4 B
THURSDAY. JANUARY 3, 19S3
MEDFORD MAIL TRIBUNE, MEDFORD, OREGON
MEDFORD MAIL TRIBUNE. MEDPORD. OREGON
IT SfllCtV OOntrOHCCl bV FAA KlQid TrSffiC ulsSdnd E Q U l D IT! G n "n.Wi.;-im-Men Otherwise an astronautlches.s'' not fou,
F 'mmmmm HVlWlrllVII will, "a lot of heart" may might become headachy, nau- dwellers. The next step was to find Later studies showed tl,a. re",
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THURSDAY. JANUARY 3. 1S63
Editor's notei Each time
there's an air disaster, :ha
public wants io know again
what is being dona to makt
airliner travel safer. Here
is a report on one phase of
the situation.
By AL KUEi TNER
United Press International.
Atlanta -IUP1I- Anyone look
ing toward the main jet run
way of the Atlanta Municipal
airport might have wondered
what kind of foolishness was
being permitted.
A two-engine DC-3 came out
of low clouds to what seemed
to be a normal landing. But
at 200 feet, the pilot gunned
the engines, flashed along the
entire 8,000-foot jet runway
No. 9 and roared back Into
the sky.
In the cockpit, pilot Harold
Little was not indulging in
torn iooicry.
"FAA-2, you are cleared for
a low level approach," said
the voice from the control
tower.
The plane circled and start
Pd down again.
"Give me the high intensity
lights, please," Little said Into
his speaker.
Suddenly, a huge cross
shaped cluster of lights with
a running scries of strobe
bulbs in the center flashed on
at the end of the runway.
Safely Check
' Little, a highly skilled Fed
eral Aviation Agency inspec
tor, was checking if the air
ports instruments and safety
equipment were functioning
to the nth degree. A similar
cheek not long ago showed
that landing instruments were
giving incorrect information.
The runway was closed to
aircraft arriving under severe
weather conditions until the
trouble was corrected.
Little is one of thousands
of experts whose job it is to
make flying as safe as human
ly possible.
When you're in an airliner
in weather so thick you can't
see the wing tips, a team of
Federal Aviation Agency
(FA A) controllers has your
aircraft plainly in sight on
about three radar screens.
Your pilot is in contact wilh
ground stations on up to 10
radio frequencies.
These controllers are Hip
traffic cops for skyways that
have become increasingly
crowded wilh aircraft.
On a normal day, an aver
age of 70,000 persons are in
the air in one of the peak
nours oi travel. An estimated
Sj.000 aircraft are in flight
in me nation at any given
nine oi nay. to Keep this traf
fic sorted out requires not
only rigid traffic rules but
some intricate equipment.
"I remember when I went
lo work at the airport some
years ago, we controlled in
mining and departing air
planes by running out on the
runway wilh a red flag,"
Richard Cosgrove, chief air
port tower controller here,
said.
Part Of Network
Today Cosgrovc's lower Is
part of an FAA air traffic con
trol network thill covers the
southeast and interlocks with
other FAA centers.
One of those regional cen
ters is near Atlanta and is
somewhat typical of the man
ner in which the air traffic
cops work.
It is a bomb-proof structure
with self . contained features
for survival of personnel in
event of nuclear war.
In a room the sue nf a
small (healer - air condition
ed and sound proofed - a
group nf highly trained and
dedicated men under the su
pervision of control center
chief J. B. Smith work at tele
phones and over radar screens.
They have under their control
every aircraft in the skies in
the southeastern United States
- each one designated by
figures and symbols written
on small wooden blocks.
From the moment your
plane takes off, it is visible
as a "blip on the screen of
a radar set before which an
AA controller is sitting.
Your pilot has been given
precise flight instructions by
the FAA.
As your airliner roars off,
your flight is "handed off" by
the local control tower to the
FAA air traffic control cen
ter. There are 17 of these in
the country.
These regional control cen
ters maintain radar surveil
lance oi a Meruit within a
radius of 200 miles. One team
of controllers is keeping tabs
on all aircraft flying at al
titudes of 24,000 leet and
above. Others are watching
planes at lower altitudes.
Airplanes Slacked
When your plane gets with
in about 30 miles of the At
lanta terminal, you are "hand
ed off" to the Atlanta control
tower. If it's between 1 1 a.m.
and noon or from 5 to 6 p.m.,
Atlanta will be the busiest
airport anywhere and you will
have some sky waiting before
you.
