MEDFORD MAIL TRIBUNE. MEDFORD. OREGON
Sinister Shadow of POQO Lengthening Over South Africa
SUNDAY. FEBRUARY 24, 1963
By NIEL SMITH
United Press International
Johannesburg - (UP" - The
sinister shadow of POQO is
lengthening over South At
rica.
A year ago the organiza
tion was known only to a
handful of African affairs ex
perts. Today most South Af
ricans are familiar with
"POQO," the strange-sound-
Jng Xhosa language word
meaning "we stand alone."
They read the headlines:
The reports of murder and
intimidation, and of eager
African recruits slipping out
of the country for training in
murder methods and sabo
tage. Then they wonder if
they must- take seriously
POQO's boast that it will
launch an Algerian-type re
bellion in South Africa in
J963.
Anti-White Underground
POQO is a fanatically
anti-while underground Af
rican organization. Its terror
ist activities have ranged
from one end of the apartheid-practicing
republic to the
ther.
There is now no roubt that
POQO instigated the Novem
ber riots at Paarl, 35 miles
from Cape Town, when two
young whites were dragged
from their homes and butch
ered by a screaming mob of
Africans. A month later
POQO men hacked a police
man to death in a violent
skirmish at Queenstown,
more than 500 miles from
Paarl. This month five more
Europeans were similarly
massacred near Engcobo,
about 100 miles from Queens
town. South Africa's commission
er of police, Lt. Gen. J. M.
Keevy at first denied, but
appeared to be connected
with the Engcobo killings.
POQO Responsible
On the day Keevy made his
original denial, the government-appointed
leader of the
Transkaei territorial author
ity, chief Kaiser Matanzima,
said he had no doubt POQO
was responsible.
Matanzima has reason to
fear POQO. As a strong sup
porter of the government pol
icy which brought him to
power and prominence, he is
a prime target for the terror-
why don't you EYEBALL
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get vigorous versatile
OCULAR experiences from
the CONFRONTATION with
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you are invited to see . . .
to take a look . . .
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to react . . .
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at Fontaine's Art Gallery
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between 1 0th and 11th.
this show closing
thursday Feb. 28th.
.
ists. One assassination at
tempt on him failed last De
cember. POQO also has been con
nected with intimidation, gas
oline bomb attacks, and an
occasional successful assassin
ation of some lesser known
African government support
er. On Feb. 7 six Africans
were sentenced to death in
Umiata for killing a pro-government
chief, Cwebindlala
Gzoboza. The six told the
court POQO threatened to
kill them unless they com
mitted the murder.
POQO's history is a short
one. It had its origin in the
banned pan-Africanist con
gress (PAC) whose campaign
against government pass
books for blacks in 1960 cul
minated in a bloody massacre
at Sharpeville.
The pan-Africanists reject
ed the methods of the more
moderate African national
congress (ANC) because the
ANC was prepared to work
for a multi-racial South Af
rica. The ANC formed part
of the interlocking network
of other "congresses" repre
senting radical elements from
all South Africa's racial
groups. The pan-Africanists
refused to work within this
framework and preferred to
go it alone under the banner
of "Africa for the Africans."
After the PAC was banned
in 1960, those leaders who
had not been scooped up in
the police net, or fled out of
the country, began to organize
On the Air
By ELEANOR WIESE
En garde! Tonight the bat
tle is joined. Once again CBS
and NBC, in the struggle for
the TV viewer's favor, have
scheduled opposite each oth
er two fine special programs.
And the V.I.P. uncomfortably
perched on the horns of a dil
emma is you.
On one hand CBS offers a
corking good variety hour
with Carol Burnett and Rob
ert Preston - both high-powered
performers.
On the other hand NBC
offers Chet Huntley with a
study of the nation's water
problems, which are becom
ing more acute each year.
My guess would be that aft
er varied amounts of wrang
ling, either vocally with the
younger generation or silent
ly with one's conscience, most
viewers will turn to the en
tertainment hour rather than
the educational one.
That's fine. Freedom of
choice is all important in a
free society. But as far as
television goes, the networks
should not force such a choice
upon the viewer. Good spe
cial programs are getting
scarcer each season as pro
duction costs inflate. There
fore we should demand that
the networks do not schedule
what few specials they do
have at the same hour, im
posing upon us a difficult
choice.
Rather, the specials should
be opposite regularly sched
uled programs. For example,
deciding to miss "Bonanza
one Sunday evening in favor
of fun with comedienne Bur-
ett or missing "Candid Cam
era ' once to become better
nformed on a national prob
lem which affects us all,
would be a relatively easy decision.
The TV audience has a
right to such consideration in
stead of being the punching
bag between two giants bat
tling for ratings.
SPORTS SPECTACULAR,
:30 p.m. Sunday KBES-TV.
The Diamond Jubilee Nation
al A.A.U. Indoo Track and
Field Championships and the
All-American Water-Ski
Championships.
TWENTIETH CENTURY, 6
p.m. Sunday kbks- v. "At
tack on Singapore" pictures
the World War II fall of
Great Britain's "unassailable
Far Eastern fortress guarding
the approaches to the Dutch
East Indies, India and Aus
tralia.
MEET THE PRESS, 6 p.m.
Sunday KMED-TV. The head
of the Organization of Amer
ican States, Ambassador Gon-
zalo J. Facio of Costa Rica,
will be interviewed.
ABOUT TIME, 6:30 p.m.
Sunday KMED-TV. A repeat
broadcast of the story oi tne
measurement of time. Dr.
Frank Baxter serves as pro
gram guide for this Bell Sys
tem Science Series.
