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INVASION DOOMED - The second in
vasion o the North by the Confederates
began on June 3, 1863. It was an invasion
Which would fall in a blaze of glory at an
obscure crossroad in Pennsylvania a month
later. Gen. Robert E. Lee probably believed
that the war was lost, but there was no hint
ol despair as he recommended that the in
vasion take place. He felt that the invasion
could add zest to any anti-war feeling that
existed in the North. He also felt his ill
fed, ill-clad troops could live better off
the land to the north. Militarily he be
lieved he could menace Baltimore and
Washington. Here in a sketch from the
Library of Congress collection, the reac
tion of some of the people who did not
sympathize with Lee is shown. The drawing
shows a mass meeting in the north to rally
the home front against the invaders. (UPI)
Anderson Promoted
To Assistant Post
' Arleigh A. Anderson, tran
litman at Medford, was pro
moted Saturday to assistant
resident engineer in Eugene,
Forrest Cooper, state highway
engineer, announced.
The position will involve
responsibility in assisting in
the supervision of construc
tion projects on the Interstate
highway system and other
highways in the Eugene area.
Anderson started with the
department nine years ago as
a chainman and has received
twO' previous promotions.
it
Small Worlds
Around Us
By LYNN M. WATKiNS
Register stid Tfibun
Syndicate; ',963)
:: : M this
quiet
place...
Doubtful Thai Test Tubes
Will Replace Good Earth
A few years ago it began to
look like the dirt gardener
was on his way out. The man
with the hoe and shovel
seemed to be ready to be dis
placed by the man with the
test tube. Those folks that de
lighted in digging in the good
earth in order to plant seeds
appeared to be playing sec
ond fiddle; they seemed to
be coming as obsolete as the
horse c.i buggy. Science,
especially chemistry, was
about to reduce truck garden
ing to a chemical formula.
There were many optimis
tic people that sincerely be
lieved that all garden vege
tables were going to be grown
chemically. After all, they
argued, all the ground does is
hold the plant in an upright
position, and furnish a vehicle
for plant food. Hydroponics,
or solution culture, promised
great things.
AH that was necessary.
they thought, were long shal
low troughs with wire screen
over the top. On the screen,
moss or wood chips or some
material of like nature was to
be placed. This was to hold
the solution -in contact with
the roots of the plants.
The troughs were filled
with water to wiiich had been
a book may
be read that
can lead
. pou back
to health
You may have passed by this
quiet place many times but
nave never entered it. Yet here
in this peaceful room, ready
for you to read, is a book that
has restored health to many
that has renewed and
strengthened them as they
have learned to understand
God as the source of their
well-being. It can do this for
you.
The place is the Christ ia n
Science Reading Room; the
book. Science and Health
with Key to the Scriptures
by Mary Baker Eddy.
Stop at a Christian Science
Reading Room soon; read the
Bible and Science and Health
in lie quiet, undisturbed at
mosphere provided for you.
Borrow this book, free of
charge. Or buv it for yourself.
Library Edition $i. Paper
back Edition tt.Ua.
Second Invasion of the North
Christian Science
Rutting Room
lit w Siirti St.,
Hettr tiWi. Mutterd
t t.m. t $ Dil tticaet
U4m Molidarti
Wno doesn't thrill to the per
formance of well-trained ath
letes and who doesn't admire
their physical condition?
But there's serious concern
today about the vast majority
of our young people who atf
notatb!t:ea!iygiftedandwhos8
physical capabilities are stead
ily declining.
There's only one solution to
this problem. We must provide
cur children witn Balanced
educational programs to foster
full development intellectual
and physi'-at. All it takes are
parents and teachers who care.
Find out about the physical
education program in your
child's school. Don t judge it
by varsity activities alone.
Rather, find out what it offers
average youngsters.
For informstion about an
activity program that could
benefit your child, write to The
President's Council on Physical
Fitness. Washington 25, D.C.
F
added the necessary chemi
cals to feed the plants. Under
the warmth of the sun, or arti
ficial heat, the plants thrived
and fruited. The roots, feed
ing on this concentrated food,
sent life-giving nourishment
to every stem and leaf. The
boys were right, the plants
did grow, and did produce
fruit.
An experienced grower
eoufd determine to a certainty
just what chemical to add
from time to time to correct
any condition or ailment he
plants developed. Growth in
most instances was really
phenomenal. Results, under
proper supervision, were bet
ter than could be expected in
ground culture. It looked as
if "they had it made.'
