2 B
SUNDAY.
ireca'4
(Editor' note: Thii ii the
fourth In a series oi discus
sion topics provided by the
Foreign Policy utociation.
Mow York, in connection
with tho Grctt Decisions
program tor 1963. ThU
week's subject ii "Spain -End
ol tho Franco Era?")
U. S. and Spanish diplo.
' mats are preparing to discuss
an issue of prime importance
to the Western world; the
operation of U. S.-built air
and naval bases in spam.
A decade ago the U. S. be
gan funnelling military hard-
ware and economic aid to
Spain. Total aid has amount
ed to nearly $2 billion, in
exchange, Spain's General
Franco gave the U. S. rights
to construct and operate stra
tegic military bases on Span
ish soil.
The rights are up for re
newal this year. There Is ev-
ery indication that Spain is
prepared to make significant
demands as the price for re
neval of the U. S. rights.
As far back as 1961 Gen-
cral Franco stated that the
agreements between the two
countries should be "modi
fiod." "Tho military, political
and economic aspects of the
agreements," tho Spanish In
formation Minister said re.
ccntly, "are being studied
with an eye to revision."
Request for Weapons
High on Spain's military
shopping list is likely to be
a request for up-to-date jet
planes, rockets and missile
firing destroyers. The esti
mated cost may approach
$300 million. Franco tends to
justify his requests for such
equipment on the grounds
that, as an anti-Communist
country, Spain's defenses
should be kept at peak
strength.
Franco also Is expected to
press hard for U. S. political
support whenever Spanish in
terests are involved in the
United Nations and else
where. This would include
U. S. favoring of Spain's ef
forts to associate itself with
the six-nation European Com
mon Market, which takes 40
per cent of all Spanish ex
ports. If the Spanish economy
is to prosper, association with
the Common Market is a
Snow-Less
The snow-less winter lias
proved to be an unexpected
boon to campground and high
way cleanup efforts, accord
ing to Emil M. Sabol, district
ranger at Union Creek, Rogue
River National Forest.
As a result of the Columbus
Day storm forest service re
HIGHWAY CLEANUP-The
alnng the side of the Crater Lake highway bus Day storm. This scene, taken near the
this wlner made it possible lor forest ser- Natural Bridge area, shows how neat the
vice and stale highway department' crews roadside appears following completion of
to clean up brush that was encroaching on I lie work.
TIMBER REMOVAL-Numerous trees were litre a Mctirew Diotliers logging truck
blown down at Natural Bridge and olhrr loads some of the blowdown salvage at
campgrounds In the Union Creek Ranger . Natural Bridge campground,
district during the Columbus Day storm.
FEBRUARY 24. 1963 ,
IDecisioinis: S
m . spam y -
RELAXING IRON GRIP-This United Press
International newsmap shows the country
of Spain, whose ruler, Generalissimo Fran
must. Without such associa.
tion, Spain's exports will face
tough tariff barriers.
Franco believes that the
Spanish bases continue to be
vital to the U. S. Therefore,
he reasons, the U. S. will be
willing to pay the price he
asks.
Value of Sea Base
The U. S., to be sure, would
like to renew the agreements,
A fully operational naval base
at Rota, in southern Spain,
has become of increasing val
ue. This base would serve as
headquarters for nuclear
submarines due to operate in
the Mediterranean Sea.
On the other hand, some
strategists consider U. S. air
bases in Spain to be of dimin
ishing value in the age of
long-range missiles. In addi
tion, many people deplore any
U. S. tics at all to an authori
tarian regime like Franco's.
Two months ago an inter
national commission of jurists
commented that the Franco
regime has not abandoned the
'intolerable and subjugation
of all opposition which char
acterize a totalitarian system."
Winter Unexpected
creation areas nn the Union
Creek nanRcr district were
storm strewn with down tim
ber and debris. The Crater
Lake and Diamond Lake high
ways also were hit by the
storm.
While the areas arc usually
under several feet of snow at
lack of snow the highway and
, Tj
Thus it is not certain that
this country will be eager to
meet the terms Franco may
present. Sen. Richard B. Rus
sell (D-Ga ), chairman of the
Armed Services committee,
has said that Increased U. S.
payments for the Spanish
bases would be "completely
unjustified."
