2 g SUNDAY,
Great
(Editor! no!: Thii it the
third topic in the Great Do
ciiioni series thii year. Thii
week's study subject U "Al
geria - What Futurt?" Tha
following dupatch wai pro
vided by tha Foraign Poli
cy auociation. New York,
which ipontort tha Great
Decisions program.)
For the first time since Al
geria became independent last
iummer, reports irom ooserv-
ers on the scene reflect
more optimistic tone.
There appears to be some
evidence that the downwi
drift of the Algerian economy
has come to a halt, and that
the country's lecdert- are
aeriously facing up to what
Premier Ahmed Ben Bella
has called "unbelievable
oroblcms."
These problems are, in
large part, the legacy of the
b tier eight-year war tor in-
dependence fought by Algeri
an nationalists against the
French. However, the internal
atruKEle for power that be
came acute in the immediate
postindependence period-and
from which Premier Ben
Bella emerged victorious - ag
gravated the nation's plight
and added substantially to us
difficulties.
Beaches Bottom
By last December, Algeria's
economy had virtually reacn-
ed bottom. Eighty per cnt of
all adult men in the "o try
were unemployed. Some
million people, roughly half
the country's population, were
officially classified as needy
- a classification that justifies
daily aid by the International
Bed Cross and other charity
organizations.
To tide Algeria over this
period of desperate need,
both France and the U.S. have
provided emergency assist
ance. The French have been
pouring more than $1 million
a day into an otherwise empty
Algerian treasury; the U.S.
has been providing a daily
subsistence diet to more than
4 million destitute and hungry
Algerians.
However necessary, th se
programs are admittedly tem
porary palliatives. Algerian
officials are presently engag
ed in computing their coun
try's long-range economic
needs.
To Work Out Plant
In March, or as soon there-1
after as possible, they will sit
down with French experts to
work out plans for Algeria's
economic development and for
extensive Franc o-Algenan
economic cooperation. It is
also expected that they will
turn to the U.S. for help to
supplement French aid.
If Algeria is to revive its
economy and embark upon
the long-range development
required to raise its people's
living standards and to nice I
the needs of a rapidly expand
ing population, then foreign
aid is certainly indispcnsiblc.
But, in the last analysis,
Algeria's own effort to solve
its "unbelievable problems,"
may prove decisive. This vital
task of self-help imposes
grave responsibilities on the
country's new leaders.
Emerging Trends
Since he assumed power,
Premier Ben Bella has moved
Algeria in an authoritarian -many
would say totalitarian
direction. Today Algeria -like
to many other newly in
dependent nations - is a one-
party state. That party is, of
course, the National Libera
tion Front (FLN), which play-
rd a major role in the strug
gle for Independence.
Government policy is first
formulated In the party's five-
man Political Bureau, of
which Mohammed Khidcr is
secretary general and Pre
mier Ben Bella a member,
and then presented to Parlia
ment for approval.
Observers have noted that,
even though all of Algeria's
504 deputies were hand-picked
by the Political Bureau of
the FLN for political reliabil
ity, Parliament has not-thus
far-been reduced to a
"yessing'' a.iscmbly, and that
it has frequently offered vigo
rous criticism of government
policies.
Outlaw Red Parly
Last November, the Ben
Bella government outlawed
the still functioning Algerian
Communist parly. In January
il look control of the last im
portant autonomous organiza
tion in the country, the Algeri
an trade union movement.
Since independence, the
Ben Bella regime has gone
through two distinct phases
in economic affairs-. Early last
summer, In the euphoria of
their newly acquired Inde
pendence, Algerian leaders
proclaimed themselves social
ist and talked iweepingly of
nationalizing all industry.
Encouraging such talk were
the foreign Communist trade
delegations which arrived In
Algiers to negotiate barter
agreements.
