6 A
SUubAY, JANUARY 47, 1963
MEDfORD MAIL TRIBUNE, MEDFORD, OREGON
ARCHAEOLOGICAL FIND - Bones of a pliocene norse,
wnicn lived 1 to 3 million years ago, were found in a grave'
yard excavation at San Diego, Calif. Amateur achaeologist
Thomas Peterson studies one of them. (UPI)
On the Air
By ELEANOR WIESE
A documented study of the
dramatic eventj of six criti
cal years in recent Russian
hislory-from the final months
of Joseph Stalin's rule of
of terror in 1B52 to ti.e emer
gence of Nikita Khrushchev
as undispu'ed leader of the
Soviet Union in 19jb-will be
presented in two programs,
a week apart, in the NEC
White Paper series.
The first program, 'The
Death of Stalin," will be tele
cast today at 10 p.m. on
KMED-TV, and its sequel,
"The Rise of Khrushchev,"
next Sunday.
To sift truth from fiction
and to present the most au
thentic accounts available of
what were, In many cases,
secrcv proceedings, producer
Fred Freed and his staff
sought out persons all over
the world who were in the
best position to k..ow the
facts. These included Com
munist and former Commun
ist officials, leaders and
diplomats of non-Communist
countries and distinguished
journalists, authors and polit
ical experts from the United
Stales and abroad.
It took two months to
locate K. P. S. Menon, former
Indian ambassador to the
U. S. S. R., who was the last
non-Communist to talk with
Stalin, 16 days before his
death. In a filmed interview
in Bangalore, India, Menon
tells how the Red dictator re
vealed his apparent suspicions
that he was surrounded by
conspirators.
Chel Huntley is narrator
for the two programs.
LOVE OF THREE KINGS,
2 p. m. Sunday KMED-TV.
Rebroadcast of the NBC
Opera Company's production
of Mmtemezzl's opera about
love, infidelity and a blind
king. Phyllis Curtin and
tiiuruio Tozzi of tlic Metro
politan Opera sing the lead
ing roles.
SPORTS SPECTACULAR,
2:0 p. m. Sunday KBES-TV.
The Harlem Globetrotters
demonstrate their clowning
wizardry again?! the Amer
ican Giants in London..
MEET THE PRESS, 6 p. m.
Sunday KMED-TV. Secretary
of State Dean Rusk will be
Interviewed.
TWENTIETH CENTURY,
6 p. m. Sundny KBES-TV.
"Italy's Booming North" re
ports on the prosperity ex
plosion In Milan, which has
become the mecca (or Italians
seeking the good life.
STARLIGHT CONCERT.
8 p. m. Sunday KBOY-FM
radio. Brahms' First Sympho
ny; Respighl's "The Pines of
Rome"; Rimsky Korsakov's
Russian Easter Overture; and
Chopin selections performed
by pianist Van Cliburn.
AMAZING
PSORIASIS
STORY
Inn. in. I960 Pittsburgh, Pa.
"Doctored for psoriasis 30 years.
Spent much money to no avail.
'I hen ied GUI Ointment and
'I nblets for 2 weeks. Scales dis
appeared at if by magic. In A
weeks skin completely cleared
and clean. First lime in 30 years,
1 hanks for your marvelous prod
ucts." This much abbreviated re
port tells of a user's success with
a dual treatment for the outward
symptoms of psoriasis. Full in
tormaiinn and details of a 14-day
'-rial plan from Canam Co., Dept.
0J, fyxkport, Mass.
O. E. 1'KUK, B:30 p. m.
Sunday KBES-TV. "Firebug,
dramatization of the behind-
the-scenes activities of Forest
Service personnel as they
track down an lncendiarlst.
DISCOVERY, "O p. m.
Monday KBES-TV. Viewers
will see the traditional
Chinese New Year celebration
In New York's Chinatown.
WINSTON CHURCHILL,
7 p. m. Monday KMED-TV.
The Burma-India campaign
against the Japanese push.
The Burma-Ledo roads and
the airlift over "The Hump"
are established.
AS CAESAR SEES IT, 9:30
p. m. Monday KMED-TV. Sid
Caesar presents a series of
sketches on movie goers,
travel via communication
satellites, and .the trend to
longer plays and movies.
U.S. Finds Itself Alone in Choosing Course in Congo
DICK POWELL SHOW.