The planter knew thai
plants need carbon, oxygen,
calcium, magnesium, sulphur,
phosphorus and iron. Lesser
amounts of zinc, copper and a
few other elements were also
necessary. Ail those must be
soluble, otherwise the plant
cannot use them. But the for
mula was worked out. Kits
containing the necessary
chemicals were packaged and
placed on the market.
Bonanza Anticipated
The prospective growpr
visualized himself raising ait
the tomatoes, cucumbers jnd
other vegetables he could
carry away. He planned on
doing his farming in his ga
rage, or in a corner of the
back-yard.
It looked like a big deal.
Besides, chemical farming
had no geographical limits. It
would also conserve space:
the directions on the package
said truckloads of produce
could be raised easily and
quickly, and all in just a few
tanks.
But there were flies in the
solution. Plants use different
nuinmems at oujerent sea
sons, or periods of growth, de-
pending on temperature.
Another problem was oxygen
aeration of the solution is ne
cessary or the roots wilt rot.
The problem of labor reared
as neaa. using trie proper
chemicals at the right time
calls for an expert and some
scientific training. With out
knowledge of plant's needs,
just anyone can't cook up or
mix up a balanced meal.
It sort of looks like we will
have to get along with the
ilood earth for some time; it
still promises to furnish food
for mans existence. If the
dirt gardener ever had a fear
that he would be outdated by
a test tube, he can rest easy
-his fears were groundless
11
GRADUATION
CARDS
Ifche yott can enoufli
217 1. Mm it. M4i,4
By MEBTOM T. AKERS
UPI Correspondent
The second invasion of the
North, which would fail in
blaze of glory in month
at an obscure crossroads vil
lage in Pennsylvania, started
June S, 18S3.
The day before. Gen. Rob
ert E. Lee hnd decided to
start his Army of Northern
Virginia marching along tlw
classic invasion route in the
Shenandoah Valley corridor
which runs into Maryland
and Pennsylvania. This sec
ond invasion was bora of nec
essity and carried an overtone
of desperation. It earlier
counterpart of 1862 had
splintered on the hills of
Shsrpsburg, Md., along the
banks of Antietam Creek.
On this June day, Lee never I
had lost a battle to the Union
Army of the Potomac as com
mander of the Army of
Northern Virginia. He never
had beaten it decisively, eith-
er. Always after every defeat
it had come back bigger and
better equipped.
Lee s perfect battle of ,
Chancellorsville was a month '
old almost to the day when
he started his hungry army j
on the march. No one knew
better than Lee that Chancel
lorsville had been a Pryhhic
victory. And no one knew i
better than he that the limit
of indecisive victories was
near io hand.
Having Reservations 1
His faith in hts army was
firm but he was beginning to j
have reservations. In a letter!
to Maj. Gen. John B. Hood on ;
May 21 he said "I agree with '
you m believing that our:
army would be invincible if;
it could be properly organi-1
zed and officered. There
never were such men in an S
army before. They will go
anywhere and do anything if j
properly led. But there is the 1
difficulty - proper command-; j
ers. Where can they be ob
tained?" M
Likely as not when Lee ;
wrote to Hood he had ia mind ;
the loss of Stonewall Jack- j
son, who had died a couple ;
of weeks before from wounds
received at Chancellorsville. i
The death , of Jackson j
caused a reorganization of the
Army of Northern Virginia.)
Lee broke up the two-corps1
army into three, Lt, Gen. 1
James Longstreet continued
in command of the first
Corps. Richard S. Ewell was
promoted to lieutenant gen
eral and given Jackson's old
second Corps. Ambrose Pow
ell Hill, who had command
ed the famous Light Division,
was promoted to head the
new third Corps.
Compared to the Lee-Jack- j
son - Longstreet combination
this was a second team but it
was the best the commander
could field. I
to have glimpsed the darken
ing future of the Confederacy
He even ventured some poli
tical advice to President Jef
ferson Davis, something out
of character for Lee who was
always the soldier, never the
politician.