ED SULLIVAN, 8 p.m. Sun
day KBES-TV. The Oreat
Schnozzola, Jimmy Durante,
is headlincr for this show or
iginating from Las Vegas.
THE TROUBLE WITH WA
TER IS PEOPLE, 10 p.m.
Sunday KMED-TV. In a study
of the increasing aculeness of
the nation's water problems,
the increasing demands made
upon the Colorado River re
flect what is happening
throughout the coun' j. Mis
use and overuse has render
ed too much of our water un
fit, according to narrator
Chct Huntley.
CAROL AND COMPANY,
10 p.m. Sunday KBES-TV.
Carol Burnett and Robert
Preston frolic and sing
through one of TV's brighter
hours.
VICTOR BORGE SHOW. 9
p.m. Monday KMED-TV. The
one-man carts of two world
renowned productions - Vic
tor Bonze and the French
master mime, Marcel Mar
ceau - combine their talents
In silent segment of the
show as well as performing
individually.
DICK POWELL THEATRE
9 30 p.m. Tuesday KMEDTV
Henry Fonda a..d Polly Ber
gen star In "Tissue of Hate.
the drama of a woman pris
oner whose face Is covered
ING, 10:30 p.m. Tuesday,
KMED-TV. American aid
projects in India, filmed dur
ing a recent tour of that coun
try by U.S. Ambassador John
Kenneth Galbraith.
PERRY COMO, 9 p.m.
Wednesday KMED-TV. Guest
include soprano Patrice Mun-
sel, comedian Frank Gorshin
and puppeteers Bil and Cora
Baird and their marionettes.
NAKED CITY, 10 p.m.
Wednesday KBES-TV. Akim
Tamiroff and Robert Culp
star in the story of jury on
a murder triaf which makes
the wrong decision.
PERRY MASON, 8 p.m.
Thursday KBES-TV. Guest
star Walter Pidgeon has a
scatterbrained heiress for a
client in a murder involving
blackmail and a mysterious
Swiss bank account.
PREMIERE, 10 p.m. Thurs
day KBES-TV. "Hornblower,"
based on C. S. Forester's fic
tional British naval hero, tells
the story of a British sloop
of war searching for her sister-ship,
presumed lost.
DAVID BRINKI EY'S
JOURNAL, 8 p.m. Saturday
KMED-TV. Great Britain's
$3,000,000,000 gambling
is subject of filmed report.
MOVIE, 9 p.m. Saturday
KMED-TV. "The Roots of
Heaven," with Errol Flynn,
Orson Welles and Eddie Al
bert, deals with African ele
phant ivory hunters. John
Huston directed the mov!?,
filmed In French Equatorial
Africa.
quietly. They started oper
ations in the black shanty
towns outside Cape Town and
among the green hills of Zulu
land at the other side of the
country.
Collaborate With No One
The organizers chose the
name "POQO" to show they
were prepared to collaborate
with no outsiders, not even
the Communists who are al
ways willing to assist African
nationalist movements.
"We are as much against
the Communists as the south
African government," an Af
rican who claimed to be a
POQO sympathizer said.
"They try to infiltrate all
organizations to further their
own interests. We in POQO
are interested only in pan-Africanism.
We have no time
for foreign ideologies such
as Communism."
He added: "Poqo is now a
national organization. It is
ruthless and well organized
and commands loyalty from
thousands of supporters who
will carry out its orders or
face death themselves. Its
message is not prepared to
compromise, so violence is
the only answer.
Headquarters Are Outside
Informed sources say poqo
has its headquarters outside
South Africa, in the little
British colony of Basutoland.
Basutoland has more than
400 miles of unpatrolled fron
tier with South Africa and It
is easy for Africans to slip
down through the mountain
passes or across shallow
streams into the republic.
This is one of the main rea
sons the South African gov
ernment ringed Basutoland,
and other British territories
adjoining the republic, with
heavily armed frontier posts.
Reports persist that Poqo
supporters have been smug
gled out of South Africa to
Ghana and Algeria for train
ing in sabotage. Some of
these saboteurs are reportedly
now back in the country pre
paring for the next phase of
Poqo's operations.
Last month there were dis
quieting reports from Natal
that Poqo was recruiting
young Africans by the score
and sending them by secret
routes to West Africa for
training, in guerrilla warfare.
There are other reports that
Poqo has organized its own
schools for teaching judo and
unarmed combat techniques
In the African townships
south-west of Johannesburg
Attention to Activities
The South African authori
ties are giving serious atten
tion to Poqo's activities. The
recent emphasis on fortified
frontier posts and detention
camps for undesirable immi
grants shows that the police
will make an all-out effort to
stop saboteurs trained out
side the country re-entering
the republic. In that case the
new border posts would be
come major targets for Poqo
terrorists, to re-open a way
back into the country for its
trainees.
South African whites have
been showing greater interest
in civil defense and a wary
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attitude of "we don't expect
trouble really but we must
be prepared" Is typical in
these early days of 1963.
Nnformed sources say Poqo
is discussing its D-Day plans
at nightly meetings through
out the country, but that no
dates have been set for fu
ture widespread attacks. By
no means all the Africans in
the country support, or are
even mildly sympathetic to
ward Poqo's savage campaign
of all-out terror and there are
many police informers.
But it seems likely that
Poqo's next major efforts will
not be Panga and Assegai
affairs. Machine guns and
hand grenades could replace
the primitive African weap
ons. Before it was banned, the
Pan-Africanist congress said
South Africa would be "lib
erated" in 1963. The whole
of South Africa, both black
and white, is waiting tensely
to see whether Poqo will
make good the threat.
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