S B
THURSDAY. JANUARY 24, 1963
MEDFOHD MAIL TRIBUNE. MEDFOHD. OREGON
y Thoiriift, SJ, Reviews Uiniiteedl Nloiomis
OS
By RALPH TEATSORTH
Unilod Prn Inltrnslional
United Nations, N.Y.-IUPD-U
Thant of Burma, who pre
sides over a vast earthly en
terprise to build a Utopi
will observe his 54th birth'
day anniversary Tuegda
(Jan. 22) in his usual quiet
way.
It was just another work'
ing day for the United Na
tions Secretary-General. But
on this anniversary he reflect
ed with some satisfaction on
events of the last three
months that have left their
indelible mark on his career,
First was his peacemaker
role in the Cuban crisis last
October. His personal mission
to Havana helped ease what
he had called at the outset the
most dangerous confrontation
of major powers since World
War II.
At the time of his trip to
Cuba. Thant was acting Sec
retary-General. He was called
to that job on Nov. 3, 1961
because of his reputation as
a skilled diplomat and, inci
dentally, because he was the
only man the big powers
could agree upon to succeed
the late Dag Hammarskjold
.Win Full Term
. The Cuban affair establish'
red, in any case, that Thant
is a trouble-shooter of inter
national stature. He was unan
imously elected to a full term
.as Secretary-General on Nov.
30. ,
In his acceptance speech to
the genera' assembly, he rc.
called his own conditions fur
tdklng the assignment: 1)
that an early settlement of
the Congo problem I e reach'
-ed: 2) that the United Na'
-tions be stabilized as "a po
rtent force for peace;" 3) that
he play a "humble" part in
easing tensions and, 4) that
-he prove himself able to
."bridge somewhat the gulf
between the two giants."
Significantly, he put the
'Congo at the top of his pri
orities list.
Thant has staked his own
prestige and that of the Unit
ed Nations on a determina
tion to unify the Congo,
bring it stability and remove
from It the "crisis" label.
Thus, by his own standard,
Thant will measure his suc
cess as secretary . general by
the kind of Congo solution
that is finally achieved.
When he took over the
helm of the UN secretariat,
Hammarskjold had just given
his life trying to clear up the
chaos in the Congo, the world
organization was teetering on
the edge of bankruptcy and
members were split on UN
policies in the Congo.
A less dynamic and dedi
cated man might have been
wallowed up by the magni
tude of the task. But that de
veloped a plan based on the
inflexible minimum demand
that Katanga be forced to re
main in the republic.
Problem Still Horo
The Congo problem is far
from solved after two and
one-half years, but the pros
pects are Improving. For one
thing, it appears M o i s e
Tschombe will not realize his
dream of secession.
Thant is no carbon copy of
Hammarskjold. Yet their alms
and their concept of the job
of the secretary - general are
remarkably similar.
The moon faced Burmese
believes, like Hammarskjold,
In the efficacy of quiet diplo
macy. Thant, perhaps more than
Hammarskjold, subscribes to
the Hegelian theory of syn
thesis - the combination of
the parts (nations) Into
whole (a world united).
He sees a distinct possibil
ity of the United States and
Russia moving towar' better
mutual understanding, per
haps even a new alliance,
Some Grumble
While Thant enjoys wide
spread support among UN
members, this does not go to
the point of unqualified en
dorsement of his every act.
There has been grumbling
over several of his ecisions,
particularly on Congo policy
to which each of the big pow
ers has taken some excep
tion.
The Soviet government is
dissatisfied with the number
of UN jobs held by Russians
and has kept pressure on
Thant to get more. The So
viet acquiesced in the elec
tion of a single UN executive
last November, but have not
given up their stand that
troikc would be better.
The day Thant was elected
secretary general foi a term
of five years from the dale
he became acting secretary
general, U. S. Ambassador
Adlai E. Stevenson said the
American delegation would
have preferred that the five
years date from April, 1963
when Hammarskjold's term
would have expired. The
shorter term was in defer
ence to Thant's own wish.
Currently, Thant has Pres
ident Kennedy's substantial
backing. Nowhere is this more
apparent than in thj U. S.
support of the secretary-gen
eral's "tough" policy in the
Congo. Some of the United
States' chief allies are dis
pleased by this.
But this docs not deter
Thant. from being frank with
Americans. He has said he is
convinced they fail to under
stand the full significance of
Russia s change in political
climate under Khrushchev, or
to appreciate the latter's pro
fessed desire for peace, '
Descriptions of Thant of
ten contain such adjectives as
mild mannered, "a i-spo-
ken," "calm" and "gentle."
These certainly are applic-
ble but they tend to conceal
the iron will of the man. .
A UN diplomat said, "when
you scrape the patina off this
Buddha, you find hard metal
underneath."
Buddhist
"Too many!"
Friends estimate he smokes
upward of 10 a day.
During his trip to Cuba,
Thant gave prime minister
Fidel Castro some of his cher
oots. He was asked later if
Castro smoked them.
"Yes, he lit one and took
a few puffs," Thant replied.
"Then he put it down and
I didn't see him pick it up
again."
