Polio Drops Below 1,000 Mark in Spectacular Triumph Today
J ('"! i
r
TREATMENT GIVEN - Rheumatoid arthri- is given a treatment
tis victim, Julian Riley of Manchester, Ga.,
in a whirlpool bath
machine at Warm Springs Foundation. (UPI)
By AL KUETTNER
United Press International
Warms Springs, Ga. - (UPI) -Medical
science has few vic
tories that can stand alongside
the spectacular triumph over
polio.
Last year the total polio
cases ' in the United States
dropped below the 1,000 mark
for the first time since records
were kept. In 1952, a total of
57,876 cases had been re
corded. The victory comes on the
25th anniversary of a project
known to a generation of
Americans as "The March of
Dimes."
That voluntary outpouring
of dimes from school chil
dren, the change from restau
rant checks and the leftovers
from housewives' cookie jar
banks largely financed the re
search that produced revolu
tionary new treatment for vic
tims and finally the immuni
zation of the Salk and Sabin
vaccines.
Fight Wat Varied
The fight against polio had
many skirmishes and many
strategists. There was Miami
Beach Hotclman Henry L.
Doherty, who conceived the
idea of holding $1 admission
dances in every town in the
country on the birthday of
then President Franklin D.
Roosevelt, himself a polio vic
tim. There was comedian Eduie
Cantor, the man credited with
coining the phrase, "The
March of Dimes."
There was Basil O'Connor,
a New York lawyer who be
came the brains of the fund
raising drive that would pay
for the battle.
And there was FDR. Those
who knew him in the early
days of the polio struggle re
called that the President was
the means of giving dignity
to polio sufferers for the first
time. Roosevelt had a deep
love for Warm Springs whose
88-degree water he believed
had special beneficial effects.
He had a "Little White
House" there and died in it
in 1945.
One day McKenzie King,
then Prime Minister of Can
ada, stood at the rim of the
swimming pool that is fed by
springs which flow from in
side nearby Pine Mountain to
a depth of 4,000 feet into the
earth where they are heated
and return to the surface.
King turned to L. Duncan
Cannon, now administrator of
the Georgia Warm Springs
Foundation plant and facili
ties, and asked: "Is it true
that something in the water
helps polio patients?"
"No, Mr. Prime Minister,"
Cannon replied. "You could
heat the water in Toronto and
get the same results.''
The man in the swimming
pool snorted, "Dune, you
sound just like those damned
doctors. I know there's some
thing in this water that helps
me. Why, I can't walk in the
pool at the White House but
I can walk here."
The year was 1933. The
man in the pool was Presi
dent Roosevelt. And there
was no known cure for polio.
March Begins
On Jan. 30, 1934, in an old
abandoned Civilian Conserva
tion Corps building across the
highway from the foundation
and in plush ballrooms around
the nation, bands struck up
melodies and socially-prominent
ladies manned the ticket
counters for the first birth
day balls.
That year about $1 million
was raised and $100,000
was earmarked for the first
research program "to stimu
late and further the meritor
ious work being done in the
field of infantile paralysis."
Research brought changes
in treatment. The standard
for polio patients had been
extreme immobilization in
plaster casts followed, after
many months, with exercise.
By then changes had taken
place in muscles and joints,
making recovery difficult.
Rigid splits were eliminated
and apparatus was developed
that would allow the patient
to exercise early. Muscle re
education became a major
phase of treatment.
"We learned to walk the
tight rope between rest and
activity," said Dr. Robert L.
Bennett, Executive Director
of the Foundation and Chair
man of the Department of
Physical Medicine in Atlanta's
Emory university.
To medical scientists like
Bennett, polio actually be
came something of a blessing
in disguise.
SECTION C
Medford
PAGES 1 to 8
IN NEW BUSINESS-Former airline pilot
Oscar W. Cleal, 43, takes a customer's or
der on the telephone and jots it down for
his secretary. Cleal, whose flying days
ended when a berserk gunman fired a bul
let into his head, rendering him sightless,
has been registered by the New York Stock
Exchange as an authorized broker, an
achievement that required nearly Vt years
of study in the investment securities busi
ness. Cleal works at home in Mcnlo Park,
Calif., and at a Menlo Park investment
office. (UPI)
Pilot Shot by Berserk Gunman
Now Authorized Stock Broker
Mcnlo Park, Calif. - H'PII
Eighteen months ago Oscar W.
