nturunu mail j mount., incut unu, unmoN THURSDAY. JUNE 13 1M3 g j
off Three Qreek Shfooeirs CSetoDd
ka u.., a . i Pi.. i : a -i M
IFascimiaDDDg
By CHARLES W. RIDLEY
United Preu International
One of the "G o 1 oVe u
Creeks" is gone and the ques
tion now is how will this af
fect the fabulous shipping
empires of his dynastic sur
vivors? Stavros Livanos, 72-year-old
patriarch of the Creek
oil - tanker millionaries, died
in Lausanne, Switzerland, in
late May. And with his pass
ing the spotlight was turned
again on the two other
"Golden Greeks" who mar
ried his daughters - then sur
passed hum in empire build
ing. They are Aristotle Soc
rates Onassis, now 57, and
Spyros Niarchos, 54.
The stories of the three
men are fascinating.
Livanos started life as a
crewmen with his brothers
on a small ship his father
operated out the tiny Greek
island of Chios, where Li
vanos was born. Little ship
by little ship, he and his
brothers - with Stavros al
ways the guiding genius -built
up a merchant fleet that
eventually turned him into
sne of the world's richest
men, controlling more than
70 tankers and freighters.
Aristotle Onassis married
- and later divorced - Li
vanos' younger daughter
Athina in 1946, and in 1947
Niarchos married Eugenia Li
vanos, one year older than
her sister.
Onassis and Niarchos, long
bitter rivals, now each have
shipping fortunes estimated
at about $300 million. Niar
chos has the world's largest
privately-owned tanker fleet.
Onassis' fleet is almost as
big.
Their home and business
headquarters are scattered in
seven capitals across the
globe. Niarchos' 190 foot
three-masted schooner "Cre
ole is the biggest private
sailing ship in the world.
Onassis' yacht "Christina," a
converted 303-foot- Canadian
destroyer, is equally spec
tacular. Transport Oil
Between them they cur
rently own more than 130
tankers and 13 freighters for
a total of about 2.6 million
tons. In good years their
tankers and super tankers
transport more than 5 billion
gallons of crude oil around
the globe.
Each has a young son and
daughter, all four born to the
Livanos girls in the United
States, thus ensuring them of
the benefits of American
citizenship and a maximum
chance of following their
fathers in straddling the
world.
In addition to his merchant
fleets, Onassis also success
fully operated a whaling
fleet for a time, owns a large
part of Monte Carlo, includ
ing the casino and the Hotel
de Paris, and runs the Greek
"Olympic Airways" on a 10
year lease "as a hobby."
The vivacious, frank and
friendly Onassis, a five-foot,
three-inch bundle of energy
and charm, also has found
time to monopolize the in
ternational society columns.
Callas Romance
His romance with Greek
American opera soprano Ma
ria Callus, which led to the
break-up of his marriage to
"Tina" Livanos in 1959, has
frequently claimed the atten
tion of the world press.
So has Onassis' friendship
for Sir Winston Churchill,
frequent guest during his old
age aboard the Onassis yacht
and at Monte Carlo.
Explaining his close attach
ment to Churchill, an indi
vidualist and a flamboyant
personality after Onassis
own neart, the Greek mag
nate once said:
"We are all deeply indebt
ed to him for the system of
life we enjoy. He has given
that system an extension of
life. Let us hope that the ex
tension will last long."
Onassis was born in Smyr
na, son of Homer Socrates
and Penelope Onassis, who
owned a flourishing tobacco
trading business. In 1922,
when Onassis was 16, the
Greco Turkish war ended
with Smyrna under Turkish
domination.
Onassis, his father and
other members of the family
were jailed, but on account of
his youth "Ari" Onassis was
quickly released. Through a
friendship with the American
consul in Athens and other
influential people, he man
aged to buy his father out of
the Turkish jail.
But Onassis fell out with
his family and shipped to
Buenos Aires aboard a crowd
ed emigrant ship, with $60
in his pocket.
In Buenos Aires, though he
spoke no Spanish at the time,
Onassis got a job aa night
switchboard operator with a
British telephone com D n y
for a wage of $73 month.