Your pilot will be given a
"hold" position in what's call
ed a "slack". While in the
stack, your pilot will circle
at a prescribed altitude (1,000
feet of altitdue between
planes) around a radio beacon.
As one stack is filled, another
is started. Sometimes there
arc as many as eight or 10
of these stacks around the At
lanta terminal. Planes are
peeled off the bottom as the
busy tower brings ships down.
Suppose the weather is bad.
That no -wing -lip visibility
might bother you, but It docs
not faze your pilot. As one put
it, "when we near a busy
airport, we pray for minimum
ceiling and visibility because
that clears out about half the
air traffic."
'More than six out of 10 air
accidents occur at or within
one-half mile of airports, so
the safety precautions are in
tensified in the terminal areas.
Your plane is brought down
through the clouds by instru
ments that double and triple
check against each other. But
in the final analysis, it is the
captain of your craft who de
cides whether he should land.
'Rabbit' Key Lights
At each end of instrument
runways at airports like At
lanta, the raBDil runs in
bad weather. This is the key
part of the Instrument Land-.
ing System (1LS)). these are
the lights you can see on de
clining altitude stands at the
ends of some runways.
When this system is opcrat
ing, strobe lights with an in
tensity of three million can
dlcpowcr for each bulb flash
in scries every two seconds. A
pilot landing in foul weather
sees the lights flashing with
the appearance of bunny-hopping
toward the center of the
runway.
rilots quickly dubbed the
lights "the rabbit" and they
swear by them as among the
finest inventions in aviation.
If these lights can't be seen
by the time the pilot is 200
feet from the ground, he is re
quired lo pass up a landing,
resume altitude and get furth
er instructions from the tow
er. The air enthusiasts can bol
ster with statistics their con
tention it is safer to fly than
to go by some oilier means. In
1961, .31 persons were killed
in plane crashes for every 100
million passenger miles.
Translated, that means you
could figure on circling the
earth 10,400 times in a good
airplane without cracking up.
For the same mileage, the
automobile fatality record
was 2.2 persons, trains .08 and
buses .11.
Narrow Margin
But the pilots are constant
ly after the airlines, the air
ports and the FAA to narrow
the safety margin.
"After all, we're the boys
up front and I've never heard
about one of these things
crashing tail first," said Vie
Hughes, chairman of the Air
Line Pilots Association fira
salety committee here.
With all the safety devices, '
why do we still have acci
dents, you ask the aviation
experts.
"It's all a problem of mo
tion," said Cosgrove. "There's
the explanation that the ele
ment of danger was intro
duced to air travel when Or
ville Wright turned lo his
brother, Wilbur, and said 'let's
build another one'. I guess
that about sums it up."
wilh "a lot of heart" may
be better suited for space
travel than others, a' Univer
sity of Wisconsin Medical
school pathologist indicates.
A man with a large heart
and more numerous and big
ger blood vessels and cells
can belter adjust to the low
oxygen pressure found at
high altitudes, Dr. Enrique
Valdivia said.
"Should the oxygen pres
sure suddenly drop in the
next astronaut's space jhip,"
he said, "he'd have a t-ettcr
chance of surviving : his
cardiovascular system were
so constructed."
seous and out of breath. His
toes and fingers would begin
to tingle. He would probably
even become too weak to
move if the pressure dropped
to half the 760mm. of mer
cury found at sea level.
Researchers now n.ay have
solved the puzzle of how the
mountain Indians of Peru and
Chile manage to work so
hard and avoid disease in the
thin mountain air.
Barrel Chested
Studies indicate these In
dians have unusually large
hearts and huge "barrel
The same factors that helD
the Indians adjust lo the high
altitude may also dp future
astronauts in space ships.
To study how these adapta
tions develop, Valdivia and
his associates hav been
studying guinea pigs who
grow up in a low pressure
environment.
They found that the ani
mals who are native to the
mountains of Peru have many
more capillaries in their mus
cles than lowland specie.". Ca
pillaries are the tiny blood
vessels which help carry oxy
gen lo the body tissues. Thus
out how non-mountain am
mals adapt to high altitudes
Special Chamber
The research team set up
a special pressure chamber in
their UW laboratory which
reproduced the high altitude
environment of the Peruvian
mountains. They discovered
the right ventricle of the
heart pumps blood to the
lungs.