Deep Layer of Words
Lee wrapped his political
thoughts in a deep layer of
words. He wrote of peace
movements in the North and
conceded Federal superiority
numbers, resources and
all the means and appliances
for carrying on war, (but) we
have no right to look for ex
emption from the military
consequences of a vigorous
use of these advantages . . ,
We should not therefore
conceal from ourselves that
our resources in men are con
stantly diminishing, and the
disproportion In this respect;
, if they continue united
m their efforts to subjugate;
us, is steadily augmenting. . . :
. . We should neglect no
honorable means of dividing
and weakening our enemies
It seems to me that the
most effectual mode of ac
complishing this object, now
within our reach, is to give
all the encouragement we
can, consistently with truth,
to the rising peace party in
the North.
Nor do I think we should
. make nice distinctions
between those who declare
for peace unconditionally, and
those who advocate it was a
means of restoring the Union
however much we may pre
fer the former."
Lee closed the letter with
"I leave to your better judg
ment the proper course to be
pursued.
He was convinced that the
war probably was lost, bar
ring a complete collapse of
the North war effort but
there was no hint of despair
in the suggestion. He would
keep fighting, come what
might.
Another glimpse of Lee's
restless mood came from a
distant cousin, Randolph Mc
Kim, an army chaplain. Mc
Kim wrote:
"As I talked with him after
dinner, he cast his eyes unscathed. There lay hordes
across the Rappahannock to' f. herds of horses,
the camps of General aoseph!'0 Jm f1 lthaf- hst
Hooker's army and said to
me, l wish I could get at
those people over there.' "
To "get at those Deonle"-
was exactly what Lee now ) Worked Before
and shoes for the taking if
his men moved fast and the
Federals slowly, as he anticipated.
proposed to da but not in the
much fought-over wastes of
Northern Virginia. He would
lure them north across the
Potomac and fight them when
and where he chose. Mean-
Furthermore he
threaten Washington. Balti
more and even Philadelphia.
That plan had worked well
before.
'I think I can throw Cen
time his half starved, half-1 eral Hooker's army across the
clothed, half-shod army would
live off the fat of the land
is Maryland and Pennsylva
nia, the former touched only
lightly by the war, the latter
Potomac ... if I can do noth
ing more and have to re
turn,' he wrote to Davis.
The new second Corps com
mander, Ewell, led off the
fateful expedition early to
the morning of Jans S. He
had learned to ase his new
wooden leg and could even
mount a horse unassisted. He
had lost the leg at the battle
of Grovetoa in the Second
Manassas campaign nearly
year earlier. Jast before re
porting for hit new job he
had been married to widow
ed cousin, Liztekg Camsbelt
c e u I d J Brown. She was about 44. he
was 58.
Historian Douglas Freeman
described Ewell as "bald,
popeyesi and long - becked,
with a piping voice that
seems ta fit hss appearance
as strange unlovely bird;
he probably hss stomach ul
cere and chronically com
plains of headaches, sleepless
nights and indigestion; bat
he quickly shows that he has
chivalreti, fighting spirit
along with sharp tongue and
as edif sesse tsf humor,
Frspesed Plea
Longstreet had reservations
about the invasion. He pro
posed to Secretary of War
James A. SeeMos, that hts
corps be seat west ta rein
force the Confederate army
around Vrekssurg, Miss. He
visualized defeating the army
of Mij. Gen. U, S. Grsat waf
then sweeping north to the
Ohio River. He tried sat toe
seherae on Lee, too, but neith
er Lee cor Seddan fell ia
with the plan. Longstreet m
sat happy about E well's pro-
motion, feelisg that 0. H, Hitt
was the better maa tor corps
leader.
At a meeting of Lee's lead-
A 3
ers sa Jas LcngjUfct re
newed hit ebJeeUssc Us t
" ... if we were ever gaing
to make so offensive bsstte,
he wrote later, it shsald h
done south of il FsSojess
Even Presidest Divii woaM
develop some reaervatie&s
and fessid back traeia tbst Les
seeded 1st the taiea.
Ami Lengstreet would car
ry his convictions cf a de
tease campaign almost to Sfe4
disaster pomt at the Peas
sylvasia crossroads is art ot
scare town called Gettysburg,
Bat the army and other
officers liked the prospects sf
aetios ia new territory.
"Have so tear we shall sot
beat their. Mi. Gen, Dorsey
Pender wrote to hss wife.
IiihUHy tfetifefott Slim-Mint
CMicr, m' tjv -
m bi. At drajfui.
ft
RE
9
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