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"Evaryone In Southern Oregon
KbTish-d Daily except Saturday by
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NEWSfAPi-
pUILIiHEIS
ASSOCIATION
RATIONAL
EDITOKIAl
N
Memoer California Newapaper
Publlihera Association
Flight o' Time
Medford and Jackson County
ii:... th film of Tn
Mall Tribune 10, 20, 30, 40
and 50 yean ago.
10 YEABS AGO
May 9, 1953 (Saturday)
Supplies of irrigation wa
ter in southern Oregon will
be "good" to "excellent" this
summer, it has been reported.
There was an expected de
crease in the number of Jack
son county residents without
jobs during April, but the de
crease was slower than ex
pected. 20 YEARS AGO
May 9, 1943 (Sunday)
Fire of an undetermined
origin causes $150,000 dam
age at motor repair shops at
Camp White.
From Arthur Perry's "Ye
Smudge Pot" column: "The
pay-as-you-go plan Is still be
fore Conitress. It has its good
points and Us bad. Under the
latter comes the fact that no
body will be able to go any
place after they pay."
30 YEARS AGO
May 9, 1933 (Tuesday)
Campaign opens to save
scenic beauties of road to
Crater lake.
Jackson county Rep. Earl
Day tells of sales tax advan
tages to Oregon.
40 YEARS AGO
May 9, 1923 (Wednesday)
Two arrested in Central
Point area for possession of
"moonshine."
Frank Perl elected Medford
High school student body
president.
50 YEARS AGO
May 9, 1913 (Friday)
Children refuse to attend
school after Siskiyou county
teacher tells them she will
throw them in Klamath river
If they don't bathe every day
Bids opened on paving first
mile of Grants Pass-Crescent
City highway.
What's Your 1.0-7
Nina er fen correct U superior;
seven er elahl il eicellentf rive er
tlx It good.
1. What island bears the
nickname "Emerald Isle"?
2. What name Is given to
the study of insects?
3. Do more persons in the
world speak English, Chinese,
or Russian?
4. Dalmatian dogs come
from Dalmatla; true or false?
S. There are U. S. Mints In
two of the following cities;
name them: San Francisco,
Washington, D.C., Phila.
delphla, Pa., Albany, Fort
Knox.
6. Washington and Lee Uni
versity is located in which
state?
7. During World War II
was Portugal a combatant?
8. What have the following
names in common: Stmpton
Holland and Moffat?
9. What do the letters 'pp
stand for In musical compost
tions?
10. What Is a glazier?
Answersi 1. Ireland or Eire.
2. Entomology, 3, Chinese, 4.
False (England). 5. Ban Fran
Cisco. Philadelphia. 6. Vir
ginia. 7. No, 9. They ire all
tunnels. 9, Pianissimo (very
soft). 10. Glass cutler and setter.
The Sound of Protest
(Editor's note: The following editorial wag written
before word was received from Salem that the Jack
sonville highway relocation project would be delayed
pending further study.)
Can you really fight
. . J it -il
iviarKS suggested me outer uay, can enougn pet
pie be persuaded that
The reference, of course, is to Jacksonville
where a staunch band of citizens, aided by
others who value the community, are battling to
keep a highway from slashing diagonally through
the town, thus damaging it in the eyes of many
knowledgeable people irreparably.
Thev still have a little time to:
1. Attempt to pursuade the city council to
change its mind once again and reject the pro
posed highway route, or:
2. Attempt to pursuade the highway com
mission to permit more
tive routes wnich would
THE Jacksonville folk, as noted, are not alone
in this effoit. The story about the threat to
the historic values of the
ing. Protests are mounting, not only to the com
mission, but to the Governor.
The Salem Capital Journal commented edi
torially the other day as follows:
BYPASS JACKSONVILLE
"We note that the State Highway Commission pro
posed to chop historic Jacksonville in Southern Ore
gon down the center with a new highway.