9:30 p. m. Tuesday KMED-TV.
urnmy wnner Peter Falk
stars with Carol Lynley in
The Rage of Silence," the
story of a deaf mute whose
explosive temper erupts when
he learns that he has mistaken
sympathy for love. At.other
outstanding performance by
actor Falk.
WAGON TRAIN, 7:30
p. m. Wednesday KBES-TV.
Joan Fontaine gucsl stars as
frustrated singer whose
plans for a career are blocked
by her late husband's will.
PERRY MASON. 8 D. m.
Thursay KBES - TV. Guest
star Bctte Davis portrays a
woman attorney who defends
a defiant youth accused of
murder. Miss Davis is the
flrrt guest to substitute dur
ing Raymond Burr's absence
for minor surgery.
PREMIERE, 10 p. m. Thurs
day KBES-TV. George Gobel
heads a musical variety show
which includes Jugglers,
trained poodles and pianist
Peter Nero.
ANDY WILLIAM: SHOW,
10 p. m. Thursday KMED-TV.
Ann Snthern sings, and
"Bonanza" co-star, 300-pound
Dan Blocker, dances the Bossa
Nova.
ARTHURGODFREY
SPECIAL, 8:30 p. m. Friday
KBES-TV. Godfrey takes
viewers on a tour of "The
Sounds of New York." Guests
Include dancer Chita Rivera,
singer Linda Scott and Jazz
trumpeter Jonah Jones.
DAVID B R I NKLEY'S
JOURNAL, 8 p. m. Saturday
KMED-TV. The conlrovcrsial
coal production process called
strip mining, which has be
come a hot political potato in
Pennsylvania, is studied.
By ROBERT M. ANDREWS
United Press International
"If this is the way the
United Nations conceives Its
mission of pacification, it
would do better to abandon
the Congo to the cannibals."
The words were those of
the official French televi
sion network. Paris was
adding its dissent to cries
of outrage over the UN use
of armed force to drag fab
ulously rich secessionist Ka
tanga province back into
the Congo.
Paradoxically, Washington
at one time considered leav
ing the Congo to the canni
bals. Yet, In tl.3 end, It threw
its full weight behind UN
efforts to reunify the Con
go. Its motives are Involved
and - to many - obscure.
In choosing this course,
the United States found It
self alone among its allies,
as seldom before.
Promise Not To Oppose
Even British Prime Min
ister Harold Macmillan was
understood to have told
President Kennedy at Nas
sau that his government
could go no further than to
promise not to oppose Wash
ington's Congo policy in
public.
There also was criticism
at home.
Sen. Thomas J. Dodd (D
Conn.), a member of the
Senate Foreign Relations
committee and a warm sup
porter of Katanga President
Moise Tshombe, recently
asked the International
Commission of Jurists in
Geneva to Investigate the
legality of the UN role in
the Congo. He said he favors
a reunified Congo, but ac
cused the United Nations of
carrying out a "flagrant,
inhuman act of aggression"
that exceeded its Congo
mandate.
Rep. E. Ross Adair of In
diana, the second-ranking
Republican on the House
Foreign Affairs committee,
asked the state department
"why people In our govern
ment are pushing this ha
rassment of the people of
Katanga?"
Senators Complain
Sen Kenneth B. Keating
(R-N.Y.) and Sen Barry
Goldwater (R Ariz.) also
complained.
In reply to all this, the
Kennedy administration in
sisted its only goal was to
isolate the Congo from the
East-West cold war, to pre
vent it from becoming an
other Communist infested
Korea or Laos.
To back up its argument,
policymakers pointed to re
cent, disturbing signs of re
newed Soviet activity in the
Congo. The same ominous
activity was detected, and
thwarted, once before; but
the danger remained, they
said.
After its first heady taste
of freedom from Belgian
rule in July, 1960, the Con
go suddenly fell to pieces.
The army mutinied. Feud
ing tribes clashed. With civ
il war imminent, the infant
Congolese government ap
pealed to the United Na
tions to help it restore law
and order.
Dispatches Military Mission
Secretary General Dag
Hammarksjold, with Secur
ity Council approval,
promptly dispatched a UN
military mission. The alter
native, forbidden In the UN
charter, was intervention by
outside powers, with the
risk of confrontation of So
viet and American arms.
Washington decided It
could not turn its back on
the prospects of anarchy
and prolonged bloodshed in
the Congo.
