MEDFORD MAIL TRIBUNE. MEDFORD. OREGON
SUNDAY. JUNE . 1M3
B 5
Moscosos Believes
By ARNALDO OTERO
Washington EPt Teodoro
Moscosos reftises to sell
President Kennedy's billion
dollar, long -range Latin
American alliance for prog
ress program short.-
Critics and downgraders to
the contrary, he thinks that
eventually it will achieve its
purpose to banish commu
nism from the hemisphere
by erasing poverty and illit
eracy and giving the Latin
American masses a better
way of life.
Moscoso, who emulates a
bumblebee as he hurries
about his job, is the presi
dent's coordinator of U,S.
participation in the pro
gram. Because of his knowl
edge of Latin America, he
was chosen 18 months ago to
get the project off the
ground.
Far From lis Coal .
He knows full well that to
day it is not perfect and is
far from its goal. But he con
fronts his critics confidently
and is as determined as Mr.
Kennedy to make it work.
Moscoso, a native of
Puerto Rico, made that clear
in a candid interview in
which he dealt with the most
persistent complaints against
the alliance, its administra
tors and some foot-dragging
Latin American participants.
Here is the interview in
question and answer form:
Q: Do you now feel that
the goals of the alliance were
set too high and thus make
complete success next to im-
possible?
. Allianca Will Succeed
A: In the first place, the
the alliance will succeed.
There are too many reasons
hy I think so to list them.
I don't think the goals were
set too high. What may have
been set too high was the ex
pectation of a rapid achieve
ment. This is a 10-year pro
gram. People' are starting to
gauge its success over an 18
month period. I think this is
unfair to those who participate-,
including the Latin
American governments.
The setting up for what may
seem to be high goals was
done primarily by a group of
Latin American economists.
And I think they were very
realistic when they set them.
We will not start to reach
those goals in at least a num
ber of years for the same rea
son that you don't reach full
speed in an automobile im
mediately. I think that what is going
to happen is that by the end
of the 10-year period, most
of the nations of Latin Ameri
ca will have achieved a rate of
growth higher than the goals
set up.
Q: Many describe the pro
gram as a faltering alliance.
Do you agree?
Program Has to Be Planned
A: No. A program such as
this has to be planned. You
have to get ready to put it in
motion. And this has been the
period we have been going
through to move faster later.
Q: Then you are out of the
planning stage and into what?
A: Into the action stage. Six
nations have submitted their
basic plans to the Organiza
tion of American States. Six
additional national plans are
to be turned in shortly.
Q: A condition of U.S.
economic aid was that greater
self-help and reform efforts
had to be undertaken by the
recipient countries. Have they
kept their promises?
A: It is very difficult to gen
eralize on how fast reforms
can be made in any country,
including the United States.
We (in the United States)
have had the need for reform
ing our attitude toward the
segregation of school chil
dren since the Supreme Court
decreed nine years ago that
there should be no segrega
tion. We have made very slow
progress in complying with
the ruling.
So I don't think that you
can say that the Latin Ameri
can governments have been
making unnecessarily slow
progress. They have made
good progress in certain in
stances and not enough in
others.
Aiks for Names
Q: Could you name some of
the countries that are not
meeting their commitments?
A: No. It would not serve
any useful purpose. I think
most of us here and in Latin
America are aware that many
of these governments are
changing rather rapidly in
their approach to their needs
and that pressing problems
affect their ability to push re
forms. Asked about specific situa
tions in some specific coun
tries, he declined to be
quoted.
Q: Can it be said that you
do not expect the alliance to
succeed completely In all the
republics?
A: Yes. And certainly not
in 18 months. We will have
an imperfect performance In
most of the countries. How
ever, we will accelerate and
do better as we gain experi
ence. To Social Development
Q: Some businessmen here
and abroad claim the alliance
is geared too much toward
social development and not
enough toward strong private
enterprise development. Is
that the case?