While U. S. and Spanish
negotiators have been sound
ing each other out on renewal
of the agreements, General
Franco's government has been
In consultation with French
officials. ,
It is believed that French
President de Gaulle is eager
to forge close ties with Spain
as part of his grand design
to form a united Western Eu
rope under French leader
ship.
What can De Gaulle offer
Spain? For one thing, Do
Gaulle can help smooth
Spain s path to association
with the Common Market.
For another, De Gaulle can
hold out prospects of a mili
tary agreement with Spain.
Thus Spain would be linked
with France and West Germa
ny (both of which recently
this time of the year, the
sunny weather this year has
allowed restoration work to
procede uninterrupted.
The first Job to be tackled
was the restoration of the
roadsides. According to Sabol,
both the Crater Lake and Dia
mond Lake highways are
also debris from the Colum-
. r.
MEDFORD
cisco Franco, appears to be relaxing the
iron grip he has held on the Spanish people
since 1939. (UPI)
signed a military agreement).
This could be the nucleus
of a future European army
and even a possible replace
ment for the U. S.-led North
Atlantic Treaty Organization.
In a sense, De Gaulle may
be competing with the U. S.
for the favor of Spain. Spec
ulation to this effect stems
from recent French actions,
which have blocked British
entry into the Common Mar
ket. De Gaulle also hopes to
reduce U. S. influence in
Western Europe. A French
Spanish rapproachoment may
be an important step toward
this goal.
Spain's over-all diplomatic
aim is to win full acceptance
within the Western communi
ty of nations. For some years
after World War II Spain was
shunned by most of the free
world countries, which gen
erally characterized Franco's
regime as fascist.
An end to isolation began
in 1953, when the U. S. and
Spain signed the bases agree
ments. Since then, Spain has
joined other international or
ganizations, including the
UN.
Boon for
classed as Lanrlscane Manace
ment areas, and preservation
of the scenic qualities is of
paramount importance.
The remnvnl nf riniun lim.
ber was accomplished through
commercial timber sale pro
cedure. Four snips inlalllnc,
500,000 board feet were sold.
Succesful bidders were S.
and W. Logging company,
Wayne Ash Logging company,
and Spencer Logging com
pany. FollowillB this. Orcffnn sfnfn
highway department crews
joined torest service crews in
piling and burning what was
left after the logging opera
tion. Clyde White and Lee
Curry, section foremen, di
rected highway department
personnel, while Lowell Ash,
lire control officer at Union
Creek, supervised forest ser
vice crews.
After this phase was done,
forest service crews moved
into Muir Creek, Farewell
Bend, and Natural Bridge
campgrounds, where logging
of the blowdown timber had
been completed. The slumps
of the uprooted trees present
ed a problem, both from ihe
standpoint of safety to camp
ers and of unsighllincss.
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MAIL TRIBUNE, MEDFORD.
pain-Emd
70-Year-Old Leader
By PETER KNOX
United Press International
Old soldier Generalissimo
Francisco Franco shows no
signs of dying, but he might
fade away.
The tough, wily little Span
ish leader, who turned TO last
Dec. 4, appears in good health
despite wishful rumors gen
erated by his opposition.
But he shows an increasing
disposition toward relaxing
the iron grip on the Spanish
people which once character
ized him.
His doctors say he has no
serious health problem apart
from a partial paralysis of his
left hand as a result of a
Christmas Eve hunting acci
dent at his El Pardo palace
near Madrid in 1961. His
activities seem to bear the
doctors out.
He is possessed of an
energy enjoyed by few men
his age; he personally pre
sides over 14-hour cabinet
sessions, travels frequently
from one end of the country
to the other and goes on hunt
ing trips.
Yet what many think he
stood for is fading. The
Falangc, a virile fascistic po
litical force when his regime
began, has degenerated to a
grumbling voice in the back
ground; the wealth of Spain,
once so poorly distributed,
has begun to spread; the na
tion's formerly throttled
newspapers have started pub
lishing foreign policy editori
als which do not necessarily
reflect the opinion of the
government and genuine criti
cisms of government domestic
policies.
Little Political Interest
Yet Spaniards seem to pay
little attention to the coun
try's political development.
The foreign reporter encoun
ters less spontaneous criti
cism of government in bars,
taxis and restaurants thm
before the trend toward lib
eralization began.