To do so would be tanta
mount to inviting the Rus
sians to establish a Com
munist stronghold in the
heart of Africa from which
to spread dissension.
The Russians, it turned
out, overplayed their hand
and were forced to pack up
and leave. Their chosen
standard-bearer, Patrice Lu
mumba, was shot. His leftist
heir, Antolne Gizenga, even
tually was stripped of his
power as deputy premier
and jailed.
Trouble Never Solved
Once the immediate So
viet threat was eliminated,
state department strategists
MURRAY S. GARDINER EDWARD R. HOPPE
Receive New Responsibilities
Gardiner, Hoppe to
Have New Positions
With Utilities Firm
M. E. Sands, vice president
and Southern Oregon division
manager of California-Pacific
Utilities company, has an
nounced that two Medford
employees, Murray S. Gardi
ner and Edward R. Hoppe,
will be elevated to new re
sponsibilities Feb. 1.
Gardiner will become Med
ford District manager in ad
dition to retaining responsi-
bilies as assistant divison
manager of the gas company's
Southern Oregon and Shasta,
Calif., divisions. He has been
a Medford resident for many
years and is well known
throughout southern Oregon
for his work in civic and fra
ternal organizations.
Last October, Gardiner was
honored upon his 25th anni
versary with California - Pa
cific, and was presented the
President's Gold Watch
award.
Sands said Hoppe, who has
been responsible for Medford
operations, will assume the
duties of the newly created
position of merchandise sales
manager for the southern Ore
gon and Shasta, Calif., di
visions, with headquarters in
Medford.
Hoppe has more than 35
years of selling experience.
During his 24 years of service
with California-Pacific, Hoppe
has worked as gas appliance
salesman at Needles, Calif,,
Henderson, Nev., and Medford.
H -jm III i? ; "y
DISCUSS STRATEGY District leaders of
tho Sacred Heart Hospital Community drive
met to discuss the overall strategy to be
employed in the up coming community drive
to raise $100,000. Pictured left to right arc
Richard Frcy, Carl Bismark, and Ken
Wright.
Accomplishments of Chamber Reviewed
Outgoing Medford Chamber
of Commerce President Mur
ray Gardiner Friday night
listed the most Important ac
complishments by the cham
ber during the past year and
new President Bill Williams
outlined material to be accom
plished for the new year.
Before an estimated 150
people attending Hie annual
chamber banquet at the Rngtic
Valley Country club, Gardin
er listed as an Important ac
complishment the start toward
developing and revitalizing
the Medford downtown area.
He told of the trip to Pomona. !
Calif., to Inspect the rrvital-l
ized downtown area there.
Medford Architect Jacj Ed-1
I son showed colored slides of
Eugene's downtown revital
ized area.
Gardiner was presented the
president's plaque by Man
vllle Heisvl, Medford lawyer.
Williams stressed a better
Medford business climate. De
velopment of additional park
ing Is a short range objective
next year, he said. He also
discussed development of ad
ditional parking through spe
cial assessment districts.
Continuing Program
A long range continuing
program should be an effort
for a more equitable taxation
through the state legislature
and congress. The property
tax is unfair in many rcsiu cts,
he said.
The chamber should look
Into areas of commercial and
industrial development and
highway construction, the new
president said. But, Williams
spoke against bonding by spe
cial groups for special proj
ects. Another long range pro
gram Is a more favorable
fiscal policy from the federal
administration on down
through local government,
Williams staled.
Other Goals Noted
Other goals for the next
year should be relief for lum
bermen, a belter labor force
for crop harvest, higher stand
ards In higher education bol
stering tourism in Oregon,
and continued public school
support.
Orgeon packing plants
should Join a form of lobby
to better themselves, Williams
urged. Businessmen should
take a more active part in
politics, but should not run
to Washington, D.C., for as
sistance or subsidy.
People at each banquet
table presented their ideas
table to table as lo what the
chamber .should seek to ac
complish for t he new year.
Suggestions ranged from set
tling air pollution problems to
cleaning up old structures
along the new freeway, to
downtown area rcvitalij.u on.
ft
evolved the theory that the
Congo's troubles would nev
er be solved until Tshom
be's Katanga province was
persuaded to end Its self
proclaimed secession and
share its lifeblood of min
eral wealth with the anemic
Leopoldville regime.
