4 A
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Medford and Jackson County
History from the tllet or The
Mail Tribune 10. 20, 30, 40
and 50 years ago.
10 YEARS AGO
May 29, 1953 (Friday)
Dr. Elliot S, Degman, su
perintendent of the Southern
Oregon Branch Experimental
station who has been here
since 1937, has' been trans
ferred to a position in We
natchee, Wash.
State forest patrol employ
ees will "take to the woods"
in the next few days to guard
southern Oregon's forests
iigainst fires.
20 YEARS AGO
May 29, 1943 (Saturday)
U. Col. H. D. Necly, for
mer resident, reaches Seattle
after taking part In bombing
raid on Japanese installations
at Attu.
From Arthur Perry's "Ye
Smudge Pol" column: "The
president of Liberia, Negro
republic, visited the senate,
and swept that august body
off Its feet by the shortest
speech of its kind ever made.
No time should be lost In
breaking this notable record
by one and all statesmen."
30 YEARS AGO
May 29, 1933 (Monday)
Capacity crowds attend
program at the Mail Tribune
rooking school at local
theater.
Oregon hopyard workers
strike for wages of 20 cents
an hour and get it.
40 YEARS AGO
May 29, 1923 (Tuesday) .
Medford Chamber of Com
merce plans to put up
"booster" signs on Crater
Lake highway.
Memorial day services will
be held at Page theater If
threatening weather con
tinues. SO YEARS AGO
May 29, 1913 (Thursday)
Medford Police Chief Hltt
son blames scries of local bur
glaries on "floating dope
fiend."
Rudy Sholtz, second base
man for Medford baseball
team, receives offer to play
for Portland Colts of North
west Professional league.
What's Your I.Q.?
Nina or ten correct Is superior;
seven or eieht is ticsllent; five or
sis Is flood.
1. Where did Solomon build
his Temple?
2. In addition to mileage
allowance, U. S. Congressmen
also receive extra pay when
they attend special sessions;
true or false?
3. It Is, or Is not, correct
to cat artichokes with the fin
gers? 4. How Is the humming
sound produced by a bee?
5. According to Paul, what
' arc the abiding virtues?
. The so-called Century
Plant blooms only once in
every century; true or false?
7. Do stalactites or stalaR
mitej form on the roof of
aniestone caves?
8. Whnt Is the number of
the prohibition amendment to
the U. S. Constitution?
9. What is the salary of the
President of the United
Slates?
10. With what Is concrete
usually reinforced?
Answers! 1. Ml. Moriah in
Jerusalem. 2. Falsa. 3. It is.
4. Vibration of wings. S.
Faith, hop and charity. .
Falsa. 7. Stalactllos. S. Eight
onth. S. $100,000 par roar.
10. Sloej rodi or wira.
tK(y5X imi!HEs
WEDNESDAY. MAY 29, 1963
Senators Distrust People
The Oregon State Senate distrusts the people
of Oregon.
It has refused by a margin of three votes
to allow the people to vote on a new Constitution,
to replace the 106-year-old document which has,
in considerable measure, outlived its usefulness.
It has repudiated the hard work of a top-flight
revision commission, of two House and Senate
committees, of the House itself, and of the Gov
ernor, who said :
"This legislature's greatest legacy can be the
referral of a realistic, modern Constitution."
THREE VOTES one of them by Sen. L. W.
Newbry of Jackson county defeated the
Constitution yesterday. As this is written there
is little if any prospect that it can be revived in
this session.
But the new Constitution is not dead.
There is a large body of opinion in Oregon
and if the signs are right, that body of opinion
is growing that we MUST have a new Constitu
tion, and that one very much like the proposed
one is the answer.
The document could
the people by initiative
happen.
Otherwise, it could
sions. There is also the
tutional Convention.
IT IS OUR belief that the 13 Senators who de
nied the people a right to vote have done
a serious disservice to the state, one which will
take much time and effort to rectify.