Valdivia concluded that
high blood pressure in the
lung's vessels means extra
work for the heart's pump.
The strained muscles of the
right ventricle must expand
as the animals "clini'cd the
mountains" of the pr ssure
chamber, their capillaries be
gan to increase.
Cell Changes Found
Changes in the animals'
muscle cells were also found.
These cells contained a great
er number of mitochondria
than those control animals
who were left "at home." Mi
tochondria are the cell power
houses which convert body
fuel lo chemical energy. Thus,
high altitude animals have
more energy available.
The doctor's latest research
indicates that the blood itself
responds to low pressure. Red
blood cells, which carry oxv-
gen, increase In number and
size, apparently to help them
operate more efficiently.
All these factors-nigh blood
pressure, strain on the right
side of the heart, oversized
blood cells - offer clues to
further heart research, Val
divia said. He is now seeking
the relationship of these fac
tors to heart failure.
His present studies are sup
ported by the UW Research
committee. Wisconsin Heart
association and National In
stitutes of Health.
B 5
Exclusive Hotel Caters
To Research Volunteers
By ROBERT MUSEL
United Press International
London ll'PB The manage
ment of Britain's most ex
clusive hotel is delighted to
be able to report that it can
now guarantee most of its
guests a streaming cold.
And this little announce
ment, extracted from a scien
tific paper, should be good
news all around the world for
it means that British scien
tists arc at last in sight nf a
breakthrough In the cure of
the common cold.
This breakthrough could
come in 1963 - although re
search workers at the Har
vard hospital in Salisbury
have long since learned not
to underestimate the baffling
virus which is apparently re
sponsible for our watering
eyes and plugged noses.
Happily sneezing away to
day in isolation huts on the
grounns of the hospital are
the volunteers who in relays
since 194B have acted as hu
man guinea pigs In one of the
most intensive attacks ever
Hugging Collar Good
Sign of Fit in Furs
Chicago - flpr - The first
thing to do when purchasing
a fur coat is In look at the
back of the neck, says A. L.
Mellzer. founder of the Evans
Fur company, a firm lh.it
boasts more women buy furs
from it than anywhere else.
M e 1 1 ze r said Ihe collar
should hug the neckline so
that the coat rests on the
shoulders where II belongs.
Be sure the coal Isn't cut loo
low, pulling the coat away
from Hie neckline.
Dried Milk and Eggs
Show No Flavor loss
Chicago - (I'PIl - The G.I.
who turned up his nose at
dried milk and eggs during
World War 11 wouldn't recog
nize thn.se products now.
The chemical Industry has
developed a jet spray di ver
that not only dries eggs and
milk, hut nlher foodstuffs,
with little or no loss of taste
and quality, according to a
paper read at a recoil imvt
ing nf ihe American Instltu'e
Chemical Engineers here, i
mi?
c
I
U.IIamilJI i" .
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4!
UJlU
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rrm
ii i
I V - 1
I ek I
l iiU
WHITE SATIN
limit 2 bags please
66
lb. bag
00
99
BIG Y
auu
at Tar
BAKERY
DONUTS
SNOWDRIFT
hortenin
COTTAGE
limit 5 lim please
J
lb. tin
No. 1
tins
DETERGENT
limit 1 box
iant Ti
GIANT
SIZE
BOX
HILLS BROS.
Coffee - 49c 2 97e
6-oz. Instant 79c 10-oz. Instant $1.19
mmum 5s1
29
98
499
CUT-RITE
WAX PAPER
125-R. Roll
Abundant with lean,
meaty pork . . .
PICNIC
STYLE
BUTTER
3-lb. Jar
SNIDERS CHILI PEPPER
Tomato Catsup l0;le
FRUIT COCKTAIL
Hunts
TREASURE
300 Tin
BRAND
00
TOILET TISSUE
Waldorf . . . Facial Quality
4 Roll Pkg.
n Sfioo
limit 1
m i for
plena I
SLAB
BACON
Midway . Any Site
Pioca
lb.
U S D. A. CHOICE
V)
mmmmmm
fffl HOBS?
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pound J
m
SAUSAGE
ROLLS
NEBERGAll - Pura
,b79c 1 3 pwi- I
IB
0 kmibs n, IXJUTJ I
I I INDIAN
I I FRESH
Navel Oranges
L I
WHOLE WHEAT
n
2-
v- J
DOZEN!