Act With Realism
But as summer gave way
to fall, and the enormity of
Algeria's economic problems
became manifest, the govern
ment began to talk and act
FEBRUARY 17. 1963 MEDrORD MAIL TRIBUNE, MEDFOHD. OHECON
Decisions Discussion Subject: Algeria -What
i im. .BSHM
FRAMED BY LISTENERS Premier
Amcd Ben Bella is framed by listeners
above and below as he makes a speech in
Tizi Ouzou, Algeria, in the Grande Kabylie
with greater realism. 1-
though sl'll avowing itself so
cialist, it largely shelved
plans tor sweeping reforms.
it encouraged the French
still led in Algeria - 150.111)1)
out of an estimated million
a year ago - to slay, and made
efforts to attract back some
who had left - teachers, tech
nicians, business men.
Premier Ben Bella has con
siderably modified his earlier
statements about nationaliz
ing industry. Aware that he
must bring in private capital
to help develop his- country,
he has promised to confine
nationalization to "essential"
industries and to leave a sig
nificant sector of the economy
open for private investment.
In agriculture Ben Bella has
rejected Soviet-style collec
tives for a much more mod
erate form of cooperative.
Algeria's Foreign Policy
Algeria's increasingly prag
matic approach to its econom
ic problems has been paral
leled by a similar trend in
Parks, Recreation Program
Behind, County Court Is Told
Jackson county is way be
hind other areas in tourist
promotion and development
of attractions, Jackson County
Parks and Recreation Com
missioner J. F. F.bcrharl told
the county court Friday after
noon. R e p r e s cnlalives of the
parks and recreation commis
sion met with the county court
for a preliminary budget dis
cussion. County Commissioner Don
Fabcr said the money which
the county court gave lo the
Medford Chamber of Com
mercc recently should have
been marked for tourist pro
motion.
The county s printing press
can turn out illustrated bro
chures costing no more than
the paper they are printed on.
It was suggested. First, how
ever, there must he sufficient
parks and recreation areas lo
serve tourists ftruughl in
through publicity, il was
pointed out.
Publicised at Show
Eberhart said Klamath Riv
er association which Includes
Happy Camp, Calif., was well
publicized at the recent San
Francisco boat show. Private
recreation enterprise should
be encouraged, he id.
County Judge Earl M. Mil
ler said a 1!58 study of
Howard Prairie by a federal
agency said il the f i!hiiK were
good, JO. 000 visllaiMtis would
be made a year. County Park
and Recreation
Director Neil
Ledward said Howard Pramc
had 213.001) V1MI.1I10115 last
year based on camping ground
registration, traffic counter
on entrance roads and a par
tial estimate.
.... i r
area. With the Premier are Col. Houari
Boumcdiennc, second from right, and Ali
Boumentljel, both members of his govern
ment. (UPI)
foreign -policy. Officially, Al
gerian leaders describe their
country's fureign policy as
neutral and nunaligned, but
to many Western observers it
seemed as if ill the first
months- of Independence Al
gerian "neut-alily" favored
the Communist world.
During this period, the
French were incensed over
what they considered daily
affronts from the Ben Bella
government. Americans were
disturbed when Ben Bella vis
ited Cuba shortly after com
ing to Washington and sign
ed a communique with Fidel
Castro demanding thai the
U.S. give up its naval base
at Guiintanamo Bay.
Later, according to some
close associates, Ben Bella in
dicated he felt he had been
"used" by the Communists to
make a declaration against
the U.S. base at Guantanaino,
even as Moscow was secretly
constructing missile bases in
Cuba.
This great influx has over-
croweded and caused some
damnge to undeveloped areas
around the lake, he said. Road
and parking area development
is the great need for the new
fiscal year program, it was
pointed out.
Portland Man Is
flamed to Post
Glenn A. Goss, Portland,
has been appointed assistant
line superintendent in Pacific
Power and Light company's
Mcdtnrd district, Frank Ben
esh, Medford district man
ager, has announced.
Goss succeeds Dale Jeffer
son, who was recently pro
moled lo district line super
intendent in the Klamath
Falls district.
The new superintendent has
been assistant transportation
supervisor for PP&L since
January, lllb'2, and has been
an employee of the company
since 1950.