"Jacksonville Is one of the few Oregon cities which
had a gold rush, complete with villainy, intrigue,
murder and manhunts. It is rich in past. And it
also, unlike co many gold rush towns, has retained
things of value. It still has a good many of its orig
inal buildings in pretty decent repair. It isn't a ghost
town, for Its citizens have created something of a
'living museum.'
"A highway shouldn't be dug through the center
of all this if there is any alternative.
"The State of Oregon has spent much effort and
money bypassing other cities to speed traffic flow.
"Effort and money spent in searching for a by
pass route for Jacksonville would serve two worthy
ends-traffic flow and preservation of a town rich
in history."
N PENDLETON, the East Oregonian recently
reprinted a Mail Tribune editorial which pro
tested the Jacksonville action, and the editor
then commented thus:
"There is ample precedent for this (forcing of a
- route on an unwilling community), the record of
Highway Commission deliberations will show. But
we must express some surprise that it is occurring
now. We say this because rather recently we had
a conversation with the chairman of the commission,
Glenn Jackson, which Indicated to us that a new
approach to commission relations with communities
was developing.
"We commended Mr. Jackson for the very obvious
effort the commission was making to acquaint Ore
gonians more fully of its operations. He in turn ex
plained that he felt that the commission in the past
had suffered from poor public relations which were
almost entirely the fault of the commission. He said
he Intended to make an all-out effort to make people
understand what the commission was doing and to
make them understand that the commission wanted
very much to be guided by the opinions of all of the
citizens whom it serves.
' "In view of this we find the Jacksonville case
surprising. Perhaps Mr. Jackson will clarify it for
us. We hope so."
X7ITH such statewide comment and support,
we hope those who are battling to save the
town will take heart.
All thev ask is sufficient delay for more
study, and for consideration of alternatives.
Neither the council
be forced to change their
reasonable men, and if the volume of protests
is substantial, and the logic of the arguments
sufficient, we feel certain that a reconsideration
can be obtained.
There are too manv
decision, and the way in
for it to be allowed to stand. L.A.
Leisure-for What?
Much has been written in recent years con
cerning the increase in
it will mean to the average American.
The forecasts which
automation would indicate an eventual further
reduction in the amount of time Americans
spend at work.
RUT, in the history of
more apparent than
is the suggestion Ronald
Commonweal.
First of all he points out that, since time
immemorial up until the Industrial Revolution,
the amount of time spent working was, on the
average, tar less than it is at present. He says:
". . . We find that the Greeks of the classical
period enjoyed leisure time much beyond our own by
simply working only hard enough to cam their sus
tenance . . . Similarly, in classical Roman and In
medieval times the average man worked for hardly
more than half the days of the year: the rest were
pre-empted by religious or secular holidays. In short,
ielsure for the masses Is NOT historically unprece
dented in human experience. What we are now wit
nessing is essentially only a return to a sane and
normal human division of work and leisure time , . ."
1V40ST Americans have
1TA toward work vs.
to look upon work as a
idleness, as such, as an
But it must be remembered that adequate
amounts of leisure time are necessary for the
thought and study which
Too, it must be remembered that there are
varieties of leisure, varieties of idleness. Neither
is good nor bad of and
that makes them good
It may be true that
idle hands." But it is
must have time for rest,
for the dreaming of dreams. E.A.
city hall? Or, as Win
-1 I.
they Alih city hall.'
time for study of alterna
be less destructive.
community is spread
nor the commission can
decisions. But they are
thintrs wroner with the
which it was presented,
leisure time, and what
eye the potentialities of
the race, the change is
real. Or at least that
Gross, writing in The
an ambivalent attitude
leisure. Most of us tend
positive good, and upon
evil.
underlie all progress,
by itself. It is their use
or bad.