GERMAN CHOCOLATE
v3 K C Ro9ue Val,ey Favori,e
RAISIN NUT
Bread
15-oi.
loaf
Perfect for toast .
2
DELICIOUS
GOODNESS
IN EVERY
BITE!
Banana Nut Loaf
Date Nut Loaf
RIVER FLORIDA
Grapefruit
Apple Loaf
J Buy One at Regular 49e
2nd loaf...lc
I TOTAL .... 2-Loaves 50c
GROWN
Cello Bag
FRESH and FW
YELLOW ONIONS
Delicately Flavored
AVOCADOS
Klamath No. 1
POTATOES
lbs.
MAJESTIC-PURE PORK
LUNCHEON MEAT 2:
PILLSBURY-White, Choc, Yellow
LOAF CAKE Pkg
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CREAMERY BUTTER !
ea.
10
cello
MARKET BRAND
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No. 2 Tin
39
; 5S
FRUIT PIES
Chat's Frezan Calftf)
8-Inch Pi
All Varieties
for
MEAT PIES
Chefs 8-Oi. Pkg. M CC ,
, Beef Turkey-Chicken
I for
STRAWBERRIES
5-95'
Super Market
FROZEN.
10-Or. Pkg
ORANGE JUICE
$400
Minute Maid
PURE FROZEN
6-Oi. Tin
I for
Steak
Young Grain
Fed Pork
CANNED
PICNICS
ARMOUR STAR
5 5098
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ri
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limit rights
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SHOPPlNGfflPl
53
f i
n
SCOTTIES
400 Count Reg. 29c
"9 7, jk-A--m
no sales
to dealers
OPEN
9 tog
a.m. p.m.
Every Day
ALWAYS A
PLACE TO
PARK
FREE!
TT
J2i
"Melu"
Away lea
at the press
of a buttonl
NOW ONLY
1 FREE J
THREE-PIECE
DOUBLE WOOL
KNIT ENSEMBLE
WITH HANDBAG
TOTAL VALUE $37.95
NOTHING TO BUY . . . Juit go to
tht Apparel Shop upstairs and reg
isrer your nam and addrass! Draw
ing Jan. 9, 10 A.M., in tht Ap
partl Shop on the mtzunint.
Winntr'i nam will bo posted on
the mezianine.
LAST WEEK'S WINNER:
Almyra Walter, 807 Gibbon Rd,
Central Point, Ore.
n mi 7
V7 iV ii
Girls
COATS
ENORMOUS
SELECTION
NOW
DRASTICALLY
REDUCEDI
Sizes 2 to 14
Valuat to $21.95
99
to
SUBTEENS - 8 to 14
Values to $24.95
199
to
r
95 I I
17"
16
PRESTONE
ANTIFREEZE
T4g)
I I Gallon
Women's Storm Coats
Sizes 10 to 18
Values to $19.95
Mil
WHILE
SUPPLY
LASTS
WOMEN'S
W00L SK,RTS
Men's Dress
SHOES
BOYS & GIRLS
RAIN BOOTS
Ovenhoa
WOOL SWEATERS
$V199
One Entire Table Full
$5.99 pair
Values to $11.95
Lined 1 J
White, Red II j I
Jr-JJ I
launched against any malady
of man.
Good Accommodations
More than 7,500 uf them
have offered their respiratory
tracts to science in return for
10 days of good hotel-like ac
commodation at Salisbury
with three (food square meals
served in the rooms and three
shillings a day (42 cents)
pocket money.
The intrepid British came
forward in their thousands
16 years ago when the Medi
cal Research Council and the
Ministry of Health, In a joint
appeal, stated that science
could learn nothing further
about colds from the guinea
Pig or the chimpanzee and
needed human subjects.
Many of the guests, until
this past year or two, went
home well-rested, without a
single symptom of cold, be
cause of the cussedness of the
offending virus which refused
to act in any predictable man
ner. One old wives' tale after
another was shattered. Men
and women sat in drafts, were
drenched with water and al
lowed to dry off in the chill
air, chummed around with
people who had colds and
even had fluid from cold aui-,
fcrers transferred to the '
own noses.
Faw Cot Colds
Far fewer of them got colds
than the disappointed scien
tists hoped would be the case.