Before his appointment as
assistant transportation super
visor, Goss served as line
foreman in the Albany dis
trict and as an inspector on
company transmission line
construction projects.
Goss has been president of
the Albany Central Labor
Council, chairman of Local
I I'ml of (."! of the Interna-
tinnal Brotherhood of Klcc
trical Workers and the union's
delegate for the Albany I'nit
ed Fund program.
He is an Oregon Stale uni
versity alumnus.
Relations between Algeria
and both France and the U.S.
have improved noticeably in
recent munths. There can be
no doubt that this improve
ment rctlccls an increasing
sense of realism on the part
of Algeria's leaders.
They have apparently come
lo realize that the future of
their naiiuii is linked to close
and friendly cooperation with
France. They have made it
clear, too, that they appreci
ate the aid the U.S. gave Al
geria both before and after
ndependence, and they un
doubtedly hope the U.S. will
provide long-range economic
aid to supplement that given
by France.
Whether Ihe U.S. will assist
Algeria in the reconstruction
and development of its econ
omy is an issue upon which
Congress will have the last
word. What that word is, how
ever, will unquestionably de
pend on t he statesmanship the
leaders of Algeria display in
the months ahead.
Commission representatives
urged the county court lo pur
chase a gravel pile in the
Howard Prairie area for roads
and parking areas. Mrs. Han
ley lleffcrnnn, commission
member from Medford, urged
establishing gravel stockpiles
at recreation areas for future
use. This migh; be done by
the county roads department
through a separate bookkeep
ing procedure, she suggested.
Fabcr asked why the cur
rent budget was not altered
"to take eare of these things'"'
Judge Miller replied that the
use of recreation areas was
much greater than the court
expected.
Ledward said he hoped lo
install more public tables and
renovate the cooking cabin
al the organization camping
area used by such groups as
411 club members.
Discuss Picnic Art
The group briefly discussed
main area development at F.m
igrant and a waside picnic
area, continued development
at Savage creek, county par
ticipation at Willow and Hyatt
lakes and development of the
Applegatc store picnic site.
Nothing can be done at
Hyatt until the federal agen
cies Involved decide winch
one has jurisdiction, Ledward
said.
Ihe county wide study of
recreation needs and master
plan was tied in with need for
a park planner or assistant
parks itirecror which County
Commissioner Fabcr said he
opposed hiring. Ledward said
later tcehiirval aid as request
rd by some communities will
be hampered unless he cm
obtain in assistant.
By ALAIN RAYMOND
United Press International
Algiers, Algeria -il'PD- In
dependent Algeria is making
the painful transition trom
revolution to hard reality in
1963.
It, is tough going.
It means belt tightening
austerity, a grinding tax
burden and little prospect of
happier times in the immedi
ate future.
It means putting on ice for
the time being the dreams of
a socialist paradise in North
Africa, with which vision the
Algerian revolutionary lead
ers look over their war-ravaged
country last July.
It means relying to a great
extent on relief and handouts,
particularly from the United
States and France, even to
keep nine million Algerians
from the brink of starvation.
It means a struggle for the
young nation simply to keep
its head above water.
Little is left today of the
mood of revolutionary exalta
tion of last July.
Most Europeans Leave
The inexperienced leaders
who took over the country
after years of exile or of
languishing in French jails
found it ravaged by IVi years
of war with France and the
bloody terror campaign of the
European Secret Army Organ
ization (OAS).
More than 80 per cent of
the former European popula
tion of 1.100,000 fled just be
fore or soon after independ
ence. Few have returned.
Fratricidal strife tore the
fledgling nation for three
months last summer before
Ahmed Ben Bella succeeded
in asserting himself as its
leader.
Local Woman Has Judging Distinction
By MARY ALICE BRUSHA
Mail Tribune Correspondent
Mrs. Caryl E. Gibbs of Med
ford, secretary - treasurer of
the Southern Oregon Kennel
club, holds the distinction of
being the only woman ever
invited to judge an obedience
trial at the Golden Gate Dog
show in San Francisco.