They apparently believe that the voters of
Oretron are not sufficiently wise to determine
what their own basic charter shall be.
We are not arguing
Constitution, although we are on record as sup
porting it.
But it is infuriating
men can thus prevent the
cise in self-government.
SENATOR NEWBRY was quoted as saying it
ia "lnnr-inn-nuiiis1' fn nslr iho npnnlp tn vntf
to deny themselves the
elected officials.
We say it is incongruous for him to make
that statement in justification of denying the
people the right to vote
The Legislature as a
to be a somewhat vacillating, nit-picking, back
biting, partisan session.
And when the Senate kills outright a docu
ment which was prepared with care, diligence,
non-partisanship and statesmanship, it is a slap
at the people of Oregon. E. A. ( '
- rf.-r-'"'''"'
Civil Defense Rebellion
Oregon has gained for itself a distinction,
of sorts, by being the first state to rebel, in ef
fect, against Civil Defense.
Portland has thrown out its entire CD pro
gram. And the Legislature, by almost eliminat
ing any funds for CD, has virtually killed any
statewide program.
It is likely that other cities and counties will
follow suit.
The nation has taken notice. Federal CD of
ficials have remonstrated. But the Portland city
council and the Legislature went ahead anyway.
THE SAN FRANCISCO Chronicle finds this
both intriguing and satisfying. It said :
"Portland has always seemed one of
the Nation's more conservative and sensi
ble cities, and we see no reason to change
that opinion upon learning that its city
council has voted to abolish the municipal
program for civil defense, a $109,000 item
in the budget.
"While the cult of the fallout shelter
is a large one in this country it once em
braced President Kennedy among its more
zealous members there are substantial
numbers of people who don't believe in
the cult's preachments. Portland has the
distinction of being the first city in the
United States to say so.
"Even though Portland had built a
$(550,000 underground civil defense oper
ations center and had a million dollars'
worth of CD equipment on hand, the pub
lic declined to become shelter-minded.
Last fall it voted clown a tax levy to keep
the program going. Last week's CD aboli
tion vote by the City Council simply rati
fied the public's decision."
WE HAVE VERY mixed feelings about this
turndown of civil defense.
For one thing, we strongly believe it has had
an important role to play in natural disasters.
A good example of this was the way everyone
pitched in, with CD coordination, during the
floods of Dec. 2 in the Rogue valley. Some sort
of coordinating agency, where a skeleton organ
ization can be quickly fleshed out to meet emer
gencies, is needed.
But we have also felt that the "defense," as
opposed to "disaster," functions of the agency
were ridiculous, when what we are talking about
is nuclear warfare.
It is our conviction that there is no "civil de
fense" against a multi-megaton hydrogen bomb,
and to waste money p r e t e n d i n g there is
is asinine. E. A. M ,
be brouimt to a vote of
petition, and this may
come up m Juture ses
possibility of a Consti
here the merits of the
to think that 13 willlul
voters from' this exer
right to vote for five
on a Constitution.
whole has shown itself.
"Imagine, $40 billion to put man on the moon. That comes
to about 1220 for avery singla Amarican . , what a wastel
Think of tho fun you could have in Las Yogas on 220 bucks!"
Communications
Letters to the Editor must bear 'the name and address of tho writer.'
although under certain circumstances the use of a pen name or initial
for publication is permissible. Tho 'Mail Tribune reserves the right to
edit all letters with a view to clarification and condensation. Letter
submitted for publication must nor exceed 400 words. Tho letters
printed in this column do not necessarily represent tho views of tho
paper, in fact tho contrary is often tho case. t
Desira for Understanding
To the Editor: Many thanks
for your good article, "T h e
Image of God" (May 1). S
It stirs within our hearts a
desire for clearer, cleaner, un
derstanding of the way ..of
life and knowledge of our
Creator, so that the purpose
of our being may be fulfilled
and not wasted. .