Obviously the old wives-and
the rest of humanity - got
their colds from something
else. And only in the past
year or so have the scientists
at Salisbury begun to find out
from what.
In a summary of the work
of Harvard -hospital, Its di
rector, Dr. M. L. Bynoe, re
ported that the common cold
research unit had discovered
a new group of viruses known
as "rhinoviruses" and that
volunteers infected with these
definitely caught colds.
In science, learning how a
thing happens is only one step
away from learning how tn
keep it from happenine. Sn
Bynoe's paper was greet-
Dr.
IPS M W,; SlM M SJ
. t . . ; !
i 1
DRISTAN vi T8
CORICIDir. "D"SL8
?VICKS TRISPAN W
i? AIM SELTZER M
EV3ICRIN ANTISEPTIC
Mouthwash
Large 14-oi.
Reg. 98c
AUTOMATIC
ELECTRIC
VAPORIZER
Runs all night en one fi
j??ii'.J ' ing Fool proof Automatic
Rog. $6.95
ANACIN TABLETS
Bottle of
100
Reg. $1.25
r
i
IRONIZED YEAST
$1139
240
Count
Reg. $2.49
WJ,
WW
HEATING
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Three Positive Heats
One year guarantee
"Century" label
$5)99
Ul Reg. $3.69
OTHERS TO $12.95
fvi
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Toothpaste
Reg. 89c Size
Only
Hnftanfl
LOTION
Wintertime, Summertime,
Vacttiontime... anytime. Wind
and Weather Cream or Lotion
is your bait buy. Especially
now when it's at hall price.
Lotion in 12-ounre unbretk.
ahl plaitic bottle
Rulorly $2 00. NOW $1.00
GERITOL LIQUID
$1198
12-ounce
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Reg. $2.98
r
VICKS VAPOSTEAM
OK
Guarantied not to
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3 Ounce Bottle
Reg. 98e
o
f.iby ihe medieal periodical
inc rracuuoner' with the
words: "It now looks as if a
breakthrough were in sight."
wjun mis win occur
is unpredictable," The Prac
titioner said editorially, "but
the mere fact that it is even
in sight is a notable tribute to
the patience and ingenuity of
the common cold research
unit."
Dr. Bynoe gave this outline
of the current knowledge ot
science about man'a most
widespread ailment:
Colds are spread hv nr.
sonal contact and children are
the best spreaders of th in.
fection.
Inhalation One Cause
Transmission seems to oc
cur by inhalation of infected
droplets but this is not the
whole story because many
volunteers exposed to cold
sufferers do not catch It. In
these cases the virus had to
be dropped up their noses be
fore they succumbed.
Colds die out in closed com
munities, such as Soitzbercen
and the island of Tristan da
Cunha (recently evacuated be
cause of an erupting volcano)
but they recur when the com
munity Is visited by a ship
even mougn those on board
may not have colds.
This suggests the possibility
that there are "cold carriers,"
people who have the virus
without any cold symptoms.
Why we get more colds In
winter is still uncertain. Low
temperature itself cannot be
the cause since polar explor
ers living In intense cold do
not suffer from colds. Damp
ness and chills apparently
aren't guilty either as the hu
man volunteers proved.
Humidity Important
Humidity may be impor
tant - a relationship has been
noticed between the onset of
autumn colds and the lower
ing of relative humidity in
doors. It may be possible to pre
pare a vaccine giving protec
tion against one or more
rhinoviruses and this Is being
studied but the trouble is
there are so many different
types nf virus.
In this connection research
Is continuing Into "inteferon,"
a substance discovered tn cells
by one of the unit's execu
tives, Dr. Aleck Isaacs, which
appears to Inhibit the growth
of viruses.
It will shortly be tested in
volunteers.
In Its continuing research
Harvard hospital is tempting
volunteers with the sort of
brochure a hotel puts out ex
tolling the opportunity to rest,
(when not sneezing, of
course), or to Indulge tn in
door and outdoor games "not
Involving more than two per
sons." Isolated In Couples
This is because the volun
teers are now Isolated in twos
after solitary accommodation
proved loo lonely for the first
arrivals. Married couples are
encouraged and, the brochure
says, "almost all have enjoyed
their stay and have thought it
worth (.-etching nothing more
than a Mimmrin rold."