Spaniards, many of them
earning slightly more than a
starvation wage for the first
time in their Jives, are jam
ming football stadiums and
buying motor scooters, tran
sistor radios and an extra pair
Crews
At Natural Bridge camp
ground, the problems were
solved by loading the massive
stumps into dump trucks and
hauling them away to an in
conspicuous spot in the forest,
miles away from Natural
Bridge. This project was su
pervised by Herbert E. Barth,
forester in charge of recrea
tion at Union Creek.
Meanwhile, state highway
department crews, taking ad
vantage of the suitable wea
ther, had cleared off the
brush along the shoulders of
the Crater Lake highway be
tween Prospect and Union
Creek.
The brush along this sec
tion of highway was encroach
ing on the highway and was
dutracting from the scenic
qualities, in addition to being
a safety hazard. According to
Sabol, the brush clearing proj
ect fits into the forest service
concept of landscape manage
ment. Restoration work will con
tinue on the Union Creek
recreation areas as long as the
weather permits. Next to be
treated arc the Union Creek
and Woodruff Bridge camp
grounds. - CIRCUIT
PANEL
$0050
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OREGON
of shoes paying in install
ments and their individual
welfare interests them more
than politics.
Coupled with the political
and economic changes is the
possibilitiy that the "Caudil
lo" might fade into the back
ground. When he appointed
his 67-year-old army buddy,
Cap t.-Gen. Agustin Munoz
Crandcs, former commander
of the Blue Division, which
fought with Germany against
Russia in World War II as
government vice president
last July, he created a new
post above ministerial rank.
The decree specified that
Munoz Grandes could substi
tute for the chief of state for
reasons of "absense, illness or
incapacitation."
Some observers speculated
that Franco might be plan
ning to let Munoz Grandes
take over most of the work of
governing, with Franco going
into semi-retirement as titu
lar head of state Though the
generalissimo still charts the
course for his ship of state, he
lets the vice president take
an occasional turn at the
wheel.
Could Solve Nightmare
Munoz Grandes could be
the solution to Spain's nation
al nightmare, the problem of
succession. Technically Spain
is a kingdom without a king.
A public referendum in 1947
indicated the people pre
ferred to return to the mon
archy, so Franco declared his
country a kingdom and sub
sequently said a king would
take over when he ceased to
rule.
Presumably the king would
be either Don Juan de Bour
bon, County of Barcelona, or
his son Prince Juan Carlos.
Don Juan has never re
nounced what he believes to
be his right to be king; and
his son is only 25 years old,
five years shy of the age re
quired by the law of succes
sion. So Don Juan would be
the likely candidate except
that sources close to him say
he wants more than the role
of a mere figurehead.
The law of succession
calls for an interim rule,
until the king has been for
mally named, by a "council of
the realm," presently headed
by Estcban Bilbao, president
of the Spanish parliament.
Cortes Bilbao, however, Is
rumored to be retiring soon
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Framic
Appears in
and Munoz Grandes is un
doubtedly the strongest and
most influential member of
the council. Hence, regardless
of who was president, Munoz
Grandes would probably
dominate.
In any case, with pressing
problems like Spain's econo
mic need for foreign markets
(hinged to a great extent '.3
the country's bid for associa
tion with the Common Mar
ket), the renegotiation of the
American bases in Spain, and
Spain's weakening hold on
its African possessions, Fran
co is not likely to step down
for awhile.
Among the liberalizing
steps which could mark the
end of an era, the most recent
one considered by the regime
is a proposal to lift 'restric
tions on Protestants and give
them the heretofore unheard
of rights to build their own
schools, distribute Bibles and
hold public office.
Relax Press Censorship
The most notable move to
ward liberalization was the
relaxation of press censorship
announced last summer by
new 40-year-old minister of
information, Manuel Fraga
Iribarne.