Only then, they reasoned,
could the Congo become a
politically stable and eco
nomically viable state.
Except for Katanga's rich
copper, cobalt, manganese
and uranium mines, and the
diamond mines of neighbor
ing South Kasal province,
the Congo had never been
much more than an exotic
bauble of Belgian King Le
opold II, who carved it out
for his own with Explorer
Stanley's help in the 1870s.
The Congo is one-third
the size of the United
States, yet boasts only 13.9
million inhabitants. Of
these, there are only 1.7 mil
lion Katangese In an area
l12th of the Congo's size.
A Financial Advantage
But Katanga's mines, un
der British and Belgian con
trol, gave her a dispropor
tionate financial advantage
over the rest of the Congo.
The vast Union Minicre
' Du Haul Katanga Mining
complex exports $240 mil
lion in minerals a year.
Of this, Katanga get $40
million a year in taxes, du
ties and royalties.
By comparison, the rest
of the Congo exports $37.5
million a year in diamonds,
gold, tin, rice and cotton
and palm oil. It was doomed
to bankruptcy without a
share of Katanga's reve
nues. The Congo's total reve
nue in 1961 was $78 mil
lion; Katanga's a staggering
$60 million.
Half of Copper Exports
France and Belgium,
which together consume
half of Katanga's annual
copper exports, thus had a
vital interest in the prov
ince's political future.
Although it consumes
much less Katanga copper,
Britain's capital invest
ments are heavy. The so
called "Katanga lobby" in
Parliament has exerted con
stant and ill-concealed pres
sure on Macmillan to pro
tect British mining inter
ests. Aside from that, Britain
considered Tshombe a faith
ful friends and a steadying
influence in Africa. .
The British have prefer
red negotiating an eventual
end of Katanga's secession.
While slow, they said.ut
would have the advantage
of maintaining peace of
sorts.
But the United States
made it clear recently that
it could tolerate Tshombe's
stalling no longer. "Time is
running out," warned G.
Menncn Williams, assistant
secretary of state for Afri
can affairs, in a speech at
Redden Criticizes
Appling's Remarks
Salem - Represe n t a t i v e
James A. Redden (D-Jackson)
criticized Secretary of State
Howell Appling's remarks
made before the Oregon Re
publican club last week re
ferring to the proposed four
cent cigarette tax as a
"trick."
Redden slated that Repub
lican Gov. Mark O. Hatfield
had requested the tax legisla
tion in his inaugural address
and suggested that Appling
"get together with the Gov
ernor" on proposed legisla
tion. "If this tax is a 'trick' and
hence bad legislation, then
the Secretary should advise
the tricksters in the legisla
ture just how we are to an
swer the needs of education
and still afford relief to prop
erty taxpayers. The Secre
tary's 'Insulated office' t-f-fords
a platform for criticism,
without forcing him to make
his criticism constructive,"
Redden said.
the University of Virginia.
The timing of the speech
was significant. The peak
of the Cuban crisis had
passed. In the aftermath,
the state department began
receiving curious reports
from Leopoldville about
furtive new Soviet activity.
The Soviet embassy staff
in Leopoldville had sudden
ly doubled in size to about
50 persons. Russian diplo
mats were reported to be
touring Leopoldville beer
halls spreading the word
that the Americans were
trying to take over the Con
go's riches, and that the
Congo premier, Cyrille Ad
oula, was a "colonialist
stooge.
Adoula was in serious
trouble. His restive parlia
ment had made a life-or-death
issue of his inability
to unify the Congo. He
barely won a vote of confi
dence last November.
The Congolese deputies
voted to free Antoine Giz
enga, the old Lumumbist,
who returned to Stanley
ville ready, with Moscow's
backing, to take Adoula's
job it Tshombe were not
soon subdued.
Department Assessment
The state department's
assessment was this:
After the Cuban debacle,
the Kremlin might well be
looking Bround for another
part of the world to make
face-saving gains. Adoula's
shaky rule made the Congo
look promising.
The Russians' hints in
Leopoldville of intervention
again were more likely
dropped for their political
effect. They were believed
trying to gauge the strength
of radical Congolese elec
ments and perhaps to has
ten Adoula's downfall.
"The Communists are al
ways waiting in the shad
ows - waiting for us to
falter," said undersecretary
of state George W. Ball.