"the devil finds work for
equally true that man
relaxation, recreation,
Great
m petesipeiTiAU
Communications
LMr in thn EHUor must bear tha name and address of the writer.
although under certain circumstances the use of e pen name or Initial
for Dubllcatlon is Dermlssible. The Mail Tribune reserves the right tn
edit all letters with a view to clarification and condensation. Letter,
submitted for Dubllcatlon must not exceed 400 words. The letters
printed In this column do not necessarily represent the views of t!-
paper, in fact the contrary is often the case.
Air Force Aid
To the Editor: I am most
pleased for this opportunity
to express my gratitude for
the outf'.anding support you
provide the United States Air
Force recruiting program.
Through your effort the
Air Force story has been pre.
sented to the many subscrib
ers of the Medford Mail Trib
une. You may be sure that
your professional assistance
contributed a great deal to
the over-all effectiveness of
our representatives and help
ed to foster a better public
understanding of today's Aero
space Force. Your coopera
tion and assistance have been
most commendable.
On behalf of the members
of my command, I extend my
grateful thanks and apprecia
tion. Robert F. Layton,
Colonel, USAF,
Commander,
HQ, 3508th USAF,
Recr. Gp. (ATC),
Mather Air Force Base,
Calif.
What Else?
To the Editor: We live near
South Peach St., where the
lady was charged $50 for try
ing to protect her property.
("Poison Food Charge Brings
$50 Fine"). I do not personal
ly know her but she hHs my
sympathy. I would like peo
ple to know just what the sit
uation is around here. Dogs
run in large herds, tramping
down flowers, tipping over
garbage cans every night and
initiating every bush and
shrub on the place.
So far we have tied down
our garbage can lid, built a
fence all around the place
leaving just the driveway
open, and placed boxes over
our bushes. Now most of our
shrubs are nursery grown and
were bought at no small price.
The dogs have ruined quite a
few of them. We figure it has
cost us close to $200 counting
the fence we would not other
wise have built, just because
people will not keep their
dogs home. Why should every
one else suffer just because
the people who own dogs are
too lazy to build f'.'itces to
keep the in?
I do not hate dogs, but if I
should get one, I would keep
it in his own yard. I have
done that before and it works
out rather nicely, as it tends
to make your neighbors ap
predate you a little better
So, short of poison, just what
in the world else enn we do?
Mrs. D. L. Swank,
1015 Agate St.,
Medford.
The Verities of Life
To the Editor: Most of us
who contemplate the advent
of visitors from oilier spheres
of life as possible and actual
usually react in one of three
ways; we are either terrified.
amused or confused.
If we really want to con,
slder ourselves open-minded
(and who dors not?) why not
explore every avenue of in
vestigatlon available to us In
our search for truth? Since
our planet and its occupants
are nearlng a "place in time
where only truth will be able
to survive, It would pay us to
be as well informed as pos.
sible concerning the verities
of life.
We arc each conditioned by
our own particular set of con.
cepts and accumulated sense
data, or things we have ac
cepted because our senses
have reported them as being
true. Our senses are extreme
ly unreliable; the eyes bear
(alse witness, and the ears
deceive. That is why Jesus
warned us not to judge by ap
pearances.
The way we react to any
new idea or theory depends
upon our point of perception,
Mfcutuhu Mail imauwL, Mtwonu, ontouH
Debate
There is no doubt in the minds
of many that space craft are
in our skies and that we are
being observed by our Elder
Brothers from more advanced
worlds than our own. Those
of us who are able through
inner perception to discern
the "signs in the heavens" are
fully aware that such is the
case.
Theirs is a mission of mer
cy, and is two-fold: (1) to bring
greater enlightenment to all
on Earth who are ready to re
ceive it, thus preparing us for
the wonderful way of life that
we will know in the Golden
Age into which we are so
rapidly advancing, and (2) as
was suggested in a recent
letter, to save us from our
selves. If Earth were suddenly
to disintegrate, the effects
would undoubtedly be felt
throughout our entire Solar
system, if not elsewhere in the
Universe. They know "what
fools we mortals be." Would it
be sensible to suppose that the
inhabitants of other worlds
would idly sit back and let
this happen, when so much is
at stake?