We stand now at the point
of decision, the crossroads of
destiny; on to oblivion or on
to peace, joy, and life for
ever more in an atmosphere
with that Great One who holds
the entire universe of unend
ing space within the dynamic
grasp of His intellect. "In
Him we live and move and
have our being" Acts 17:28.
Oh, that men would accept
what the Christ of the Bible
leaches when He saicf, ."He
that hath seen me hath seen
the Father" Jn,14:9. All that
He gave off with, was a dec
laration of the personality of
God. ,
The Father, by voice of
person, declared Christ to be
His "Beloved Son," Matt. 17:5
3:17, Had .these, declarations
been made in a corner with
out wltnessess, We would per
haps, be Justified In disbelief,
but now we have been se
cured from error by witness
es of authenticity, those close
ly associated with Him be
fore and after His death and
resurrection, more than five
hundred men and women.
It docs little good to chal
lenge pet theories of Agnos
tics, or so called scientists,
but it is easily noticeable that
no two of them agree as to
any one thing In particular
when attempting to set the
time of earth's beginning; and
place that event at anywhere
from 1 million to 100 thousand
years, thus proving their de
ductions as mere guesses and
poor ones at that.
They attempt to establish
periods of time by rock for
mations and strata of erup
tions in the mountains and
classify their findings as facts,
not considering the turn overs
of earthquakes and floods as
mentioned in scripture.
' Our own nenr-by mountains
declare that the flood waters
covered this section, and ex
posed sea shells In the sand
stone formation In many
places.
The surest tost of Bible or
igin is the prophecies that it
reveals.
Their fulfillment, hcrct
fore, and now coming to pass
before our eyes, are the sure
test of a God that knows the
end from the beginning,
James Williams
P.O. Box 441
Jacksonville, Ore.
Appreciation
To the Editor: The Rogue
Valley Council on Aging staff
sincerely appreciates your
helpful co-operation in pub
licity of the work schedules
at the Senior Activity Cen
ter , till 1 East Jackson st. And
hs chairman of the senior
citizens' week program. May
20 to 28, Mr. L. C. D.ivis,
president of the Medford Fif
ty Plus club. Joins in express
ing full appreciation of your
help at informing the public
of senior citizens' week pro
gram. Rogue Valley Council
on Aging
John E. Gnbble,
secretary
Senior Activity Ccnior
Medford
Buddy Poppy Sale
To the Editor: The annual
Veterans' Buddy Poppy sale
for the Veteran's of Foreign
Wars was held May 24 and
2S in Medford. These thoughts,
small deeds and small contri
buttons are important, come
to our mind as we take this
opportunity to say thanks to
the public for their part In
helping make it a huge suc
cess. As In previous yearsthese
MhDFORD MAIL TH1BUNE. MEDFORD, OHEGON
Fit IM VZJ 1 1 III - J
M I1 it n minim
symbolic flowers of Flanders
Field were sold on the streets
by a group of volunteer mem.
bers of the VFW Post 1833
and members of its Ladies
auxiliary. They were assisted
by volunteer workers from
youth groups in the commun
ity. The Post and auxiliary
maintains a relief fund, into
which is placed all net profits
received from the sale. Most
of the money collected in this
sale will remain right here in
our own communily, to help
finance relief and welfare for
veterans and their dependents
in need. The balance of the
proceeds of the annual Buddy
Poppy sale is used to help
maintain the nation-wide re
habilitation service of our or
ganization. For example, we
contribute to the operation of
tho VFW National Home for
orphans at Eaton Rapids,
Mich. This is the only home
of its kind in the world, found
ed in 1925.
Many long hours of work go
into this project, from the
time the material is placed in
the hands of the disabled vet
eran who makes the popples
until it is pinned on the pub
lic lapel, and we say thank
you to the men, women and
children who so graciously do
nated to this worthy cause.
Mrs. R. D, Johnson
President
VFW auxiliary 1833
Medford
In the Day's News
By FRANK JENKINS
From Washington comes
the news that President Ken
nedy will visit Ireland next
month but won't visit the
village of Blarney, or Blar
ney Castle - and so it fol
lows that he won't kiss the
famous Blarney Stone.