Mrs. Gibbs served as a
judge at the show, the largest
and best known dog show on
the west coast, last fall. On
that occasion she presented
the lop trophy to a three-year-old
dog named Rover Run,
owned and trained by Doug
las Bundock. This dog is the
same one which was seen in
the Walt Disney television
program "Little Dog Lost"
recently.
Currently, Mrs. Gibbs is
looking ahead to April when
she will serve as a judge at
the San Gabriel Valley Ken
nel club show al Monrovia,
Calif. She recently returned
from Portland, where she
served as a judge of the Ore
gon Dog Fanciers show Jan.
26.
Draws Up Program.
Mrs. Gibbs two years ago
drew up the program of ex
ercise work for the 4-H dog
obedience training in Oregon.
This program was approved
by the state extension office
and is used stale wide. In
1962, she served as judge for
the third consecutive time for
the 4-H obedience trials at
the state fair in Salem.
"Somewhere along the line
-and that line goes back to
the book of Moses, over 2,700
years ago-we have failed the
dogs,' Mrs. Gibbs feels. "The
scriptures of Nineveh and tile
hieroglyphics of Egypt attest
to the early domestication of
the dog. and the existence of
races similar to some of those
which exist al the present
day."
Quoting Curvier, Mrs. Gibbs
said. "He made the strong as
sertion that the dog is the
County Opens Bids
For Tire Supply
Oregon Tire and Supply
company. Medford, and Med
ford Tire Service were ap
parent low bidders Friday on
a year's supply of countv
tires.
Oregon Tire and Supply
was apparent low bidder on
pasrnger car and truck tires
and tubes at $12,649 57. Mrd
ford Tire Service was appar
ent low bidder on heavy
equipment Hits and tubes at
S.i.094 less 2 per cent
count.
All bids will be studied bv
County Purchasing Coordina
tor William Cochran and
County Engineer Robert Car
stensen and recommendations
made to the county court.
Other bidders were White
City Tire company. $15,560.72
for pass-enger car and truck
tires and tubes, and $3,959 on
heavy duty tires and tubes:
Sam Jeunmcs Tire company.
$13,848 for passenger car and
truck tires and lulus and
$5,859 for heavy equipment
tires and tubes; Oregon Tire
and Supply company. $5,729
54 for heavy equipment tires;
and Medford Tue company.
$12.698 53, less 2 per cent for
passenger car and truck tires (
and tubes.
Today, with the first year
of independence past the half
way mark, Algerians still are
learning the full price they
are having to pay for freedom.
Fewer than 1 in 10 of the
population have full time
jobs. The economy still is stag
nant and hundreds of European-owned
businesses are
closed or barcley operating.
More than 500,000 Algeri
ans are living in refugee
camps, kept alive only by for
eign relief.
Algiers itself, the brilliant
white capital city rising in
tiers of steep streets above a
blue bay, no longer is the
same as last July.
Still Removing Slogans
The green and - while flag
with the blood-red crescent
and star has disappeared from
the windows. The streamers
proclaiming nationalist slo
gans have been removed from
the streets.
Algerians still are remov
ing the huge OAS slogans
smeared in tar on walls of
buildings. Soon the last of
them also will have disap
peared. The French tricolor, of
course, no longer is to be
seen. But one of the few
visible signs of independence
is the national flags on gov
ernment offices scattered in
different points of this huge
rambling city.
Ben Bella, today the un
disputed master of the new
Algeria, lives in a modest,
though modern, apartment on
the third floor of the Villa
Joly, headquarters of the Na
tional Liberation Front (FLN),
sole party in this one-party
nation.
Most of his time today Ben
Bella spends poring over files
.fc 'fiKlv-t '
& ' pvf
U0U if$ jp il jl k W
FIRST WOMAN JUDGE Mrs. Caryl E. Gibbs of Medford
is shown as she presents the top trophy of the Golden Gate
Dog show to Douglas Bundock. owner and Irainer of Rover
Run, at the show in San Francisco last fall. Mrs. Gibbs was
the first woman ever lo serve as a judge of the obedience
trials at the show.
most complete, t ho most
singular, and the most useful
conquest ever made by man."
