fj TUESDAY. APRIL 23, 11M
rend To Meat Type Animal,
Siskiyou Farm Agent Says
MbUr'OHD MAIL 1HIBUNL, MfcDFOHD. OHLGON
It'i important for the cat
tlemen to know more about
the tad product and to know
that he la producing for the
consumer and not for his own
likes and dislikes, Siskiyou
County Farm Advisor Sedg
Nelson told Thursday night's
meeting of the Jackson Coun
ty Stockmen's association.
The trend is toward meat
type beef production with
more red meat, he noted. The
USDA dual grading is a sug
geited method of evaluating
the meat-type carcass and has
been on trial since July. Such
organizations as the Califor
nia Cattlemen s association,
the National Feedlot associa
tion and packer! are request
ing Its discontinuance, he (aid
Expreaa Opinion
"If stockmen don't want
this system they should ex
preaa their opinion," Nelson
said. "The producer, feeder,
packer, retailer and consumer
etch has his own idea. All
tegmenta mutt get together to
their goals mutt be feasible,
economical and workable."
Nelson said he criticizes
both methods, Cutabllity at a
basis of the dual grading pro
gram la a good tool. It can
be used In the breeding pro
gram although It poses a long
term problem.
But, It alto createt prob
lem end confusion in fitting
the dutl economlci of the
program to buying and telling
cattle. The new program
would mean the producer
cattleman and feeder would
bear mott of the financial
burden. The cattle would have
to be told on consignment and
the price determined when
the carcase hangi in the cool
er. Marbling would control the
grade and cutabllity which de
termine the yield icore. Thii
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would not be under breeder
control. Such factors could
not be determined in the live
animal.
The consumer, packer,
butcher and retailer each has
different ideas on the ideal
type of beef animal. To make
a grading program workable
they muit unify their Ideas
Trend to Meet Type
The trend to the meat type
of beef animal is good, but
other important factors for
Judging cattle are size for
age, milk ability of the fe
males, high weaning rates,
high feed conversion gain on
grass and feed lot,
Marbling still is the key to
both grading systems, Nelson
pointed out.
Under the present system
80 per cent of the carcass
grade is determined by mar
bling along with tenderness,
flavor and juiciness. Present
grading is also based on whe
ther the meat texture is coarse
or velvety and what the age
of the carcass is. Color also
figures In, whether it is dark
or bright red.
Whether the meat Is watery
or firm is also a point.
Flavor It not entirely de
pendent on marbling, the Sis
kiyou county farm advisor
said. The red meat, itself, in
fluences flavoring. Juiciness
Is not dependent on flavor,
Nelson said.
The fat cover may be l'i
or three-tenths Inches thick,
but makes no difference on
the grade. The fat cover is
only influential In the show
ring.
The agreement between
Judging of live grade and car
cass grade is only 30 per cent
with such good judges aa Jack-
ton County Extension Agent
Earle Jotsy, Nelson pointed
out. The fact a steer is fat
on the outside does not mean
it is fat on the Inside, he add
ed.
Dual Factors
Under the dual system two
main factors are important:
quality and cutabllity. Quali
ty is prime, choice, good and
standard.
Cutabllity has four differ
ent factors and a yield score
of one to six. The area of the
rib eye Is measured by a spe
cial grid put over the rib eye
to indicate the number of
square inches of rib eye. The
fat covering Is measured two
thirds of the way up from the
bone. This includes the per
centage of kidney fat. Three
per cent of the normal car
cass weight is considered also.
"The crux of the matter Is
that conformation is not con
sidered under dual grading,"
the farm advisor said. "Since
conformation is not consider
ed the dairy and 'Okie' type
of cattle often go into choice
grade."
"Under the dual system you
can have a difference of $75
for two carcasses in the same
grade," Nelson said. "There
are six different yield scores
and four differene grades
which result In 24 grades on
a carcass.
Chit Chat
By JOE COWLEY
Mail Tribune Farm Editor
Bang's Wipe-Out
Said Possible
At Stock Meeting
, Keep a bag of coarse salt in
the car during winter months. ;
I Salt spread in the path of rear
I wheels produces traction and
J also bores through the ice to j
the pavement so that tires can
grip a roughened surface.