WHY not?
Two reasons are offered:
1. Kissing the Blarney
Stone involves contortions
that would be bad business
for the President's back,
which he strained in 1961
while planting a ceremonial
tree in the course of a state
visit to Ottowa, Canada's
capital.
2. He doesn't need to kiss
the Blarney Stone, because
he is adequately gifted with
blarney, anyway.
WHAT is the Blarney Stone?
It is a triangular stone
located in the wall of Blar
ney castle, about 20 feet from
the top. It contains this in
scription: "Cormac McCarthy
forlis me fieri fecit," a rough
translation of which would
be "strength makes Cormac
McCarthy proud."
HOW did it get its name
and fame?
The legend goes like this:
Back in 1602. one Cormac
McCarthy, prcumably a de
scendant of the McCarthy
who carved the inscription
on the stone some 2'j cen
turies earlier, concluded an
armistice with Lord C.new,
the British Lord Mayor of the
town of Blarney. D'iy after
day, Lord Carcw looked for
the surrender of the castle
I according to the terms agreed
upon, but received nothing
but soft speeches each day.
In time, he became the
laughing stock of Queen Eliz
abeth's ministers and the
dupe of the blarneying Lord
of Blarney.
ONE more question:
Why it the kissing of the
Stone of Blarney such a dif
ficult feat as to make it in
advisable for those with wean
backs?
ELL. the Stone Is Imbed
ded In the outer wall of
Haile Selassie Is Catalyst for New
Organization of Nations in Africa
By PHIL NEWSOM
UPI Foreign Naws Analyst
Twenty eight years ago
when Emperor Haile Selassie
of Ethiopia nleadcd in vain
for League of
" . . 1 Nations action
to regain his
throne from
the Italian in-
tprvpH i n a H.
I VXJli I ver,em'y as
I M f I the catalyst
aaaaVllLaaaJ which end e d
any hope for
the League as
Newson
a world force. Last week in
Addis Ababa the 71-year-old
emperor served as a catalyst
Strictly Personal
By Sydney
fcl Field Enterprises. Inc.
FEARS AND HOPES
In his recent book, "On
Knowing," which I unreserv
e d 1 y recommend, Jerome
Bruner, pro
fessor of psy-
c h o 1 o g y at
Harvard, o b
serves that.
"In time, and
as one comes
to benefit
from experi-
e n c e,. one
learns that
B.rn, things will
turn out neither as well as
one hoped for nor as badly
as one feared."
' We can learn fairly early in
life that our fears are gen
erally exaggcrated-the "bad"
things that happen to us are
not nearly so bad after they
happen as they seemed in
anxious expectation of them.
There is some compensation
in almost every loss; the mind
takes care of that.
What is much harder to
learn, however, and what is
usually not learned until quite
late in life (unless we are pos
sessed of exceptional matur
ity) is that the 'good" things
that happen to us are not quite
as fuliy satisfying, do not
solve our problems, as we had
hoped.
t
Every gain seems larger
before wa have it than aft
er we hava achieved it: the
raisa that looked so con
siderable a year ago has
added to our expenses with
out substantially increasing
our savings; the woman who
lilted our needs so exquis
itly during the engagement
is a moon whose "dark
side" wa began to glimpse
only after the marriage.
Unless we are able to
hold our fears and our
hopes in a more or less
sophisticated equilibrium,
wo are continually in dan-
the castle, some three or
four feet down from the floor,
whose edge is perhaps a cou
ple of feet from the castle
wall.
There is only one possible
way to reach it with your
mouth, if you are bent on
kissing it. You lie down on
your back on the floor, with
your head toward the wall.
You grasp a couple of iron
bars attached rigidly to the
outer wall, and pull yourself
backward until your head
touches the wall.