There is much recorded evi
dence of interplanetary travel
throughout the ages. In fact,
many instances of it are con
tained in our Holy Bible.
Louise Wopschall
Route 1, Box 408
Eagle Point, Ore.
Coop Apartments
To the Editor: With your
kind permission, I'd like you
to include this letter in your
letters from the people as a
sort of a reply to a letter in
Monday s paper, about retire
ment apartments for us old
folks in the modest income
bracket.
My idea, from what I have
read, would be a cooperative
set up, with small apartments
and a small patio, where we
could have some flowers, and
a small garden to attend too.
I don t mean so luxurious it
would run into 25 or 50 thous
and dollars. That would let us
out, and I do mean way out.
These apartments are being
built in other parts of the
country. Why not here
Medford, or Ashland? Unless
perhaps, as it seems to me,
they want the wealthy people.
and I hope I'm wrong. Thank
you for listening.
Mrs. Fern Andrus,
391 South Mountain ave.,
Ashland, Ore.
Needed Project
To the Editor: Was glad to
read the suggestion of E.M.C
this week in regard to the
building of small homes for us
elderly people, widows, win-
owers, and, yes, at a more
reasonable rental rate. This
has been discussed among the
Senior Citizens Clubs to some
extent. But nothing has been
accomplished so far.
I feel like something should
be done soon, as we people
are getting some social so
cttrity, also some getting pen,
sions. True, some would pre
fer the small cottage type
place, and it should be "close
in, as many elderly people
are not considered as saic
drivers as some, and Uicre
should also be some place for
recreational activity near
these homes or apartments.
So I for one, am sure there
are many others in my cate
gory that would like to sec
some of you builders get busy
on a project of this kind. It's
being done In oilier places,
but we like Medford, and want
to live here.
Some places furnish the re
frigerator and a range in the
apartments and the tenant
may use his own other furnish'
ings as he wishes. Yes, the old
armory grounds might be used
tor such a place. Nothing too
fancy, just comfortable and
livable, as many of us only
have around $100 per month
as Income, some even less.
Dominican
But Duvalier and His Problems Remain
By PHIL NEWSOM
UPI Foreign News Analyst
Haiti's dictator -President
Francois Duvalier was a little
like the weather this week -
everyone was
talking about
him but there
seemed little
that any one
could do about
him. After
two weeks of
crisis, the
threat of war
)m on the little
island of His-
paniola, shared by Haiti and
the Dominican Republic,
seemed to be receding.
Interestingly, the very dem
ocratic forces which Duvalier
effectively had destroyed
among Haiti's 4.2 million
wretched people, were among
those helping him to remain
in office.
One of these was the peace
team dispatched by the Or
ganization of American States
to Port au Prince and to San
to Domingo to attempt to me
diate the quarrel which had
led Dominican President Juan
Bosch to threaten to send his
troops plunging across the Hai
tian border.
The other was the United
Nations to which Duvalier had
appealed on the charge that
the Dominican Republic
threatened Haiti's "democrat
ic institutions."
Among African nations
there was a sentiment that Du-
Strictly
Personal
By Sydney J. Harris
lc Field Enterprises. Inc.
PERSONAL PREJUDICES
The trouble with the con
servative approach to society
is that it wants to deal with
men as they USED to be, and
the trouble with the liberal
approach is that it wants to
deal with men as they OUGHT
to be; thus, men as they ARE
tend to be ignored by doc
trinaires of both factions.
It is easier to make his
tory than to write it: the
lunatic who killed Lincoln
made it, but no single his
torian has yet succeded in
giving us the definite por
trait of the Civil War and
its aftermath, despite thou
sands of books on tha sub
ject in the last century.
