(j : bli.'.4Dti, li.fchUARY 3, Itb'i MEDFORD MAIL TRIBUME. MEDFORP, OKbttOH ,
Great Decisions: Is Common Market A Blueprint for New Europe?
Editor's note: This is the
first in a series of topics
which will be discussed by
Great Decisions groups this
. year. The material presented
here was furnished by the
Foreign Policy association,
New York. The subject this
week is the 'Common Mar-ket-Blueprint
for a new Eii'
rope?").
French President Charles
de Gaulle has uttered a firm
"non" to Britain's application
for entry into the European
Common Market. That one
word may well determine the
political and economic climate
in Western Europe for the
next 29 to SO years.
De Gaulle's veto has block'
ed at least for the time
being any further chance
of progress toward a goal
which the U. S. and Western
Europe have been trying to
achieve for 15 years. That goal
is a political and economic
union embracing most of the
countries of Western Europe
and cooperating closely with
the U. S. to form a North
Atlantic community.
It is toward this "grand de
sign," as it is called, that the
U. S. has worked since it
launched the Marshall Flan
after World War II to help
Western Europe rebuild.
French President Charles
de Gaulle has his own version
of a "grand design."
De Gaulle prefers a tightly
knit Continental community
of soverign states - with
France supplying the leader
ship. At the core of this com
l ,v,ljli USSR
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COMMON MARKET NATIONS This Unit
ed Press International newsmap shows the
six nations comprising the European Eco
nomic Community, commonly known as
By WILLIAM ANDERSON
United Press International
Brussels -lUPll- Surveying
the economic ruins of post
war Europe, Sir Winston
Churchill predicted: "If
Europe were once united in
the sharing of its common
inheritance, there would be
no limit to the happiness,
to the prosperity and glory
which its three or four
hundred million people
would enjoy."
The continent is still a
long way from fulfilling
this Churchillian prophesy
but it has nevertheless made
impressive strides toward
unity since he spoke nt
Zurich university on Sept.
10, 1946.
The force behind this
drive toward a united Eu
rope Is the European Eco
nomic Community (EEC),
better known as the Com
mon Market.
The Common Market
came inlo being through
the treaty of Rome signed
on rviaruii 25. IouT, by il'iS
representatives of West
nermnny. Frunze, Italy snd
the Benelux countries.
Its preamble states that
membership nations arc
"determined to establish
the foundations of an evrr
closer union among the
Eitrupfan peoples."
Three-Stage Union
The men who wrote the
treaty realized such a un
ion, amounting to a peace
ful revolution, could not be
achieved overnight.
They therefore envisaged
the union in three stages -customs
union, economic
union and finHlly political
union.
The first two steps are al
ready well under way
under the guidance of the
Common Market Institu
tions. The question of po
litical union is appearing
much more rapidly than
many European politicians
are ready to admit and per
haps before the community
is ready for it.
An example is President
Charles de Gaulle's present
opposition to Brlllfch mem
bership In the community.
Tariffs Slashed
A common agricultural
policy should be effective
munity would be a close liai
son between France and West
Germany.
Conclude Treaty
The two governments, in
fact, have just concluded a
treaty pledging close collabo
ration in defense, cultural and
foreign affairs. Linked to
France and West Germany
would be the neighboring na
tions of Italy, Belgium, the
Netherlands and Luxembourg.
These six countries are a!'
ready allied in the thriving
Common Market, which is
speedily eliminating all tar
iffs and other barriers to
trade among member nations.
When Britain applied for
membership in the Common
Market in 1961, de Gaulle did
not hide his lack of enthusi'
asm. He reasoned that Brit
ain would be reluctant to
sever its advantageous eco
nomic ties with the other na
tions of the British Common'
wealth. Unless those ties were
loosened, stated de Gaulle
and others, there could be no
entry for Britain.
Furthermore, British pres
ence in the Common Market
might frustrate French aspir
ations for Continental leader
ship. In de Gaulle's mind,
Britain, an Anglo-Saxon coun
try, is not truly Continental.
He reasons that Britain would
continue to have close links
to the U.S. And if Britain
were to join the Common
Market, then the U.S. would
gain a powerful voice in Con
tinental councils.
A Third Force
Such Is not the character
of the new Europe de Gaulle
has in mind. In his vision, the
fctr
Common Miirket, and potential nations
which probably will bo admitted on a limit
ed basis. (UPI)
by the end of 1969, result
ing in stuble markets for
farmers, more efficient
farming and better liveli
hood for the agricultural
population.
Official target date for
free movement of capital,
goods, services and man
power among the six na
tions is 1970 but actually
may come as early as 1907.
Top "Eurocrat" is 61-year-old
German National
Prof. Waller llallstein. As
chairman of the Common
Market's Executive Com
mission llallstein averages
16 hours' work a day and
will hop a Jet tor thr Jjr.'.'.cd
States us casually as most
people would take a sub
way to work.