Changes began occuring in
formerly Isolated Spain in
1953, when Spain after be.
ing rebuffed and quarantined
by the United Nations sud
denly became important to
American world defense plan
ners. The first influence to
ward change in the interior
came with the base construc
tion program, which gave
work to thousands of Span
iards, poured money into the
pockets of Spanish contrac
tors, and brought about 2,000
American construction work
ers, with their high standard
of living and infectiously
democratic ways
Then came U.S. military
forces, compounding the in
fluence. In the meantime,
Spain began to increase its
economic contacts with other
countries, saved from bank
ruptcy by American aid
By 1962 that aid totaled
more than $1.6 billion. By
1962 also sunny picturesque
Spain became one of the big
gest tourist attractions in the
world, and the foreign visi
tors spent over $350 million
in Spain last year.
The German "economic
miracle" was another influ.
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JOE DEENIN & RON METE Are Now At
MEDFORD ICE COLD STORAGE
PH. 779-1587 - 535 S. FIR
MEAT CUT AND WRAPPED
TO YOUR SPECIFICATIONS
Good Health
ence on Spain s own mir
acle." It funneled off tens of
thousands of workers from
Spain where Jobs were poor
ly paid and not abundant,
and gave them well-paid jobs
in labor-short German fac
tories. Many of them came
jack, bringing money, indus
trial skills they had learned,
and ideas about social stand
ards and human rights which
seeped through the Spanish
community.
Still Totalitarian Stale
In spite of Franco's appar
ently relaxed grip, Spain is
still basically a totalitarian
state.
Franco's 19-man cabinet in
cludes eight military men,
four Falangists, five ot indef
inite political affiliation and
two members of the Opus Dei,
a relatively new power source
in Spain. Opus Dei, a Roman
Catholic political organiza
tion, appears to be orientated
toward economic and social
reform without prejudicing
the wealthy or the power of
the reactionary sector of the
Catholic hierarchy, a difficult
task at best.
One unique aspect of the
Franco regime's political sys
tem is the organism known
as the Sindicatos. The Sindi-
catos, g o v e r n m e n t run
"unions" combining repre
sentatives of labor, manage
ment and government at
every level and in every
branch of industry, are the
regime's substitute for free
labor unions, which are out
laweiV
Strikes are also outlawed
however the government im
plicitly admitted the validity
of localized labor disputes of
a non-political nature when it
reacted to last springs crip
pling nationwide strike wave
by declaring Labor Ministry
courts competent to resolve
such disputes.
Opposition Parties Outlawed
Political parlies, except the
Falange, are officially out
lawed in Spain, Among the
most significant operating
however are the Socialists,
various middle of the road or
slightly left of center demo
cratic groups, the Basque and
Catalonian separatists who
cling to their impractical
dreams of making their re
spective provinces independ
ent states, the extreme leftist
Frente de Liberacion Popular
and the Communists. Appar
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ently the Socialists are the
strongest numerically, but
with perhaps only 20.000 ac
tive supporters in Spain.
The military forces jre
largely political, and would
probably be the most Gtab.e
element on the political scene
if Franco were to die tomor
row. The top generals are
pro-Franco and would prob
ably rally with their troops
under Munoz Grandes' ban
ner.
The reason behind much oi
the liberalization is Spain's
desperate need to build up its
economy. Franco knows he
must deal with other Western
nations, but to do so he needs
a degree of political respec
tability in the eyes of the
Western democracies.
Let liberty is habit -form
ing. To retract a freedom cre
ates greater resentment than,
to maintain totalitarianism.
It is hard to predict when,
if ever, Spaniards will have
a voice in their government.
but the circumstances of an
aging dictator and a vital
economic need have forced
Franco to break the mold of
the past. It is the end of an
era but not the end of
Franco.
Olds Appointed As
Enlisted Advisor
Sgl. First Class Kenneth D.
Olds has been appointe en
listed adviser to the Second
battalion, 414 regiment of
Medford, according to Lt.
Col. John F. Rush, CE, USAR,
commanding officer.
Sergeant Olds appointment
comes from the X Corps, Ft.
Lawton, Wash. He has com
pleted 34 months of duty at
Augsburg, Germany, with tha
Southern Area command.
Sergeant Olds enlisted in
the United States Army in
1941 and served in the Asiatic-Pacific
area. He is a vet
eran of the Papuan and New
Guinea theaters with the
201st Signal depot. In Korea,
he served with the Korean
Central command.
He is a native of Grass
Valley, Ore. His service deco
rations include the Ameri
can Defense Service medal,
Asiatic-Pacific, Phillippi e
Liberation, National Defense
and United Nations medals.
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