Farm & Garden
McMlnnville-Eradication of
Mechanical devices miy h:p pruning and thinning of P"" m.yn
pears, but the experts predict mechanical harvesting equip-1 cf"'e ncras Potsibilty it
ment Is quite far off, even past 1968. I a" owners w'u vaccinate
their calves and will get a
According to a report from the University of California "ul" b "ri' ripor-.h-
mlnnini i n.iai i of AtTt-irnitiirai mnnmi "on of tne breeding herd.
"It appears that mechanical harvesting of pears will require
considerably more research work on equipment and shap
ing of tree. Mechanical harvesting of pears will not become
a general practice If processors as a group do not give
their approval and support."
"Developing mechanical means for harvesting pears is
more difficult than developing new methods for cultural
operations. Pears do not mature uniformly within a given
orchard and even a single tree. Two pickings of the orchard
is common practice. In some years and some orchards, grow
ers obtain satisfactory results with one picking. In other
years, many orchards are gone over three times to obtain a
uniform quality of fruit for both processing plants and
fresh shipments," the report explained further.
So far, mechanical shakers and catching frames arc
the latest means of mechanical harvesting of fruit. However,
Injury to fruit from this equipment would be damaging for
the fresh market and the cannery market where pear halves
are used. It would work for fruit cocktail, nectar or sliced
"I can't see any effect of I fruit markets, however
dual grading on the consum
some growers nere reterrea to in tne report as eariy
adopters" are already using self-propelled mechanical hoists
er, Nelson said. They will
still have to trim the fat off
at the retail butcher's. I have
questioned some big chain
store buyers. They don't par
ticularly want it."
Weed Control fact
Now in Sheet Form
Corvallis - Descriptions of
and control measures for 24
Oregon weeds are contained
In a new series of fact sheets
Just published by Oregon
State University Cooperative
Extension Service.
Fact sheets are now avail
able for bull thistle, bur cher
vil, catchweed, cattails, cheat
grass, cocklebur, corn cockle,
cow cockle, dodder, henbit,
horseweed, knotweed, little
bur, matchweed, narrow
leaved milkweed, purple fil
are, purple mustard, scouring
rush, shoestring weed, snowy
milkweed, S t . Johnswort,
wild oats, and yellow star
thistle.
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Form Store, 10th and Fir Sts.
to get primers and thinners up into the trees. But, as mem
tloned earlier, this type of hoist is so far not very economical
for harvesting pears. At least, not with a field lug operation
The Ideal operation would be a lype of conveyor belt to
carry the pears down into a bin. Otherwise, it requires a
man on the ground just to move the boxes
The report also points out that pruning innovations prob
ably will not greatly reduce the number of workers prun
ing. However, it will reduce the manhours per acre and
will cut the length of pruning season. Reducing the num
ber of workers pruning is an asset since often weather nar
rows the pruning season so every grower wants his or
chard pruned the same time. There are just so many people
to go around.
In California they estimate it takes 100 to 150 man
hours per acre for pruning and picking requires 125 to
130 man-hours.
Lake county Calif, estimates it takes a total of 54.5
man-hours of full-time help and 179.5 man-hours per acre
of seasonal labor for production and harvest. They figure
there It takes a total of 110 man-hours of harvest labor.
Peak harvest labor requirements there apparently are
in August when it requires 10 hours of regular labor and
70 for seasonal labor. In September this tapers off to five
hours of full time or regular labor and 25 hours of seasonal
labor.
Per acre harvest supervision runs from seven hours in
August to two hours in September. In other words, the
ratio of supervision to total harvest labor per acre drops
slightly as the peak harvest operation is past seven hours
to 70 hours in August, to two hours for 25 hours in September.
Orchard heating requires nine hours per acre in Lake
county. Less than half of this labor is performed by full
time men. As in pruning and harvesting the orchardist has
to depend on seasonal labor.
These statistics bring to mind a question we have often
puzzled over. Why don't local school officials make allow
ance for the harvest and orchard heating seasons? Why
couldn't the schools open later so more students husky
enough to man ladders and picking buckets can pick? High
school students are particularly needed during the heating
season, but apparently, from reports we receive, no allow
ance is made in classrooms for youngsters sleepy-headed
from heating all night. Why not when the fruit industry
is vital to the local economy -a $4,759,534 product per year?
Complete support of these
steps will cut a tremendous
cost that still amounts to at
least $200,000 annually in
state and federal monies.