At this point, an attendant
grasps your feet. You bend
your head back sharply, in
order to bring you upside
down and face to face with
the wall that contains the
sione. With the aid of the
attendant who is gripping
your ankles, you let your
self down until your lips
come opposite the stone,
which you KISS.
You are then dragged back
up by the heels. Considering
the state of our President's
back, we must agree that he
is wise In refraining from
kissing the Blarney Stone.
AND-
i Let us add-
He displays the wisdom of
the r.rpent in staying away
from the village of Blarney
and its world famous castle.
Someone in the party, you
know, might DARE him to
kiss the stone - and. being a
member of the physically ori
ented Kennedy clan, he Just
might not find it within the
realm of possibility to back
away from the dare.
Man Arrested on Petty
Larceny Charge Here
Dennis Michael Brad I e y,
20. of 718 Gilman rd . Mod-
j ford, was arrested Monday
i night by Jackson county sher
iff's deputies and lodged in
I the county jail on charges of
j mall theft, later reduced to
petty larceny.
Bradley is charged with
taking two envelopes contain
ing checks from mall boxes
jn'lif" v
BO
Deputies said no checks had j ly on the marble floor
been cashed, and all but one The voluptuous reception
had been burned by Bradlf y. I ist relieved him of his fyand-
of another sort.
For it was at his invitation
that heads of state or their
representatives from 30 inde
pendent African nations met
in Addis Ababa's new Africa
Hall to draft a charter of Afri
can unity.
Speeches of the various
leaders themselves made it
obvious that any real African
unity is years away by the
most optimistic estimate.
Yet that agreement was
reached on any charter at all
represented a signal triumph.
For meeting in Africa Hall
were such personally ambi
tious leaders as President
Gamal Abdel Nasser of the
J. Harris:
ger of losing our emotional
balance, of pinning too
much on tho Big Break or
shrinking away too fear
fully from tho speciro of
iailure and disaster.
If wo look back upon our
childhood, wa can plainly
sea how obvious this is:
neither tho catastrophes nor
tho triumphs wore as mean
ingful or decisive as wo had
imagined.. Yat tho time
ahead of us is not much dif
ferent from tho time past -
it is tho same psychological
S"'", piayvu wii a laiyci
.. scale, for larger stakes, but
still not as consequential to
our souls as we still, half
childishly, imagine.
The public is baffled, and
a little contemptuous, toward
those celebrities (usually in
the entertainment world) who
despite fame, fortune, extra
ordinary good looks and all
the other desiderata we so
ardently yearn for, neverthe
less are disgruntled, unhappy,
confused, and sometimes em
bittered to the point of sui
cide. Such personalities cannot
be understood unless we rec
ognize that they have been
betrayed by their hopes com
ing true. They delusively be
lieved that things would be
well once fame and fortune
were theirs; and all their fan
atical striving for success was
directed toward this end.
When their infantile wishes
were gratified, however, they
quickly found that some basic
satisfaction had eluded them.
They had climbed to the peak
- but the top of the mountain
is cold, windy, and lonesome.
Hope, of course, is a better
comrade - in arms than fear,
if we must make a choice.
But both attitudes must be
tempered by the calm recogni
tion that neither leads us to
heaven or to hell.
Sex and Sadism, J cj
Keys To Peace
By Arthur Hoppe ffVa. J
In Britain, you may have
noted, the non-violent paci
fists are happily sneaking
around spying on defense in
stallations, outwitting Scot
land Yard and generally rais
ing hob. But very non-vio-lcntly.
And thus we have a
new cultural phenomenon:
The Cloak and Rubber Dag
ger Set.
I'm glad. I happen to think
non-violence is a great idea.
But it's awfully hard to sell
in a society raised on West
erns and Mickey Spillane.
Indeed, our Leader himself,
Mr. Kennedy, is a fan of the
newest fictional hero, Brit
ish Secret Agent James
Bond. And you can see why.
Mr. Bond is the ultimate in
sophisticated political real
ism. He's got a license to
shoot people.