The author who sits down
to write a certain book or
play, and knows exactly what
he intends to say in it, and
keeps unswervingly to this
original purpose - such a man
cannot write a genuinely im
aginative or creative work, for
unless the creation takes over
and guides the author to a
purpose and in a direction he
did not conceive in the begin
ning, his work will be still
born. When a person says with
great finality, "I know my
own mind," what he com
monly means is that his
feelings have ordered his
mind to stop thinking on the
subject.
Why the country life is
called "the simple life" has
always baffled me-in terms of
the diverse number of things
one needs to know, and the
multifarious activities one
needs to engage in, the coun
try life is the most complex
of all; but its very complexity
provides a personal satisfac
tion not found in the automa
tism of urban living.
A certain amount of jeal
ousy is natural and reasona
ble! but the unreasonably
jealous man, far from valu
ing his wife or sweetheart,
is really depreciating her,
for his jealousy is based on
the hidden assumption that
she will easily capitulate to
anyone attractive who
comet along, that she is
cheap, easy and fickle.
Clarity is the enemy of
prophecy; if you are going to
set up shop as a prophet, you
must assiduously cultivate an
obscure style of expression,
like the ancient oracles, whose
prophecies could be interpret
ed in either of two contrasting
ways, depending on the course
of events.
The most succinct and ef
fective critique of revolu
tionary movements was
written by Joseph Conrad
long before the Russian ex
periment verified his obser
vations: "A violent revolu
tion falls into the hands of
narrow-minded fanatics and
of tyrannical hypocrites at
first. Afterwards comes the
turn of all the pretentious
intellectual failures of the
time. Such are the chiefs
and leaders. The scrupulous
and the just, the noble, hu
mane and devoted natures,
may begin a movement-but
it passes from them , . . they
are its victims."
Let's hear from some one else
on this matter. Also, you
house builders, what do you
say? This is a needed project.
(Name on file)
Medford
- Haitian War Threat Recedes,
valier's UN charges siiould be
debated.
But both OAS and the pos
sible UN action simply con
sisted of delaying tactics.
For. while Bosch agreed to
hold off military action pend
ing OAS findings and Haiti
agreed to release "little by
little" an estimated 100 ref
ugees in asylum In foreign
embassies, the underlying
causes for violence remained
within Haiti itself.
From his presidential pal
ace Duvalier shouted defiant-
In the Day's News
By FRANK JENKINS
The hot spot in the news -
apart, of course, from politics,
scandal and similar stand-bys
of the news picture - is the
big Caribbean island of His-
paniola, whose eastern two-
thirds is the Dominican Re
public, and whose western
third is the Negro republic of
Haiti.
As this is written, President
Juan Bosch is preparing open
ly for a possible invasion of
Haiti to topple the regime of
Haiti's autocratic president
Francois Duvalier.
Duvalier vows this morn
ing he will NEVER step down
under pressure. He tells his
people: "I am a revolutionary
in every sense . . . not a senti
mental type, but one- of the
hard kind. I have for my com
panion MY RIFLE."
I T C NAVAL units are stand
J 3 ing off HaitL About 220
American women and chil
dren have been ordered to be
ready to leave at once, and
all other Americans are being
encouraged to leave the coun
try. ACROSS the Windward Pas
sage from the Island of
Hispaniola is the big island of
Cuba, which is in BAD trou
ble. There is considerable un
rest all over the West Indies
-with the notable exception of
Puerto Rico and the Virgin
Islands.
They are American terri
tory. Puerto Rico is a free com
monwealth associated with
the United States. The Virgin
Islands are a territory of the
U.S., and their people have
been U.S. citizens since 1927.
THAT brings up some inter
esting history.
The purchase of Alaska
from Russia was the begin
ning of a general but prema
ture expansion movement that
followed our War between the
States. Secretary of War Sew
ard, who had handled the
Alaska purchase, declared he
wanted to see the Union ex
tended "from the Pole to the
Tropics."