A:' Economic and social
development have to move
forward simultaneously. If
you have one without the
other you have an unbalanced
lliance Will
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Eventually Achieve Its Purpose
COORDINATOR OF PROGRAM Teodoro Moscosos, shown
above in a picture taken in November, 1961, refuses to sell
President Kennedy's billion-dollar, long-range Latin-American
Alliance. For Progress short. Moscosos, a native of
Puerto Rico, is the President's coordinator of U.S. participa
tion in the program. (UPI)
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economy. Social develop
ment without economic prog
ress means that the super
structure of social services is
going to topple some day. On
the other hand, if you have
economic development with
out social progress, you may
also topple the structure
through hidden and latent
forces created by social ten
sions which erupt in violent
manifestations in many in
stances. Q: Some critics say the
United States has not met its
commitments. Is this true?
A: No. They have been
met. One of the commitments
was that we would make
available at least SI billion
within the first year of the
alliance. And we did. We
committed in the first fiscal
year some $1.2 billion and
disbursed more than $1 bil
lion.
Question Us of Montr
Q: Some U. S. taxpayers
question the use of their
money for Latin America
when Latin capital is fleeing
Council Approval
Of Housing Plan
Sought in Ashland
Ashland - Council approval
for a proposed 12-unit housing
project for senior citizens was
sought by Bert DeKorte, Val
ley View contractor, at this
week's council session.
DeKorte explained the stip
ulations required by FHA for
building loans and said that
he would like to have the nec
essary steps taken for the first
such center at Maple and
Rock sts. He announced that
he hopes to follow this first
unit with another larger proj
ect in Ashland.
Members of the council rec
ommended that favorable ac
tion be taken on the project
when it is presented to the
city planning commission.
The council gave approval
to the June 22 Water Carnival
parade and discussed a re
auest from the chamber of
commerce for continuance of
the Economic Development
committee on a yearly basis
after the June 30 expiration
date.
Purchase of city-owned land
by the Northwest-Pacific De
velopment Corps was referred
to the realty committee.
Harry Rees, 171 Wightman
st., requested a meeting with
the traffic committee to study
the problem of heavy truck
ing through a residential area.
George Langford, 430 Holly
St., asked the council to take
action on a "serious" drainage
situation and to provide pipe
for his property.
Chipman Takes Job
With Valley Station
Art Chipman, formerly
sales manager for KYJC Ra
dio, has been appointed na
tional sales manager and di
rector of merchandising and
promotion for KMED Radio
and Television, according to
Ray Johnson, general manu
aacr.
Chipman has been with
KYJC for the past years.
Prior to returning to Oregon,
his native state, he had ex
perience in the national ad
vertising field, Johnson stated.
The Chlpmans live at 2251
Ross lane, Medford.
the area. What are your
views on this?
A: Capital often flees a
country because of economic
and political Instability, and
to avoid inflationary forces
that depreciate the curren
cies, 'among other reasons.
Anyone who has liquid funds
under these conditions tries
to protect the value of those
funds by putting them in safe
havens. This has been hap
pening throughout history in
underdeveloped countries.
Q: But why, some ask.
should the U.S. taxpayer pay
for this development when
local capital is running away?
A: They are not going to
pay for It. The Latin Ameri
cans themselves will be pro
viding the bulk of the funds.
More thm 80 per cent of the
Investment will be made by
Latin Americans, and is being
made by . Latin Americans.
What we are going to sup
ply is marginal funds. We
are going to show our faith
in their economies and hope
their own people will respond
to that show of faith by re
taining some of the funds
that otherwise might be in
vested elsewhere in their
countries.
Some Nation's Objected
Q: Some Latin American
critics say there is no central
agency but a multipliciy of
agencies in the alliance. What
are your comments?
A: I must say that the peo
ple who met at Punta del
Este in Aug. 1961, when the
alliance was drawn up, fore
saw this, and they tried to
create a focus of coordination
in the committee of nine wise
men. Unfortunately, some na
tions objected to centraliia
tion of the corrdinating ef
fort. So the powers of the
wisemen committee were
weakened. The committee
had been visualiied as the
central agency which would
have given the alliance not
only a very definite Latin
American characteristic but
new characteristic.
Q: You have been confront
ed with a series of violent
changes of governments in
Latin America. Some persons
expected the alliance to dis
courage such things, yet we
had at least three in recent
months. Could you comment,
please?