Arlsti Early
Thant's working day is not
much different from that he
followed as Burma's ambas
sador to the United Nations.
He's a 6 a.m. riser. He reads,
breakfasts and is driven to
the office by a UN chauffeur,
usually arriving fo.- work
about 9:30 a.m.
When he reaches his 38th
floor office and settles down
to the Scandinavian modern
desk selected by Hammars
kjold, he first reads cables
from Leopoldville and other
sensitive spots. He goes over
number of documents.
After this period of ori
entation, he begins staff
meetings. The participants
vary with the business at
hand. More often than not,
they, include Dr. Ralph J.
Bunche of the United Slates,
Chakravarthi V. Narasimhan
of India, Eugny D. Kisclev of
the Soviet Union, Omar Lout
fi of the United Arab Repub
lic, and his military advisor,
Brigadier Indar Jit Rikhye of
India.
Works at Lunch
Thant is a confirmed Budd
hist and lias said it is a very
practical religion for a dip
lomat. "The teachings of
Buddhism are focused primar
ily on the need to maintain
a mental and emotional equil
ibrium," he explained.
"Buddhism calls for medi
tation and concentration. It
purges passion and evil
thoughts. It is essentially a
religion of peace and love.
It teaches that one will be
more highly esteemed and re
spected if one keeps calm
and has emotional equilibri
um." Thant jolted the diplomatic
set a bit last year with his
diplomatic reference to Ka
tanga chief Moise Tshombc
and his associates as "a bunch
of clowns." Even some who
agreed with that appraisal
felt he should have put it an
other way.
Smokes Cheroots
Thant's affection for ter
ribly black Burmese cheroots
is well known. When asked
the other day whether his ci
gar consumption had gone up
since he became world public
servant No, 1, he replied,
"I'm afrait it has."
"How many do you smoke
per day?"
Lunch is a 90-minute af
fair in his suite between mor
ning and afternoon calls. Usu
ally it is a "working lunch"
with chief assistants. The
food is standard fare from
the UN dining room. Occa
sionally, Thant accepts an in
vitation to lunch in the fourth
floor delegates' dining room.
The hour of decision falls
in the late afternoon. The
mulled over; it's time for ac
tion. The secretary - general
day's problems have been
frequently is called upon to
give the final word, to ap
prove a communique, or to is
sue an order.
When things are wrapped
into a package as neat as
exigencies permit, he may
drop in at a doplomatic party,
especially if it's held ai the
United Nations.
The secretary - general, ex
cept in emergencies, will
leave headquarters between
8:30 and 9.30 p.m. He retires
at about 1 a.m.
He rarely accepts dinner
engagements because he
wants to be home in the eve
ning to preserve some kind of
family life.
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house in the Riverdale sec
tion of northern New York
City overlooks the Hudson
river. It is off the main road
and has a pleasant garden and
swimming pool.
The pool is not just for
looks. Thant is an enthusias
tic swimmer. He dreams of
finding time to engage in the
sport again.
When Thant became acting
secretary - general, he was
living in an 11-room apart
ment on Manhattan's East
72nd street. He moved out
after an unpleasant experi
ence. New York rent control
authorities accused the land
lord of overcharging Thant,
who was not a party to the
action.
The landlord, defending
himself against the state's
charges, said the secretary
ecncral's family and guests
had damaged the premises.
Specific mention was made
of damage allegedly inflicted
by cats.
Some time later, an assist
ant found it necessary to men
tion the painful cat episode
to Thant while the latter was
reading a thick document.
Thant put down t'.ie docu
ment with some emphasis and
said, "from disarmament to
cats. What's next on the
agenda?"
Has Private Lift
The secretary - general in
sists on keeping his private
life just that. His wife is Daw
Thcin Tin (Burmese women
do not change their names
when they marry). Their 22-year-old
daughter, Aye Aye,
a Hunter College graduate,
and her husband, Tyn Myint
U, live with them. The secre
tary . general's only son, Tin
Maung, was killed in an acci
dent in Burma last year.
As acting secretary gener
al, Thant made official visits
to Sweden, Denmark, Britain,
Norway, Switzerland, Ireland,
France, Finland, Brazil, The
Soviet Union, Poland, Czech
oslovakia, Austria and the
United States.
Associates report he "fares
very well under pressure"
and shows amazing w
in his travels despite satura
tion scheduling.
At home he prefers Bur
mese foods. As a traveler, he
is likely to cat a light break
fast of two eggs and coffee.
He prefers beef at his prin
cipal meal. He enjoys a glass
or two of wine with dinner.
He is a light drinker other
wise. His favorite alcoholic
beverages are diaquiri cock
tail and Dubonnet on the
rocks.
Thant has only one name.
The "U" stands for "Uncle'1
or "Respected One." But ha
modestly signs his name
Maung Thant. "Maung"
means "brother" and connotes
a less important station than
"U."
Hardly anyone would dial
lenge the popular belief that
the secretary - general's job
is a "killer."
Thant's own brief comment
on his position speaks vol
umes. "It is a very lonely job,"
he said.
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