This is what J. W. South
worth, assistant director of the
slate department of agricul
ture in charge of livestock
industries, told the Western
Oregon Livestock association
at its annual meeting in
McMin'.vilIe recently.
Out! ok Good
On another subject, he de
clared the economic outlook
of the livestock industtry here
is "better or at least as good"
as last year. He said cattle are
holding at a relatively high
price level in the face of high
imports, which actually are
proving a stabilizing influ
ence. He foresees no dramatic
drop in cattle prices, "since
before this would occur im
ports would decrease with
prices, thereby reducing the
amount of beef on the mar
ket." He also pointed out that the
total economy is very strong,
indicating continued high con
sumption of beef. Sheep and
hogs, too, continue to be in
appreciably better position
than last year. Poultry, al
though showing some im
provement, is still not as good
as desirable, he said.
Turning to the cost of pro
duction, Southworth declar
ed the Pacific Northwest con
tinues to be plagued with the
feed grain problem which
hampers development of the
livestock feeding industry.
"This is partially a political
problem in that feed grains
are priced largely by govern
m e nt edict", he declared.
Organized action, he added.
by livestock producers and
feeders will be required to
bring about any solution satis
factory to the Pacific North
west industry.
Control
Pear Psylla
with'
EC '
Any shortage of salt, even
for a short period of time,
will reduce the efficiency of
weight gains in beef cattle.
Perthane is an insecticide of particu
larly low mammalian toxicity now avail
able for use against pear psylla. It may
be applied during pre-bloom or very
early post-bloom periods to control
immature or adult stages of this insect.
PEBTHANE EC is recommended at 1 to 2
quarts per 100 gallons for standard
dilution sprays or the equivalent in con
centrate sprays. For best results use
8 to 16 lb. of active ingredient per acre.
Apply in full coverage sprays.
Perthane is safe for operators and safa
on foliage when used as recommended
and compatible with the commonly used
orchard pesticides. See your dealer for
more information on how to usa
Perthane EC for effective, economical
and safe control of pear psylla.
ROHM
I L A D I L P t
I A S . P A .
A wind machine, other than the human kind found in
the county courthouse, is being tried for harvesting grape
fruit. A power drill has been designed for picking blue
berries. An elcctronclally controlled asparagus cutter is
working experimentally on that vegetable.
Of course, the motivating force behind this new equip
ment Is the constant threat of harvest labor scarcity. Per
haps development of an economical and efficient pear
harvester is not so far behind.
Growers are concerned over the law which allows thou
sands of Mexican braceros into the U. S. each harvest season
for comparatively low cost labor. Most fruit and vegetable
growers expect the law which expires Dec. 31, to be ex
tended. But they fear it la likely to be killed eventually,
or amended to make such labor more costly.
California Governor Pat Brown's proclamation recently
that he wants the bracero authorizing law ."phased out"
hasn't helped any, either. Brown represents a new politically
powerful state which is also the leading agricultural state
in value of gross farm product. National Democratic figures
who are hoping for some support from him may lend too
willing an car to such aasininc brayings.
But, enough on politics. The vegetable crop is being
more rapidly mechanized than many people think. Libby,
McNeill and Libby estimates that 75 per cent of the peas
It cans and freezes will be harvested by machine this year
compared to less than 10 per cent five years ago.
Fruit Tree Count Now Under Way
Questionnaires as part of a Cordy noted that many
state wide fruit tree survey i young trees have been plant
are now being mailed out to ed in the Willamette valley
Jackson county orchardists. , and in Jackson county. Lasi
according to County Horticul- fall's wind damage affected I
tural Agent Clifford B. Lordy. ! many Willamette valley fruit
Growers are urged to fill : trees. Because of these fac
out lite questionnaires as tors the 1959 USDA agricul
promptly as they can and tural census on fruit trees is
return to the extension serv-jno longer valid, he pointed
ice. These will be sent to ' out.
Oregon Stale university inl The Jackson County Fruit
Corvallis for tabulation so Growers League is co-sponsor-there
can be a break down of ! ing the local fruit tree sur
all fruit trees in the state ac- vey. The survey follows a res
cording to numbers in coun- olution passed last Novem
ties and by varieties. Cordy ber by the Oregon State Hor
explalned. ticultural Society.
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