There were some negotia
tions with Denmark for the
purchase of the West Indian
island of St. Thomas for $7.5
million, but the senate turned
it down.
AN EFFORT was then made
by President Grant to
bring about the annexation of
the Dominican Republic. In
May of 1869, he sent one of his
private secretaries. General
Babcock, in a warship to in
quire into the condition and
resources of the island. Bab
cock, acting without instruc
tions, concluded a treaty with
a Dominican named Bacz who
headed what government
there was there, for the an
nexation of the island with
the U.S. to assume the Do
minican debt of $1.5 million
The senate turned down the
treaty, partly because it
doubled the authority of Baez
to make a treaty and also be
cause the Negro republic was
then, as now, a hot-bed of
revolution.
That more or less ended the
expansion movement into the
Caribbean area.
IT MIGHT be Interesting here
to sketch briefly our ac
quisition of Alaska.
We had always more or less
had an eye on Alaska and as
far back as the Polk adminis
tration we had offered five
million dollars for it, but
nothing came of the deal. Lat
er Russia (under the czar) de
cided to sell it to us if he could
get a fair price.
In February of 1867, the
czar's minister at Washington
offered it to us for $10 mil
lion. Secretary of State Sew
ard came back with an offer
of $5 million, which he later
upped to $7.2 million.
t BOUT a month later, while
" Secretary Seward was en
joying a game of whist at his
home, Russia's Baron Stoeckcl
called (in person, there were
no phones then) to tell him
cable dispatch announcing the
czar's acceptance had been re
ceived, and suggested that the
treaty be signed the next day
Seward replied: "Why wait
till tomorrow, sir? Let's make
the treaty tonight."
So they called in the neces
sary clerk:, and by 4 a.m. the
treaty was all drawn up and
ready to be submitted to the
Senate.
They worked fast back in
those days.
ly that he had been given pow
er and that "God is the only
one who will take it from
me."
But forces had been set in
motion that would be difficult
to stop.
The U. S. long since naa
indicated its distaste for Du
valier and in proof of the ex
pectation of further violence
began removing its citizens
from Haiti.
Even if he desisted from di
rect military action, Bosch
himself could be expected to
continue to work for Duva
tier's downfall with the strong
moral support of such as Pres
ident Romulo Betancourt of
Venezuela and Gov. Luis Mu
noz Marin of Puerto Rico.
In fact in the whole of the
Caribbean area, Duvalier
Matter of Fact
c) New York Herald
THE CHANGE OF
COMMAND '.
Washington There is more
than one hidden meaning in
the recently announced de
cisions concerning the Joint
Chiefs of Staff.
To begin with, the reten
tion of Gen.
Curtis LeMay
as Chief of
Air Staff for
one more year
means, in part,
that Secretary
of Defense
Robert McNa
mara has been
learning about
politics the
Aitnp
hard way. McNamara warmly
admires LeMay as the last
truly great, battle-tested fight
ing leader on active service,
but their day-to-day working
relations have been extremely
difficult-to put it very mildly
indeed.
A year ago, even six months
ago, the Defense Secretary
would certainly have sought
a replacement for LeMay in
stead of extending his term.
But the LeMay record that
McNamara so much admires
is also admired in Congress
and the country. And recent
harsh lessons have taught Mc
Namara to be more defferen
tial to Congressional and pub
lic opinion.
THEN too, the scars oft the
TFX affair are discernible
in the parallel decision to re
place Adm. George W. An
derson with Adm. David L.
McDonald. The Navy's resist
ance to the simple idea of a
common fighter-aircraft de
sign for both Air Force and
Navy was broken only by the
removal of two leading Ad
mirals from the Navy staff.
The retiring Chief of Naval
OpeVations is also held guilty
of having talked one way
about the TFX in the Penta
gon and quite another way be
fore Sen. McClellan s special
investigating committee.