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Allowing himself only
three hours sleep a day, ho
set out to sell tobacco from
the Balkans during his hours
way from the switchboard.
He was soon free-wheeling
and in the first year he sold
$200,000 worth of Balkan to
bacco to the Argentines. His
commit slon was $10,000.
Using thU capital he shipped
back grains and hides to
Europe.
By 1930, seven years after
arriving virtually penniless
in Argentina, Onassis trad
ing skill had made him a
millionaire. It was then that
he started his shipping em.
pire by buying six freighters
from the Csnadian National
Railways for $20,000 each.
The ships had cost the Can,
dian government $2 million
each to build.
In 1938 he built his first
tanker, the 15,800-ton Aris
ton In Sweden. He built two
more before war came to
Europe in 1939 and bloekeri
his ships for most of the
duration.
With the end of Mm urr.
Onassis' career became min
gled with that of Niarchos,
when both saw a great future
for oil tankers at a time when
other shipping men did not.
instead of building tankers
at first, Onassis joined Niar
chos - by then his brother-in-
law - In buying up surplus
18,800 -ton tankers from the
United States.
But both ran afoul of U.S.
laws which stipulated war?
surplus must be sold only to
American citizens or American-dominated
companies. In
the end they settled with the
U.S. government out of court
when Niarchos paid $12 mil
lion in Tines and penalties
and Onassis $7 million.
Borrow Capital
Then both went on to bia
ger success by ordering new
tankers at a time when ship.
ouueung yards were Idle, and
wun capital largely borrow
ed from banks.
By comparison with Onas
sis, Niarchos, a brown-eyed
charmer who shuns publicity.
naa an easy road to success.
He was born in 1909 at
Piraeus, the port of Athens,
three months after his par.
ents returned to Greece from.
the United States, where they
ran a small hotel at Buffalo,
N.x. in Greece the Niarchos
family was prosperous, but
not fabulously wealthy.
through a grain and shipping
business. .
Alter getting a lawyer's
degree at Athens university,
Niarchos entered the family
business at the age of 20. In
the depression year of 1930,
he persuaded the family to
buy ships of their own to
transport their own srain at
cut freight rates. ...
Profits Soar
Profits of the family busi-
ness soared 400 per cent and
by 1938, Niarchos was ODer-
ating a fleet of his own.
Niarchos' fleet was com
posed of only two tankers
nd a few freighters at the
time war broke out. He
turned the fleet over to the
Allies and Joined the Royal
Hellenic Navy.
When Niarchos wss mus
tered out ss a Lieut. Com
mander, he collected $2 mil
lion Insurance for six of his
ships sunk during the war.
Like Onassis, he also col
lected one of the daughters
of Stavros Livanos, then the
undisputed Greek shipping
king.
The insurance capital was
enough to start Niarchos off
on his post-war enterprise.
"But money Is not neces
sary to success, Niarchos
once said In his quiet, pen
sive manner. "To get ahead
in life you need foresight and
timing."
Foresight and timing are
what Niarchos snd Onassis
showed they have plenty of -and
a knack for making the
right connections.
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CORNER JACKSONVILLE HI WAY AND LOZIER LANE
Dunes City Votes
or Incorporation
Dunes City, Ore.-HIPD-Resl-
dents of this 1.800 acre tract
round Woahink lake near
Florence have voted 143-74
to Incorporate as a town and
call It Dunes City.
The area has 274 eligible
voters.
Next step will be certifica
tion of the vote by Lane)
county commissioners and
election of five city council
men.
Supporters of Incorpora
tion contended they were
mainly Interested in home
rule, zoning and planning
and a spokesman denied the
move was simed st blocking
national sesshore In the
dunes area. A small part of
the area Is Included in a bill
by Sen. Maurine Neuberger
(D-Ore.), to establish a sea
shore.
VOICE IMPROVES
New York -(DHJ- Metropoli
tan soprano Roberta Peters,
who has received critic's raves
for her "Carousel" album on
Conmmand, comments: "It s
because of my children. I
found that after giving birth
to my two sons my voice be
came much richer in quality."