W a s h i n gton observers
said the administration's ur
gent warnings of a direct
Soviet threat in the Congo
were perhaps overdrawn.
But high U.S. officials em
phasized the threat was po
tential, and just as real as
it was 2W years ago.
Another reason for urgen
cy was that the United
States was working against
time. Time was running out
for Adoula. The threadbare
U.N. treasury could not
much longer support a Con
go operation that costs $10
million a month. India had
warned she would with-
Aviation Committee
Of C of C Studying
Service to Region
The aviation committee of
the Medford Chamber of Com
merce, headed by Myers Jones,
has started its study of the
Pacific Airlines application to
the Civil Aeronautics board
for a change in its service
pattern.
Pacific Airlines has asked
authority to overfly certain
intermediate points which gen
erate the least amount of traf
fic on its Route 76.
The aviation committee has
authorized Don McNeil, man
ager of the chamber, to invite
an executive of Pacific Air
lines to a meeting of the com
mittee to discuss in detail the
company's objectives and the
effect the changes would have
on service to Medford.
The discussion with Pacific
is expected to tie in with the
aviation committee's current
study of air service to and
from Medford.
Study Patronage - '
The study is being made in
an effort to determine why
patronage of the airlines has
decreased and whether the air
service is meeting the needs
of the people of th Rogue val
ley. Many citizens have express
ed a desire for plane service
which will enable them to ar
rive in Portland earlier in the
morning.
The second chamber com
mittee to organize this week
is the governmental opera
tions committee with Robert
D. Hcffernan as chairman, ac
cording to W. J. Williams,
chamber president. The com
mittee has started a series of
weekly breakfast meetings
which will continue through
the present legislative session,
Williams said.
Legislation on all fronts,
federal, state and local, will
be considered by the commit
tee but closest attention will
be given to matters of impor
tance to Medford and Rogue
Valley development, the
Rogue Basin project, pollu
tion of air and water, taxa
tion, and the philosophy of
bonding in Oregon for educa
tion and highways. Controver
sial legislation will be studied
by the committee the same
as any other type, members
informed the chamber.
The committee sessions will
be held each Wednesday at
7:30 a.m. at the Medford ho
tel. Other members of the
chamber of commerce are
invited to attend and partici
pate in the discussions regard
ing matters of importance to
all residents, Hcffernan announced.
draw her 5,700 troops-the
backbone of the UN mission
-by the end of March be
cause of its dispute with .
Red China. '
Maintain Law and Order
Was Secretary General
Thant exceeding the UN
mandate in the Congo? The
original mission of main
taining law and order was
expanaea in vaguely wuru
ed UN resolutions that gave
U Thant wide discretion.
One, adopted Nov. 24,
1961, authorized the United
Nations to use force to
clear the Congo of foreign
mercenaries and advisers.
It also ordered Katanga to
end its secession and back
the Central Government'
efforts to preserve its "Na
tional integrity."
The United Nations ap
parently decided to stake
its authority and future ef
fectiveness on a last-ditch
attempt to solve the Congo
problem, even with force.
-As one state department ob
server remarked, "Thant is
holding a tiger by the tail
-he can't let go."
Some argued that the
United Nations had n o
right to oppose Katanga's
what it wanted.
To this, high state depart
ment officials said the only
historical basis for govern- .
ment in the Congo is that
Belgians au-year-oia l.oi
Fundamental. This "funda
mental law" established a
single federation of the
C o n g o's diverse tribes,
which speak a total of 100
different languages.
aimpjy no sjeyai van
"There simply is no legal
case, no political case, no -economic
case and no moral
case for Balkamzmg the .
heart of Africa," one state
nnnnrimnnr. nmciai saio.
W a s h i n gton denied it
wanted to destroy Tshombe.
Kjn lite f:omrary, lis recuiii .
! T-U U t I .
his secession said specifi
cally tnat mere is no de
sire to deny Mr. Tshomba
a place in the future poli
tical life of the Congo.
Tshombe is one of the
Congo's best-educated, clev
erest and most capable poli
ticians. The United States
wanted him to cooperate
in rebuilding the Congo be
fore his resistance lost him
the support of his people.
President Kennedy, rq-
neciing ai year s ena on ine
Congo and other world
trouble spots, said of his
country's unpopular stand:
"I don t expect that the -
United States will be more
beloved, but I would hope
that we could get more
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