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g THURSDAY. MARCH 28, 1963 . . j wcurunu wail iniounL.. MLUtOHJJ, OHfcGON
lilienthal Protests Use of Funds and Brains for Atomic Power
By JOSEPH L. MYLER
United Prosi International
Washington lUPD Back in
1945 a glamorous newcomer
known as "the peaceful atom"
was promising to transform
the world.
Today's youngsters may
find this hard to believe, but
18 years ago atomic energy
was every bit as enthralling
as space exploration is now,
All that power in such small
packages! It was Arabian
nights magic made, real by
20th Century science.
In many a 1945 imagination,
atomic energy already was
performing prodigies-making
the deserts bloom, for one
thing, driving supersonic air
planes around the world, for
another, and generally revo
lutionizing everybody's way
of life.
But this is 1963. What hap
pened to this 1945 dream of a
new world of atomic plenty?
It has "proved long since
' unattainable." It has turned
Into a "will-o'-the-wisp." The
amazing changes forecast 18
years ago "just aren't in the
cards." In short:
"The glamor, the excite
ment, of the boundless possi
bilities of power from the
peaceful atom is gone."
Who says all this? A man
who once believed as strongly
as anybody in the promise of
the peaceful atom, a man
named David E. Lilienthal.
Lilienthal was the first
chairman of the Atomic Ener
gy commission, the civilian
agency created by congress
after World War II to be cus
todian and developer of both
the military and the peaceful
atom. '
Recently, in a series of lec
tures at Princeton university,
Lilienthal recalled the mood
of congressmen, scientists and
Industrialists which resulted
in creation of , the,i AECV
"armed with billions of dol
lars and the broadest of , pow
ers." ;
This, he said, was "a radical
step." It led to a "prodigious
scale of effort, unheard of ex
penditures of public money,
fantastic absorption of a large
portion of the scientific and
technical and industrial re
sources." . ,
Creation of the AEC, In the
light bf what men believed in
1945, was a good thing, Lil
ienthal said. The commission
under five chairmen has done
a fine job. Atomic power has
proved feasible. The atom has
given the nation the arms it
had to have. Some day surely
it will play an important role
in space exploration.
Peaceful Atom?
But what about that 1945
vision of: the peaceful atom
and a new world? ;
"Today," Lilienthal . said,
"No one expects or even pre
dicts that some magic of tech
nology will be found whereby
electricity; from the atom can
be produced so cheaply and
abundantly as to cause pro
found changes in our present
way of life."
From .the beginning, con
gress has appropriated nearly
$30 billion for the atomic proj
ect. Most of this has gone to
develop the military atom.
The peaceful atom, probably,
has claimed no more than $4.5
billion of the total.
But what concerns Llllcn
thai is that, despite the dnshed
early hopes, atomic power is
still being "force fed" by the
the government. lis cost is
far greater than anticipated.
Costs of coal produced elec
tricity, on the other hand,
have gone down. And coal
reserves are tremendous.
Nevertheless, the effort of
the AEC to push atomic power
"continues unabated," Lilies
thai said. He estimated that a
proposed new AEC power
Kennedy Bows To
Unlucky No. 17
Washington -(OFU- President
Kennedy apparently has had
to bow to the superstition of
the Italian people.
Partly because many Itul
ians look upon the number 17
as being just as unlucky us
some Americans regard the
number 13, the President is
rescheduling his state visit to
Rome.
Ihe visit originally was
planned to start June 17. Of fi
cials said that it would be
postponed for two or three
days.
While officials admitted the
postponement, none was will
ing to be quoted by name as
to the reason. But several said
privately one reason was the
Italian belief that It Is bad
luck to begin anything on the
17th day of a month.
Small Boy Unafraid,
Father Is Engineer
Woburn. Mara. -iUPI' Boa -ing
a railroad train, the Rev.
II. John Mu hie, Bnptist
minister, noted a small boy
sitting alone.
Taking a nearby scat, the
minster asked:
"Aren't, you afraid, travel
ing alone like this?"
"Oh, no," replied the boy,
"my father is driving."
program will "cost $2 billion
over a decade."
The AEC concedes that
atomic power has not turnec.
out to be cheap and easy to
come by. Postwar optimism
degenerated into what a few
years back looked like de
spondency on the part of
atomic industry. But recently
a note of optimism has re
turned. Atomic power, the AEC
says, "Is on the threshold" of
becoming competitive with
other kinds. And in the long
run this new source of energy
will be needed to supplement
coal, oil and water power. By
2,000 A.D., the AEC predicts,
half of this country's electri
cal power will be generated
by the atom.
The current AEC chairman,
Dr. Glenn T. Seaborg, told
congress recently that atomic
power "has gone critical."
Nuclear "furnaces" are said
to have "gone critical" when
the splitting atoms in their
fuel achieve a self-sustaining
reaction. '
What Seaborg meant was
that the moment is at hand
when industry itself Is about
ready, on strictly economic
grounds, to sustain nuclear
power projects from which, in
competition with coal, it hopes
to reap a profit.
Expense Cited
This is fine. But to Lilien
thal it means merely that the
atom, which he sees as just
another source of energy, is
on the verge of being "just as
good" as what "we had be
fore." It does not, in his mind,
justify continuing huge ex
penditures by the Federal gov
ernment. Te said:"
"Energy from, the atom is
not now needed for civilian
purposes.
"At the time and place
where it is needed it will be
forthcoming without govern
ment prodding. If there is a
real. need it will be met by the
uitlity and manufacturing in
dustries, as it was with the
automobile, the diesel engine,
the telephone ... in response
to proved economic need.
"There is now no urgent
fuels or power crisis and no
prospect of one in the foresee
able future; when such a
shortage looms, it will be
taken care of by the atom if
that is then the best alterna
The Kennedy . administra
tion itself has indicated con
cern with the emphasis, in the
Federal budget, on atomic
power. Dr. Jerome B. Wies
ner, the President's adviser on
science and technology, re
ported recently that a study
is now being made of energy
resources "to arrive at a judg
ment as to the most effective
allocation of our research and
development efforts."
Absorbs Minds
Lilienthal said atomic ener
gy, space and defense activi
ties have absorbed two-thirds
of the "trained minds" avail
able to explore "our scientific
and technical frontiers."
"As a consequence," he said
"all the rest of America's
needs are, relatively, impov
erished, neglected, and
starved ...
"I suggest Congress consid
er the atomic energy program
as one good place to begin to
cut back sharply, to make
more brains available to some
of the presently starved civil
ian areas of science and tech
nology." Lilienthal appeared to feel
that space exploration is get
ting some of the "puffing"
that accompanied the early
buildup of atomic energy.
The space program, he said,
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