But; now that the non-violent
pacifists have taken up
spying, it gives the whole
movement a grand air of in
trigue and romance. At last
I think we can sell it. In fact,
I'm working on a spy thriller
with a new non-violent hero:
Post Bond, SANE Secret
Agent 0006.
Post Bond paused imper
ceptibly on the steps of the
Aldermason Ballpoint Pen,
Souvenir Ashtray & Nuclear
Bomb Factory, Ltd., and un
obtrusively shifted his finely
tooled Peace button to the
underside of the lapel of his
hand-tailored sackcloth robe.
Again he checked the setting
on the finely ground lense of
the Special Minox camera hid
den in his flowing beard. One
couldn't be too careful in this
business.
What if." the thought
crossed his finely sensitive
mind, "they penetrate my cover-that
of a visiting U. S. Con
gressman?" He dismissed the
thought coldlv and coolly en-
tercd the lobby, his finely
i stitched sandals clacking firm
United Arab Republic, Pre
mier Ahmed Ben Bella of
Algeria and President Kwame
Nkrumah of Ghana.
And brought together were
such militantly neutral Afri
can states as the Casablanca
group and the more moderate
and more pro-Western Mon
rovia group. '
Deeply involved with his
efforts to bring Syria and
Iraq into the U.A.R. and with
success still in doubt, Nasser
contented himself mainly
with the role of observer..
Ben Bella brought the con
ference to its feet on the one
subject upon which they
could be said to be united -anti-Colonialism.
He said he
had 10,000 volunteers who
would fight colonialism, nota
bly in Portuguese Mozam
bique, Angola and Guinea.
He told the delegates, that if
they wanted freedom in Afri
ca, they would have to "die
a little or, if necessarily, en
tirely." But he also advocated the
go-slow policy espoused by
Haile Selassie.
Today & Tomorrow
By Walter
ri 1963. The
THE NEGROES AND
THE NATION
Suddenly, as it were, the
struggle of the Negroes
toward equality of status in
American so
ciety has taken
a sharp turn.
The demon
st rations in
B i r mingham
have proved
to be some
thing more
than the work
o f outsiders
Lippmann playing upon
the imaginary . grievances of
otherwise docile and content
ed masses.
Nobody can now doubt that
the grievances are genuine
and deep under the rule of
such men as Bull Conner and
Governor Wallace.
FOR a hundred years since
Lincoln freed the slaves,
this country has relied upon
the education of the Negroes
and the persuasion of the
whites to bring about that
equality of status to which it
is committed. We are now
realizing that the present
rate of change will not be fast
enough. The redress of the
grievances of the Negroes is
for the new generation too
slow in coming.
History teaches us that when
this point is reached in the
struggle for what men regard
as their just rights, a revolu
tionary condition exists.
Then the supreme questions
painted "Ban the Bomb!" pla
card on its finely wrought
Malacca pole and directed
him to the thermonuclear
weapon making room. "First
door on your loft, Honey,"
she told him. "And how's
about a weekend with me in
Brighton after?"
Had she hinted at more
than her words implied? He
coldly dismissed the thought.
Business first. His mind
clicking like a finely tuned
computer. Bond pushed open
the door - and stood face to
face with Dr. Yes, secret head
of SMISH, the nefarious So
ciety for Making Instruments
to Shush-up Humanity!
"We knew you were no
Congressman, Bond," whis
pered Dr. Yes sibilantly, his
cold eyes glittering coldly.
"You never smiled once."
Bond's hands flicked to his
slim, finely sewn chamois
shoulder holster. But before
he could draw his End-Nu-clcar-Tcsls
brochure, he was
staring down the muzzle of
Dr. Yes's curare-tipped cross
bow. "Farewell, Bond," cried Dr.
Yes, coldly laughing coldly.
And with that he released a
starving alligator from one
wall, a starving sabcr-toolhed
tiger from the other. 16 starv
ing, fer-de-lances from the
floor and a bucket of finely
mixed acid from the ceiling.