Yet these facts bearing on
the retention of LeMay and
the retirement of Anderson
are only superficial and tem
porary in their significance,
compared to the really cen
tral fact behind these two de
cisions. The really central fact is
that the Navy's turn has
come at last. The Navy has
always been the most resist
ant to change and the most
impervious to civilian control
of the three armed services
In his gigantic task of reform
ing and modernizing the
whole apparatus of national
defense, Secretary McNa
mara began with the Army
and Air Force. Now, how
ever, the much more difficult
job of fitting the Navy into
the unified design is finally
being tackled.
'PHE main reason for not re-
appointing Adm. Ander
son, one may be quite confl
dent, was the certainty that
he would fight to the death
against any attempts to fit
the Navy into a unified de
fense design. He has been
USiiMfts, S, funs. ta
n
"You mean to tell me, with all the foreign aid we've
spent down here, the average housewife can't afford
an automatic ieuiili-maktr?"
could look for help to no one.
Duvalier s own claim to a
second term clearly was fraud
ulent, both by the terms on
which he claimed it and by
the Haitian constitution.
The policy of non-interven-tlon
bound both the United
States and the OAS, but the
spotlight of events had been
placed on Haiti and now tha
OAS might consider condi
tions inside Haiti itself a
threat to hemispheric peace.
Inside Haiti, Duvalier's en
emies are legion and active.
Even his own private 10,000
"bogeyman" militia could not
be wholly trusted.
When it comes, it seems
the end of Duvalier must be
violent. The tragedy is for
the added sufferings it must
bring to the people of Haiti,
By Joseph Alsop
Tribune Syndicate
outspokenly Impatient of all
civilian judgments of military
matters, including the judg
ments of the President and the
Secretary of Defense.
He was even critical when
Secretary McNamara kept a
night-and-day watch on the
Cuban blockade, to make
sure that the Navy heeded the
careful nuances 'of the Presi
dent's policy in the hair-rais-
ingly dangerous days before
Khrushchev gave in.
Thus Anderson was drop
ped, because he was so sura
to resist any changes in naval
plans and programs which,
may later be decided upon,
while LeMay was retained, in
part because of Congressional
feelings, but also because the
Air Force has already had its
turn. It must be added that
the naval changes that are
likely to be decided upon can
not yet be defined, precisely
because the Navy's turn has
just begun.
VVfHAT is now happening is
a kind of exploratory dia
logue, designed to lay out all
the facts in an orderly man
ner. The participants are the
Navy's planners and a De
partment of Defense group
headed by one of the ablest
McNamara staff members,
Alain Enthoven.
Questions are being asked
that have never really been
asked with authority before,
about the value of the exist
ing, large, immensely costly
force of attack carriers, about
the validity of me Navy staff's
conviction that we must have
a four-ocean Navy, about the
balance between attack car
riers, anti-submarine forces,
and Polaris submarines, in
short about the eventual size
and composition of the Navy.
Some fairly unexpected
facts have already emerged,
such as the fact, until recent
ly not divulged to the Secre
tary of Defense, that each of
our attack carriers at sea is
subject to pinpoint spotting
from the Soviet Union by long
range radio directional ap
paratus. rr IS not clear yet when the
final results of the Penta
gon dialogue will be. It was
precisely because no decisive
result has been reached, in
fact, that Secretary McNa
mara on Sunday deferred a
final answer to the Navy's
request to go over to nuclear
power plants for all its larger
ships.
Yet the dialogue's drift
suggests eventual changes
both in the composition and
the size of the Navy. In par
ticular, both the four-ocean
concept and the present lion's
share of investment in attack
carriers appear to be in dan
ger. If Secretary McNamara de-.
cides such changes are in or
der, he will go forward,
damning the torpedoes. But
even with a new Chief of
Naval Operations, he can
count on great numbers of
torpedoes.
n