Mrs. Gibbs is an avid pro
moter of the pure bred dog.
She esplains that "the prin
ciple reason for a pure bred
dog is lo have an animal on
whose characteristics you can
depend. Every breed is de
veloped for some specific pur
pose, and when you want a
dog for a pet or work ability,
you should decide what you
want the dog tor and what
you want the dog to do, what
kind of lite you live and how
you want the animal to (il
in your family. Choose a dog
with Ihe same temperament
as your ow n and one that w ill
fit your own individual needs
and the accomodations you
arc able to afford."
Actual Observation
In the field of training and
obedience, she said, "dogs
should be used as first intend
ed. Willi their own character
istics developed, they can be
taught by actual observation.
and lliey dev elop goon iiiini
1 ihts by association with other
j dogs, providing the other docs
I have been taught good man
! ners and vice versa. Foi in
j stance the English bull dog,
in the beginning was bred
for bull fighting, and this par
WHO?
Sec Thursday's
Mail Tribune
in his office in the vast white
concrete building which for
merly was headquarters of the
French governor-general.
He works there late into
the evening, digging deeper
and deeper into the young na
tion's seemingly overwhelm
ing problems. Then, with a
brown Arab bournous over
his European suit, he drives
back to his bachelor apart
ment to continue his paper
work.
Ben Bella has had to learn
the realities of government
the hard way.
He found the country's cof
fers empty, not even the
funds to pay the few remain
ing civil servants.
Turned to Socialism
In the first weeks after in
dependence Ben Bella talked
of turning Algeria swiftly
into a socialist state. He
threatened to nationalize all
French-owned factories and
farms.
After a quick visit to Presi
dent John F, Kennedy, he
angered the United States by
rushing off to Havana where
he was photographed warmly
embracing Premier Fidel Cas
tro.
Although he probably never
was a Communist, he inclined
toward close friendship with
the Communist bloc.
But the hard facts of inde
pendence have sobered Ben
Bella's leftist enthusiasms.
He found Communist bloc
aid accompanied by fanfares
of propaganda but skimpy in
quantity and poor in quality.
He found he was unable
to do without the West.
In January he sent his Fi
nance Minister Ahmed Fran
cis to Paris. The French were
friendly and ready to help.
ticular hail has remained
with Ihe bull dog who will
never cease to find the cattle
an interesting foe.
"However, this business
that every boy should have
Jackson County dog owners mey apply end receive their dog licenses and tegs
by simply filling in the form below end mailing with the required fee to E M.
MADDEN, COUNTY CLERK, COURT HOUSE, MEDFORD, OREGON, license fees
ere as follows: Male dogs $2.00; spayed female dogs $2.00, female dogs $3 00.
PLEASE SEND ONLY CHECK OR MONEY ORDER WITH YOUR APPLICATION.
Your license and tag will be mailed to you immediately upon application end
remittance. If you have more than one dog, please use other forms of this neture
or attach a separate schedule with the required information.
FINAL DATE FOR PURCHASING A DOG LICENSE WITHOUT PENALTY
IS MARCH 1, 1963.
r
Application for Dog
Owner
Address
Indicate
sex of dog by
MALE
Dog's Name
Amount of Money Enclosed .
But they wanted pledges that
aid would be used for putting
the nation's house in order
and rebuilding its ravaged
economy.
Francis returned to Al
giers with promises of nearly
$300 million, this year in
French financial aid. In addi
tion, the French government
undertook to do its best to
get sorely needed teachers,
civil servants and technicians
to go to Algeria on contract
to help get the country back
on its feet.
They were almost as sorely
needed as money and food.
Government Services Limping
Event today postal and
taxation services are barely
limping along and trained en
gineers and mechanics are
hardly to be found.
France now has promised
to hand out a minimum of
$200 million a year U Al
geria for the next three
years. She also has promised
to sponsor Algeria for asso
ciation with the European
Common Market.
