MEDFORD MAIL TRIBUNE. MEDFORD. OREGON
SUNDAY. JUNE It. 1113
CONFLICT-OF-INTEREST QUESTION STIRS CONGR
irj:i .
immmwc m no; anouid e
member oi Congreu whs
rotes on defense appropria
tion! be entitled to hold a
reserve military commis
sion, or is this an Illegal
conflict of interest? The
problem, which is causing
quite a stir in Congress, is
discussed in the following
dispatch by United Press
International).
Washington -HT0- Should
a simple change of hats be
sufficient to convert Sen. Bar
ry Goldwater and Rep. Carl
Albert into Maj. General
Goldwater, USAF, and Colo
nel Albert, USA?
The question involves pos
sible conflict of interest and
the meaning of the United
States constitution. Also in
volved are 175 other members
of the House and Senate who,
with Arizona's Conservative
Republican Goldwater and
Oklahoma's House Democratic
leader, have retained commis
sions in the Armed Forces re
serves. Can these citizen - service
men properly lead a double
life, sandwiching drills and
occasional tours of active duty
between votes on weapons
authorizations, defense budg
ets and military pay raises to
which they may become en
titled? For his part Goldwater has
asked the Senate Judiciary
committee to look into the
whole question. In that re
quest he has been joined by
Sen. Strom Thurmond (D
S.C.) who is Maj. General
Thurmond In the Army re
serves. A similar study has been
requested in the House by
Rep. Gerald Ford (R-Mich.)
who recently resigned a com
mission as lieutenant com
mander in the Naval Reserve
after a period of inactivity,
and Rep. Richard Boiling (D
Mo.), who is the holder of a
commission as an Army lieu
tenant colonel.
Recently published news-
B 3
ESS
and the rulings on members In
service have been uneven over
the years.
In 1861, according to Gold-
waters research, the House
ruled that a man was "not en
titled to his seat since he was
mustered into the military
services of the United States."
Again in 1901 reference was
made to a bar against active
members of the military serv
ice serving in Congress.
In 1916 the House Judiciary
committee decided, after a
thorough study, that seats of
members of the House who ac
cepted commissions in the
National Guard (there was.
then, no reserve) would "at
once become vacant."
Report of 1918
In that 1916 report, how
ever, the House Judiciary
committee quoted in a Su
preme Court finding that fed
eral "office" within the mean
ing of the constitution in
volved duties which are "con
tinuing and permanent, not
occasional and temporary."
Moreover, Congress, by Its
own action, has provided that
SENATOR-GENERAL U. S. Sen. Barry Goldawter (R
Ariz.), a major general in the U. S. Air Force Reserves,
strolls along the Berlin Wall. (UPI)
paper stories (particularly in
the Scripps Howard news
papers) have focused Congres
sional attention on the "com
patability" of , Congressional
office and Reserve military
rank. However, Goldwater
told the Senate recently that
he has been arguing the issue
with correspondents ever
since he first became a Sena
tor. Article I, Section 6, of the
constitution says: "No senator
or representative shall, dur
ing the time for which he was
elected, be appointed to any
civil office under the authori
ty of the United States, which
shall have been created, or
the emoluments whereof shall
have been 'increased' during
such . time; and no persons
holding any office under the
United States jhall be a mem
ber of either house during his
continuance in c'fice."
Also under the constitution,
the Senate and House are the
judges of their own members.
Countries Campaign Against
Chickens; Other Areas Sought
By JAMES R. CAMPBELL
United Press International
Siloam Springs, Ark.-fllPD-Herbert
Hoover once talked
of a "chicken in every pot"
and eventually this came to
pass. The birds were produced
so quickly and cheaply that
there were not enough pots
to put them in.
Europe provided the an
swer. Exports widened the
market and raised prices at
hume. But then, on June 1
last year, the Six European
Common Market countries
upped their tariffs and the
trouble began.
Now, the levies have been
raised again - by about one
and one-quarter cents a pound
- and exports must be cram
med into the domestic mar
ket at lower prices.
Why has the United Stales
been shut out of the Euro
pean poultry market? Why
so much fuss over chickens?
Blames France
W. H. Simmons, chairman
of the board of the American
Institute of Poultry Industries
fAtpn hlamps France.
where sex - even in chickens
- has become an issue.
"The French have a publi
city campaign going saying
nur Doultrv is not fit to eat,"
he said. "For instance, ads
have appeared in newspapers
and magazines over there say
ing we put hormones in our
chickens. These hormones
were permissible but they
were not used because they
cost too much for the results
vnn Bet
"What they do is de-sex the
chicken so you get more meat.
The French implied we were
t.uini tn de-sex all the
Frenchmen.
"That's kind of ridiculous,
Simmons smiled.
Pnnlanit In the Act
Even England, non-market
country, got into tne aci. r.ng
nh nnultrv men. said Sinv
mnn have raised a cry about
the possibility of getting New
castle disease irom nmenwn
"NOW Newcastle uico i
named after Newcastle. Eng-
land," Simmons said. "Any of ,
it we've had here we got from
England. This is a health bar-1
rier which is strictly trade
barrier."
"France is the big oosta
cle," Simmons insisted. "By
and large the German people
want U.S. poultry. But a lit
tle clique of importers who
bring in from nearby coun
tries, including Iron Curtain
countries, want to shut us
out." ,.
The tariff is not a world
shaking event. But Simmons
believes it may be a fore
runner of worse things to
come for other exporters.
"We were dead after June
15 of last year." he explain
ed. "We lost all we had gam
ed In five years overnight.