A: I think that military
takeovers in some of the coun
tries have disappointed quite
a number of people, not only
In the United States but in
Latin America. To that I will
say that it is again unreal
istic to expect miraculous
changes in attitudes and tra
ditions in a short time. I
think the best we can do is
to expect betterment and I
think that we are getting
that.
Dictators Disappearing
If you look back to the
past few years you will no
tice that we have seen a num
ber of dictatorships disappear
- that personal dictatorship
which has been so detriment
al to Democratic Latin Amer
ica; those dictatorships have
been disappearing.
We also can see that where-
sver these military takeovers
have taken place we have
immediately received assur
ances from the military Jun
tas of democratic elections In
a reasonable period of time.
That, by Itself, has been a
great improvement.
Q: In the forthcoming U.S.
election, the Kennedy admin
istration may be taken to
task for its role In Latin
America. Some may argue
that if the alliance is so good,
why couldn't it encourage the
fall of the Communist regime
in Cuba? Can Cuba be
brought back into the Bill-
Local Groups Assist
In National Program
A national program, New
Glory for Old Glory, is being
cosponsored in Medford by
the American Legion and the
National Institute of Dry
Cleaning.
The program. In Its 10th
year, encourages persons who
own United States flags to
have them dry cleaned, with
out charge, in preparation for
displaying them on Flag Day,
June 14.
All dry cleaning firms In
the Medford area are partic
ipating in the program.
Earlier this month Medford
Mayor James Dunievy signed
a proclamation proclaiming
the first two weeks in June as
a time for rededicating Old
Glory. In his proclamation the
mayor encouraged residents
to display the flag on Flag
Day.
made available to the alii
ance?
A: The Congress must re
view the appropriations that
ate made available for this
program every year. On the
other hand, the commitment
has been made by responsible
public officials for a 10-year
program. I think that with
reasonable performance from
the Latin American countries.
in so far as compliance with
reform and self - help meas
ures are concerned, that we
are going to get the backing
of Congress and the funds
will be made available.
But I would like to clari
fy point here. People in
Latin America have a tenden
cy to equate the aid program
with the funds available for
the Alliance for Progress. This
is not correct.
There are a number of
agencies, which participate in
the program and these agen
cies are totally or partially
financed by the United States.
I refer especially to the Ex
port Import bank, the Inter
American Development bank
(which iljianages the $400 mil
lion iuna supplied oy tne
United States) and, of course.
the Food for Peace program
which participates to the ex
tent of close to $150 million
a year.
Government Program
Q: Some people criticize
your program for being too
much of a government-to-gov
ernment program. What about
this?
A: It is bound to be so In the
beginnings of the program.
We are talking about pro
grams which deal primarily
with the creation of social and
economic infra structure
(changes inside a nation or
government). In all the coun
tries of the world the bulk of
the responsibility for this In
vestment is In the hands of
governments.
Obviously, since there is so
much need for this type of
work In Latin America, there
is bound to be a lot of govern
ment-to-government lending.
But there Is also considerable
peopie - to people program
ming, particularly by the vol
untary agencies - such a a
CARE, CAR1TAS, etc.
The other thing is that the
private sector, both In the
United States and In Latin i
A: I would have insisted on
reconsideration of the move
to create a focal point of decision-making
and overseeing
of the entire program. I think
that if such a body had been
created in the Punta del Este
Charter, there would have
been a greater sense of Latin
American participation. There
also would have been a great
er ability to come quickly to
the decision-making agency or
institution. Today, there is
quite a lot of dissemination ot
effort even though we are try
ing to do as good a job ot co
ordination as can be donu in
this vast enterprise. "
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virtue of credits made avail
able. If Cuba were a free
country, and a referendum
could be held in Cuba today
- even though it has not par
ticipated at all In the alli
ance - I would be absolute
ly certain that Cuba would
vote for the alliance and for
participation In it "
Reasonable Assurances
Q: Do you have reasonable
assurances from Congress
that new U.S. money will be
alliance work
The Private Sartor
The private sector also will
be helped because the aid
agency has been concentrating
on stabilization programs.
Probably this is Oie best thing
that can be done In order to
prepare a country for industry.
Q: If we had the privilege
of doing things again from the
start, what would you nave
changed In getting the alii
ance started?
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