Cleal settled himself in the
pilot seat of a Pacific Airline
plane in Chico, Calif., for an
other routine flight in his 15
ycar career with the company.
A few moments later, Bruce
Brill, 40, boarded the DC3
without a ticket and pulled a
gun from his coal when the
ticket agent tried to force
him off. Britt opened fire,
wounding the agent and nar
rowly missing a passenger.
The agent. Bill Hicks, was
ulation agent at Medford,
Ore., airport from 195B until
1959, transferring to Eureka
and then to Chico. He has
since been transferred back
to Medford. where he is asiin
station agent.
He is now able to carry on
his airline duties but is re
stricted in his activities due
to injuries suffered in the
hooting.
Britt is serving a 1 to 14
year term in California's Fol
iom Prison on each of three
counts of attempted murder.
Bullet Fired Into Head
The gunman forced his way
Into the cockpit and ordered
Cleal to take off immediately
for Arkansas. When the pilot
attempted to restrain Britt,
the berserk man fired a bullet
Into deal's head. '
Britt was subdued by the
copilot and other passencers,
end Cleal was rushed to a
hospital where doctors saved
his life. But, he lost one eye
completely and lost the vis-1 "As far as we know, he's
ion in the other. the only blind broker rcgis-
Cleal's flying career wasitered with the slock
over at 42, an age when few
men, especially a blind one,
would consider starting over.
Cleal decided to be an excep
tion. During his convalescence,
after he was released from
the Stanford-Palo Alto Hos
pital, Cleal turned to the in
vestment securities business
in which he long had an in
terest. At his Menlo Park home
with his wife, Evelyn, and
their two children. Lindsay,
7, and Wendy, 4, Cleal stud
ied economics, finance and all
facets of the securities busi
ness. Used Tape Recorder
His wife read to him In
the evenings, and he used
recorded textbooks when she
was busy at her duties as a
housewife.
Last summer he went Into
training with the Mcnlo Park I
office of Shearson, Hammill j
& Co.. a brokerage firm. And j
Monday, after a year and a
half of study, Cleal was reg
istered by the New York
Stock Exchange as an author
ized broker.
James E. Rryan, manager
of the Menlo Park brokerage
office, said Cleal was a full
time secretary and the use
of electronic sound equipment
that enables him to handle
securities work, despite his
blindness.
change,'
friends
him."
ex-
Ryan said. "His
are very proud of
Ascolano
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Ascolano variety olives ire fa
mous tor their size, tenderness
end rich, nut-like flavor, the
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Remember Oberti It's the
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Write for FREE colorful, illus
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.Tribune
MEDFORD. OREGON, THURSDAY, JANUARY 10, 1963
"Polio was God given to
teach us how to care for far
more difficult problems,"
Bennett said.
"Through polio treatment,
we have learned much about
arthritis, broken backs and
necks, the progressive crip
pling diseases, paraplegia (im
mobilization of lower extrem
ities) and quadriplcgia tall ex
tremities)." Still Big Job
There were those who H
uiuiigiu uuu, wun me ena oi
polio, Warm Springs would
have served its purpose. A
tour through the place shows
that nothing is further from
the fact.
Today the Foundation is
treating and rehabilitating a
wide variety of immobilizing
ailments and is operating a
graduate training program in
therapy for doctors and nur
ses. Georgia is building a re
habilitation center on foundation-deeded
properly.
The big job here today, as
in the past, is to return a
patient to normal pursuits,
trained to compensate for par
tial disability. .
In a special function thera
py department, disabled moth
ers are taught with a life
size doll how to care for in
fants. They learn to make
beds, open doors and get into
the family car. They try all
manner of door latches to find
the one they can open best
with fingers, wrists or elbows.
These are all labeled so the
patient knows which one to
order from the carpenter back
home.
The Department is equip
ped with various types of
kitchen and living gadgets at
different heights to suit all
patients. Light switches are
varied, including one that
turns on and off from the
pressure of the tongue.
"The battle fought; the vic
tory won," reads an inscrip
tion on one of the buildings.
But to Bennett and his staff
the victory over polio was
So G
j
-M It I C J I I . Mil an I
TOO! f'Sj
merely the threshold of more
difficult and challenging work
that he feels will still be go
ing on at the 50th and the
100th anniversary of The
March of Dimes.
2330
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