Simmons' own firm. In the
rich poultry-producing state
cf Arkansas (second only to
Georgia), exported 8 million
pofcnds of frozen chickens
during the first five months
of 1962. It fell off to less
than 1 million pounds for the
rest of the year.
The Arkansas Poultry Fed
eration said $7,543,000 flowed
into the state from exports
in the first six months of
1962. After that, there was
only a trickle. Arkansas ex
ported 24,969,205 pounds dur
ing the first six months of
1962, 16 per cent of the na
tional export and 10 per cent
of the state's production.
Situation Critical
Now, scarcely one per cent
goes abroad and that only on
demand loads. It's getting
critical, he said.
Some producers will go
broke and there will be some
jobs lost until we can adjust
back to a profitable market
for domestic demand," he
said.
Poultry is one . of the few
commodities produced with
Building Permits
Issued for Homes
Building permits have been
Issued by the Medford build
ing department to Leon L.
Evans to make an addition to
a warehouse at 837 South Riv
erside ave. at an estimated
cost of $18,000, and to Hut
chins and Clarke Construction
company to erect a $10,000
residence at 1551 Miracle
lane.
Hawthorne Gardens Apart
ments, 737 Stevens st., was is
sued a permit to complete
construction of 45 carports at
an estimated cost of $1,500.
Don Furtick Apartments, 755
Stevens st., was issued a per
mit to install a lawn sprinkler
system at an estimated cost
of $1,000; and to Mrs. Helen
Bell to erect a duplex at 381
and 383 Benson st. at an ap
proximate cost of $13,000.
government-supported grain,
processed by American labor.
which can be put on the table
in a foreign country at a high
er quality and lower price
than they can produce it
themselves, he said.
Finding a place' to sell the
chickens now is the problem.
He said suggestions of re
taliation, such as slapping
high duties on foreign cars.
French perfume and tulip
bulbs from Holland, are not
likely to get anywhere with
the government
It concerns the North At
lantic Treaty Organization
(NATO) and defense as well
as chickens."
Other Placet Sought
Simmons said he s con
vinced there are other places
in the world where the United
Slates can sell its poultry.
Campaigns now are under
way in Japan and Liibya,
among other countries, ne
said.
The exporters are publiciz
ing "the wholesemeness of
U.S. poultry," explaining it
Is the "most-inspected in the
world.
Harold Snyder, president of
Arkansas Valley industries at
Dardanelle, Ark., recently re
ported that something like
200 firms produced 50 per
cent of the broilers three
years ago. Today about 50
companies are responsible for
more than 50 per cent of the
production and marketing.
Officially, the market
claims it is "protecting" the
European farms. The six
member nations - France,
West Germany, Italy, Bel
gium, The Netherlands and
Luxembourg - also claimed
the higher tariff (now about
13 cents per pound compared
with 4 cents per pound before
the increase last June) was
needed to offset a drop in
import prices.
The U.S. is protesting. It
had expected a reduction, not
a hike. It got a shock, instead.
a member of the reserves or
the National Guard is not con
sidered an officer of the
United States even when on
active duty for training pur
poses. Congress also has provided
specifically that members of
the Guard and the reserves
can hold civilian government
posts and collect pay from the
federal government for both
jobs.
The Defense Department is
officially mum In the argu
ment over the status of its
capitol hill reservists. Under
standably enough, however.
Pentagon officials make a
strong case in private for re
servists in the Senate and
House.
"Should a farmer serve as
a member of the agriculture
committee? If he owns a farm
should he be required to sell
his farm while serving on the
committee?" one Defense De
partment official asked rhet
orically when the issue was
posed.
Others Mentioned
"Should a newspaper re
porter or editor be required
to surrender a commission
they may hold in one of the
reserve components? They,
too, occupy a position of very
great public trust and are in
a position to influence legisla
tion through public opinion,"
the Pentagon official said.
More outspoken is the Re
serve Officers association of
the U.S. which described the
conflict of interest argument
as "a subtle attack upon the
'minute man' tradition" in
which members of Congress
are entitled to play their role.
"Those who seek to brand
our patriotic reservists in
Congress with 'conflict of in
terest' simply because they
make themselves available to
the nation and train to main
tain their readiness, have in
deed erected a straw man:
for there can be no conflict
of Interest when patriotism is
involved," the association de
clared in an editorial.
Is there, in fact, a conflict
of interest? Conflict or no,
it must be said that some of
the reservists show a lively
Interest in Congressional con
troversies which involve their
respective services.
No one in Congress has been
a more ardent champion of the
Army's Nike-Zeus anti-missile
missile than Maj. General
Thurmond, who recently
forced the Senate into its first
secret session since World
War II tn an effort to effect
a Nike-Zeus speed-up.
No one has been a sharper
critic of the decision to phase
out manned bombers from the j
Air Force than Maj General !
lioiawaier, wno is also a
strong supporter of the RS70
strike plane.
The list could be extended.
But many Congressional ob
servers doubt that it would
prove much of anything-ex-cept
that many members of
the Senate and the House are
veterans of military service.
There Is, for example, the
case of Senate Democratic
Leader Mike Mansfield
(Mont.), who once achieved
the exalted rank of private
first class in the Marine Corps
and now maintains no reserve
status. With other non-active
Marine veterans such as Sen.
Paul H. Douglas (D-I1I.), Mans
field has been instrumental in
making the Marine Corps the
only service with a statuatory
minimum strength.
The suggestion Is that, In
Congress as elsewhere in the
U.S.:
You can get the man out of
the service, but can you evef
get the service out of the
man?
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