tures seemed to end abruptly,
Most sites in South America
yielded quite different arti
facts despite the fact that all
of these peoples appear to
have had their origins in the
nomadic hunters who crossed
tiis Bering Straight from Asia
on a land bridge which exist
ed at the time of the last ice
age.
Good Evidence
"There was good evidence
that men had camped in caves
near the Strait of Magellan
some 10,000 years ago but
nothing to explain how quick
ly and by what route they
had arrived there. What was
needed was the discovery of
a tool assemblage of sufficient
size and richness to show re
lations between this and other
sites in South America and
link them to North American
sites.
"A site of this character has
now been investigated high in
the Andes near Quito in Ecua
dor. El Inga, as Robert E.
Bell-of the University of Ok
lahoma and I have named the
place, was first discovered by
A. Allen Graffham who
stumbled across the site dur
ing a week end outing and
wag Impressed by some frag
ments of stone which amear-
. ed to be the work of ancient
toolmakers.
"In particular he was at.
traded by certain tools of vol
canic glass which had been
fluted, or chipped from the
bases along the axis of the
' points, Both the shape and
fluting of these tools re
sembled the so -called 'Fol
som' points and 'Clovis' points
found in the western and
southwestern U. S. Graffham
reported his find to Bell and
when Bell subsequently invit
ed me to examine the material
I was struck by another as
pect of the collection. For me
the most distinctive items
were several fishtail points
identical in shape with points
unearthed nearly 30 years
ago at the Strait of Magel
lan. May Provide Link
"It was apparent to us that
the excavations at El Inga
might provide the link that
has been lacking between the
aieo-lndlans of the Plains
region and their counterparts
in me nemispnere s far south
uunng me last three years
mure man 13.U00 tools and
fragments of tools from El
inga .nave neen recovered.
"From these we selected for
siuay o.ouo that obviously
were fashioned, functional
iooib.. i nave been analyzing
una luiiucuon til me Univer
sity of Manitoba while Bell
wonts at Oklahoma. In th
character of the tools we find
mueii evidence of relations
oeiween me early Americans
of both continents but this is
all tentative. What is not yet
ueierminea is just how char
acteristic of specific peoples
una umcs ine point styles are
which have been collected at
an sues.
"It more firm dates are es-
iHDiisncd lor certain styles,
and if it can be shown that
"itjr are gooa noriron or
time, markers, tracing their
occurence across the conti
nent should eventually recon
struct the pattern of early
miin s nomadic wanderings.
The lack of dates at El Inga
and many other sites is a
handicap in this effort. But
the fact that tools recovered
at El Inga strikingly resemble
those made botli by the an
cient men of north and far
south may yet lead to an in
sight that will make the
whole Jigsaw piuzlo complete."
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Appii
1
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inspector W the ,.;..
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