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Freezing Might Help Astronaut on Long Space Flight
By JOSEPH L. MYLER
'"""United Ptm International
Washington - (UP!) - Radio
Moscow grabbed and held the
'world's attention for a while
last month with a bogus story
t about a couple of salamanders
: ' It said were revived after
5.000 years in the Siberian
deep freeze.
'-'Scientists snickered or
snorted, according to their
- dispositions.
The same story speculated
'It- might be a good plan to
. " freeze astronauts of the fu
ture to enable them to endure
Hong space flights.
This may turn out with
time to be as farfetched as
the tale of the resuscitated
salamanders. But at the mo
ment serious scientists are
seriously discussing suspend
ed or reduced animation to
stretch out crew supplies on
space voyages lasting for
years. Perhaps the most re
spectable ideas along this line
have to do with hypothermia,
the reduction of body temper
ature below the normal 88.6
degrees.
Hypothermia is used in
some kinds of heart and kid
ney surgery and in treatment
of certain brain injuries.
Reduce Animation
Applied to space pilots, hy
pothermia would reduce but
not entirely suspend anima
tion. Air Force doctors have
estimated that a relatively
slight powering of the body
temperature to 86 degrees
would cut down activity of
the cells and organs by SO
per cent.
In the case of a hibernating
animal with a body temper
ature of 39.2 degrees, con
sumption of oxygen is re
duced to three to eight per
cent of normal. Such a reduc
tion would mean a great cut
in spaceship weight when you
consider that an astronaut
needs about 1.13 pounds of
oxygen per day.
Capts. T. K. Cockett and
Cecil C. Beehler of the Air
Force medical corps at Brooks
Air Force Base, Texas, esti
mated a space pilot in a
normal state would have to
take along a minimum of
5,000 pounds of supplies for
a roundtrip to Mars lasting
17 months.
This could include oxygen,
water, food, and material to
neutralize carbon dioxide ex
haled by the pilot. Assume a
three-man crew for the Mars
flight, and you have a require
ment for supplies weighing
five times the entire Mercury
space capsule.
Protect Astronauts
In addition to cutting down
consumption, hypot h e r m I a
also would protect astronauts
from many of the stresses of
space flight and from danger
ous radiations.
The Air Force doctors said
tolerance to radiation "may
be increased many-fold" by a
comparative small lowering
of body temperature. Hypo
thermia, however, produces
some bad side effects.
A better method of reduc
ing animation, if it were pos
sible, would be to induce in
astronauts a state similar to
that of animals in the deep
sleep of hibernation.
If a drug could be made
which would induce hiberna
tion, the doctors said, the re
sults would be "tremendous
savings" in supplies and a
great load off the mind of
rocket engineers concerned
with spaceship weight problems.
Other scientists have esti
mated that in hibernation an
astronaut's con sumption of
food and oxygen might be
only a hundredth that of an
active man.
Bats Live Longer
It appears that some hiber
nating bats live 20 times long
er than nonhibcrating animals
of the same body weight. A
few years ago Albert R.
Dawe, chief scientist of the
Chicago branch of the office
of naval research, took this
bat statistic, applied it to
space traveling man, and
came up with what he called
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I -j m j Pri"' TI"B M",.,, 17
a "dim future possibility.'" '
"In h i b e r n a tion," Dawe
said, "man's arrest ol time
might be such that he could
possibly exist for about 20
normal lifetimes, or 1,400
years."
Entirely suspended anima
tion might accomplish even
greater wonders. The story of
the frozen salamanders un
doubtedly was, as one Soviet
scientist said, "pure fantasy."
But may it not become pos
sible some day to preserve
people indefinitely in deep
freezers? There is a new
branch of science called cryo
biology. It deals with the
cooling of cells and tissues of
temperatures hundreds of de
grees below freezing.
Male Germs Revive
This has been proposed as a
means of preserving blood and
tissue cultures. Male, germ
cells have been successfully
frozen and revived by cryo
biological techniques, and so
have fertilized rabbit eggs.
The trick seems to be ex
tremely quick freezing and
similarly quick thawing. This
prevents formation of ice ,
crystals which rupture and ';
destroy tissue.
It has been found that liv
ing cells cooled to the tern- ,
pcrature of liquid nitrogen,
around 320 degrees below
zero, cease practically ' all .
activity. , . .
In a discussion of cryobiolc-
gy a while back. Dr. Joseph ...
F. Saunders of the office of
naval research did not go Into ,
its possible application to ,
space flight.
But he said it may become
feasible in the far future to
preserve living plants and anl
mals by deep freezing meth- -ods
to prevent the extinction
of a threatened species. --
"Such an a p p 1 i cation,"
Saunders said, "cannot be die- .
polled as being impossible or
fantastic. Theoretically, life
docs experience a temporary
halt at temperatures around
and below the liquid nitrogen
range." - .
a -v. i
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DRIVER KILLED A wind-fallen redwood tree across High
way 101 near Redway, Calif., caused this huge truck-trailer to
leave the road and collide with another tree headon, killing
the driver, Rudolph E. Douthlt, 56, of Guernevllle, Calif.
(UPI) '-. - . ""' ' .
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MAR. 21 t.
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REMAINS SIGHTED The U.S. Navy Icebreaker Edisto, en
gaged in oceanographlc work In the Ross Sea, sighted tn latt
February in a tabular iceberg far out at sea, the remains
nM Ket. T.ltlla Amnrlrn Tit whirh was hullt
1 Ol WIIHl a J JJC ai a tu -"v.- ........ - . -
i by Adm. Richard E. Byrd in 1940-41, top photo. In the
J . . n , . T, C-l l ftGM V. - tfJI.1.
bottom photo L.I. Lomar. a. n. otmuuc, wo,., u.
leans against one of the wooden poles found atop the huge
iceberg. The helicopter in background waits to take tie
group of Inspecting personnel back to the ship. (UPI)