Since the Inception of ihe
Common Market the econ
omies of the Common Mar
ket nations have expandud
more rapidly than any oth
er trading block In the
world.
GNP Rii.n 20 Per Ceni
Crcr: NMional Product
has risen by over 20 por
cent. Industrial production
is 3G per tent abovr what it
was when the market was
inaugurated. Une m p 1 o v
meist has drnprwd ami in
several countries a shortage
of manpower Is appearing.
It is difficult to stain how
much of this is dire lo gen
eral world economic con
dition? and how much to
the Common Market. But
there is no disputing the
fact that trade between the
six nations has Increased by
73 per cent due primarily
to the slashing of tariffs
and ending of quotas. Al
though only halfway
through the economic union
program, the market is a
success.
Further proof of Its suc
cess is In the number of na
tions trying to become full
members or enter into as
sociation with the six. As
sociation allows limited
membership to nations who
politically or economically
feel they cannot become full
members.
Besides Britain, Den
mark, Norway and Eire arc
negotiating for full mem
bership. Sweden, Switzer
land, Austria, Portugal,
Fnrnnp nf thp future would
see a full blooming of French
grandeur.
The French-led coalition
would, in de Gaulle's view, be
powerful enough to take an
independent position in dis
putes between the U.S. and
the Soviet Union. As a third
force, the union of Western
European countries might
then hold the balance of pow
er in world affairs.
The third force concept is
a major reason behind
France's determination to de
velop its own nuclear weap
ons. De Gaulle believes that
a nuclear force, however.
modest, will enable France
to speak with authority and
free it from overdependence
on the U.S.
Despite de Gaulle's "grand
deal en." it had been
widely assumed that the slow
and tortuous 13-monin-oia ne
gotiations on the terms of
British entry Into tne com
mon Market would end In suc
cess. In the last few months,
fnr Instance, the British have
agreed to many of the eco
nomic stipulations laid down
by the Common Market.
At a January press confer
ence that stunned heads of
state throughout Western Eu
rope he spoke disdainfully or
the British hopes for admis
sion. "She is Insular, she is
maritime. She differs pro
foundly from the Continen
tals," he said in contrasting
Britain with the Common
Market members.
Growing Sluggish
Until recentlv a maioritv
of responsible British leaders
EUROPEAN COMMON MARKET
full MEMBERS
AltOC IATE MEMBER
FOSSfHE ASSOCIATE
Ml Mil R
j rOSSIBlf MEW MEMBER
Spain, and Turkey want as
sociation. Israel and Yugo
slavia are negotiating com
prehensive trade agree
ments with the EEC as a
whole as distinct from in
dividual members.
Greece Is Associated
Greece became associated
on Nov. 1, 1962. Eighteen
former French and Belgian
colonies in Africa have just
completed signature of a
special association under
which the European six are
to provide 800 million dol
lars worth of technical and
financial aid In the next
five years.
The U.S. is w a t ch I n g
progress of the Common
Market through a full scale
embassy accredited to the
Hallstein commission. Inter
European farm produce is
becoming cheaper because
of the Common Farm poli
cy. France can now marUct
Its grain In Germany cheap
rr than can the U.S. Cheap
er grain enables the Euro
pcans to raise hogs, chick
ens nnd eggs more economi
cally .
. The internal market Is
protected from outside
dumping by variable levies
which c;in be idiacu or low
ered as necessary.
American poultry farm
ers are estimated to be los
ing $10 million a month be
cause of this practice. Ger
many, the traditional Amer
ican poultry market. Is now
buying from Holland.
The European reply to
U.S. protests has been lliat
Hie Common Market was
not created for the benefit
of the U.S.
1'eais persist that the
Common Market will be
come inward looking rath
cr than a force for expand
ed world trade. This is one
of the reasons why British
membership of the com
munity is regarded by free
traders as Important, Since
Hrltlsh membership would
almost automatically mean
adherence of Norway, Den
mark and Eire as full mem
bers, the free traders feci
that a ltl-nienibrra commu
nity plus all associate mem
bers would have such a
varieiy of trading interests
It could not look inward,
would have said that Britain
could not afford to remain on
the outside looking in. If ex
cluded from the Common
Market, they said, Britain
would find its voice in world
affairs diminishing. It would
also find its economy growing
increasingly sluggish as Us
products were shut out of
Common Market lands by
high tariff walls.
An influential minority In
Britain argued against entry
into the Common Market.
This group said that Britain
should not endanger its ties
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to the Commonwealth for the
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Market were not willing to
accept Britain with its Com
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within the Common Market
particulary in France - to
meet increased demand, may
also damage U.S. sales. This
possibility is of immediate
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historic market to be taken
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