To tighten his control over
the country, Ben Bella banned
the small Algeria Communist
party a few months after in
dependence, leaving the FL"
as sole political party in the
country.
In January, his govern
mcnt tossed extreme leftist
leaders out of the country's
largest labor union, the Gen
eral Union of Algerian Work
ers, and replaced them with
trusted FLN nominees.
Ben Bella has not abandon
ed the dream of turning this
nation some day in a social
ist state, although he has had
to postpone its fulfillment
"I hope I shall see complete
dog is for the birds," Mrs.
Gibbs feels. No one should
have a dog unless he or she
can furnish a proper place for
the animal. Dogs should have
ample room for exercise, and
that doesn't necessarily mean
half an acre, but it should be
at least 18 feet long and a
space 4 or 5 feet wide.
"In their natural state dos
sleep more than they run. No
boy knows how to care for a
dog. He has to be taught, but
if a dog is brought into a
home with a family who
knows the true nature of the
animal, children can easily be
taught the way to treat the
pet. Actually 99 per cent of
the dogs mistrust children,
but they can be taught love
and confidence with the right
owner.
"In town you should have
your own area fenced. Your
pet should be kept on his own
property. Breeders of pure
bred dogs never permit their
dogs to run loose. I am a firm
believer in dog control and a
good leash law, but what we
have now is not the answer,"
Mrs. Gibbs said.
On Patrol Duly
"In larger cities today, dogs
are proving invaluable in
patrol duty, as a matter of
fact, Marshal Fields, in Chi
cago, is using Dobermans to
patrol the slore. Our covern-
I nmnl has manv trainpH in
rescue work, as well as guard
duly, and in other fields.
"Maybe yon don't buy a
dog with the idea of having a
watch dog. Nevertheless that
is exactly what he is doing,"
she added.
"The carelessness shown by
some oi tne dog breeders
throughout the country, seen
in some of the recent dog
shows, is only more proof of
ATTENTION
DOG
OWNERS!
1963
Da.'e.
encircling ene of the Following
SPAYED FEMALE
Celor .
Future
socialism before I die and I
am still a young man," the
45-year-old Ben Bella told a
visitor recently. "Socialism is
our ideal, but we can not
achieve it In one day or one
month."
Ben Bella, who won power
only after crushing strong op
position, realizes that opposi
tion to him still exists.
Rather than using continued
repressive methods, Ben Bel
la prefers to appeal to dis
sident or indifferent 'cmerts
among his fellow-Algerians to
unite behind him in the na
tional task of reconstruction.
One of his first moves was
to try to win over the 1,100,
000 Kabyles, a non-Arab peo
ple of Berber stock, who were
among the chief opponents of
his rise to power.
It was in the Kabyle areas
that Ben Bella first launched
his program of land redistri
bution, taking care at the
same time not to do anything
to wound their particular
susceptibilities.
Ben Bella looks eagerly vo
the United States for capital
investment in addition to the
aid in food stuffs which vir
tually has kept alive the 500,
000 refugees in camps of this
country.
Between S600 million and
$800 million worth of major
development projects were
abandoned by the French in
Algeria when the country was
given independence.
Ben Bella is seeking Unit
ed States support for a proj
ect under which thousands
of jobless Algerians now be
ing supported by American
gifts of food would be put
to work on land, forestry and
other projects with the aid
of American loans.
the fact that their main ob
jective at this time is show
manship, completely forget
ting the use for which the
dog was originally intended.
"We actually don't need
any more breeds of dogs. We
do need an improvement in
the types we already have.
According to the American
Kennel club, we have approxi
mately 116 different breeds,"
she said.
FAIRWAY
52-Gal. Electric
WATER HEATER
Savc$15
PAY ONLY
$5495
With Cal-Or.
League Bonus
S3
D,
NO MONEY
DOWN
Fully automatic controls, fiber
, ,ass insu,alion and rustpr00f,
" r
j glass-lined tank,
License
FEMALE
Breed
Signature of Applicant
- J