In a split second. Bond as
sessed the dangers. To one
less finely trained there
would seem no solution. But
virtually automatically he
drew forth from some inner
core of being that ultimate
defense of the non - violent
secret agent. He went limp.
I'm sure a thriller like
this will go like hotcakes. As
soon as I work out how to
get Mr. Bond to Brighton.
For let's not be naive. In times
like these we can't sell the
Christian doctrines of peace
and non-violence on sadism
alone. It's also going to take
a lot of sex.
The conference also brought
together two antagonists of
long standing. They were
Nkrumah, long an advocate
of a strong central African
union who told the delegates
they "must unite now or per
ish," and Sir Abubakar Taf
awa Balewa, Prime Minister
of Nigeria.
Nkrumah is an am' itious
man whose ambitions extend
considerably beyond tiny
Ghana. Suspicions of his mo
tives held by other African
leaders reflected themselves
in the conference.
' But Nkrumah did not quit
the conference. And in the
end, the African leaders
adopted a charter much like
that of the Organization of
American States. It has a sec
retariat, a budget committee
and the mechanics to develop
unified activity in the fields
of politics, education, r'efense
and communication.
The results were a personal
victory for Haile Selassie.
They also left up to him tha
hard job of making the charr
ter work.
Lippmann
Washington Post
are posed. Will the ruling and
privileged classes take com
mand of the coming changes?
Or will they cling to theif
privileges and become tha
immovable object in collision
with an irresistible force? -
11HE white people of this
country, not only the white
people of Alabama and Mis
sissippi, are now at that cru
cial point where they must
answer those questions.
T .y must choose, on tha
one hand, between leading the
movement toward equality of
status and, on the other hand,
standing aside and letting mat
ters be decided by collisions
between the Negro agitators
and the Bull Connors.
The Negro rebellion is now
led by men like Martin Luther
King who preach and practice
the Gandhian doctrine of non
violence. It is a difficult doc
trine in any country, and this
is a rather violent country.
The doctrine worked effect
ively in British Irlia. But
there, the ruling power was
under the restraint of the long
British habit of constitution
alism. w
E CANNOT count upon
non violence persisting
in the face of brutal and illi
terate resistance. The out
standing danger is not that
there may be rioting and
brawling, for these can be sup
pressed. The outstanding dan
ger is a loss of confidence by
the Negro people in the good
faith of the white people. This
is where the turning point lies
at the present time.
If confidence is lost that
there is a legitimate remedy
for genuine grievances, there
will be lost at the same time
confidence in the doctrine of
non - violence. What will
come after that is unpleasant
to contemplate.
But those among us who
are capable of learning from
history will do well to re
member what happened in
Ireland and what happened to
Palestine before the grievan
ces of the Irish and f the
Jews were redressed, and also
to reflect on what is boiling
under the surface in those
parts of Africa where black
inferiority is imposed.
fTHE time has come when
there must be a change in
the American policy as it was
laid down under Eisenhower
and continued under Ken
nedy. This is the policy of
leaving desegregation, which
is a national commitment, to
the conflict between private
lawsuits and local authori
ties. The cause of desegrega
tion must cease to be a Negro
movement, blessed by white
politicians from the northern
states. It must become a na
tional movement to enforce
national laws, led and direct
ed by the national govern
ment. I think this is the direction
in which the President and
his brother, the attorney gen
eral, are now moving. They
should move directly and
boldly and take command of
a cause which cannot now be
left to irresponsible people. If
it is still possible, and I
think it is, to hold and even
to recover the confidence of
the Negroes in the good faith
of the whites, then this is the
basic principle by which to do
it It is to make plain by word
and deed that the Negroes are
no longer a weak and isolated
minority trying to push the
nation into doing what the
national law and American
principles require it to do.
Then, because the national
power is behind the move
ment toward equality of sta
tus, that national power,
which will be more than suf
ficient, can be exercised with
out violence, with wisdom and
with restraint. For it is the
very weak rebels who feel
that they must resort to tha
extreme measures. 4