MEDFORD MAIL TRIBUNE. MEDFORD, OREGON
WEDNESDAY. JANUARY 2. 1963
Only Four Countries Expected To Hold Power in NATO Nuclear Force
Washington - WPU - Actual
power under the "Nassau
Plan" for a mulli nation
NATO nuclear defense force,
if it ever comes into being,
probably will be held by no
more than four countries -the
United States, Britain,
France and West Germany.
And the United States will
assign only a fraction of its
massive nuclear military pow
er to NATO control, since it
must have veto-free ability to
cover commitments ranging
far beyond Western Europe.
These facts emerged from
OPS-Blue Shield
Announces Plan
Portland - IUP1I - A new
medical - hospital coverage
plan for individuals and fami
lies was announced Tuesday
by Oregon Physicians Service-Blue
Shield.
The announce m e n t said
some OPS-Blue Shield sub
scribers will be transferred
automatically to the new plan.
Others may apply for transfer.
The plan includes coverase
for major and minor surgery,
office visits for accidental in
jury, some consultation with
specialists, non surgical hos
pital visits, and laboratory
services for accidental injury.
CBS - Blue Shield said the
plan extends some benefits. II
also reduces the waiting per
iod for maternity coverage.
The announcement said any
person under 60 may apply
for coverage under the new
plan. Persons over 60 may
apply if they are leaving
another OPS plan.
PLAN RESCUE ATTEMPT
Asahikawa, J a p a n UIPH
Mountain climbers planned
an attempt today to rescue
nine Japanese college stu
dents trapped high up on Ml.
Ashidate. The snowy moun
tain is on Japan's northern
most island, Hokkaido. The
Kyodo news agency said a
10th member of the party
died when he fell into a vol
cano crater.
talks with administration of
ficials who were trying to ex
plain just what it was that
President Kennedy and Brit
ish Prime Minister Harold
Macmillan agreed upon at
their pre-Christmas meeting
in the Bahamas.
Cost Factor Cited
Officials said the cost factor
alone, aside from technical
limitations, would make it
impossible for the 11 other
NATO countries to have their
own nuclear forces within the
framework of the multi-lateral
program.
The United States has told
the allies what the program
will cost the participants and
has warned that it does not
intend to underwrite the ex
pense of creating any "hon
orary" nuclear powers. But
Kennedy and Macmillan said
the force would be created -hopefully
by 1970 - in "con
sultation" with all NATO
countries and subject to as
signment to NATO command
targets.
The Nassau plan appears to
most Western diplomats at
this stage to be more of a
political outline for realistic
long-range military planning
than a specific military pro
gram. U. S. officials admitted
there were many questions
that could not yet be answer
ed. Other Objectives Seen
The plan, in addition to
Senator's Home in
Capital Ransacked
Washington-IUPD-Police re
ported Tuesday that the home
of Sen. Clinton P. Anderson
(D-N.M.) was broken into and
ransacked last week end.
The s e n a t o r's secretary,
Luna E. Diamond, told police
she found the residence total
ly ranracked. Police said en
try to the home had been
forced through a rear window
in the kitchen, and that a
screen was cut out.
Anderson is in New Mexico
and is not expected to return
to Washington until next
week.
carrying forward Kennedy's
theory that nuclear defense
of the West is "in livisible,''
appeared to have other objec
tives, including prevention of
the spread of nuclear weapons
to countries in the West which
do not now have them or
possess the clear capability of
developing them.
Diplomatic observers said
the plan, if successful, ob
viously would:
-Discourage French Presi
dent Charles de Gaulle's pres
ently primitive but eventually
dangerous plan to create an
independent French nuclear
force which might be used
without the consent of other
allies by offering him muh
more sophisticated nuclear
weapons than he can hope lo
achieve by 1970, if he will
join the plan.
-Provide a framework with
in which to control any nu
clear force which West Ger
many might at some future
date decide it wanted to
create. Creation of an inde
pendent German force might
spark an unpredictable Rus
sian reaction since one of Mos
cow's major fears concern
what the Russians call re
surgent German militarism."
De Gaulle Silent
There has been no reaction
from De Gaulle as yet to the
Presidcnl's invitation for him
to join the Nassau plan on
terms similar lo those given
the British. The British will
receive U. S. Polaris missiles,
minus the nuclear warheads
at cost and use them on sub
marines to be built by Britain
from blueprints supplied bv
the United Stales. It probablv
would require congressional
action lo authorize the ad-
(ministration lo supply similar
blueprints to France, since
the McMahon act limits "nu
clear sharing" to the British.
And the French may require
British help in developing a
nuclear warhead with which
to arm the Polaris missile.
But administration officials
appear confident these prob
lems can be surmounted.
The U. S. ambassador to
France, Charles. E. Bohlen,
leaves for Paris in a day or
two and will seek De Gaulle's
reaction to the British-American
program and Kennedy's
invitation for France to join
it.
Officials here do not expect
an early answer one way or
the other. They think he will
want to study the long-range
implications thoroughly he
fore indicating what he thinks
of the whole idea.
American officials also plan
bilateral talks with the West
Germans, but the initial con
versations will concern the
general concept of the plan
sibilily of eventual West Ger
man participation.
The invitation to France
offers De Gaulle two obvious
advantages which may or may
not outweigh his desire to
further French "prestige" by
creating an Independent nu
clear force for his country.
These advantages are:
-A considerable step toward
recognition of his long-stand-
rather than the specific pos-I ing demand that France he
, t v n ,
. i , ft v i rrfi
Earl M. Miller and County Commissioner
Edwin Taylor. A reception for Mrs. Offen
bacher and Wendl, who is leaving Ihe coun
ty court after eight years, was held Friday
in the courthouse. Wives of the county court
members. Mrs. Taylor, Mrs. Wendt and Mrs.
Miller, served.
PRESENTATION Mrs. Delpha Offenbach
er, retiring county court secretary, second
from left, received a copy of a county court
motion commending her for her long serv
ices lo the county Friday. Holding the docu
ment in an embossed white leather folder
arc from left: County Commissioner Chester
Wendt, Mrs. Offenbacher, County Judge
given a position of equality , cussed and may be very in
with Britain and the United volvcd.
Stales in Western strategy
leadership.
The opportunity lo receive
the Polaris engine, which is
far beyond anything France
can hope to achieve in the
way of precision with her
present small machine tool
industry.
However, De Gaulle holds
some high cards which he
might decide to use in an ef
fort lo weaken the Anglo
American relationship which
he complains of as a special
"Anglo-Saxon" tieup that does
not take into full account the
realities of the European situ
ation. He is in a position:
-To block Britain's entry
into the European Common
Market by insisting on terms
which would sabotage Ihe
British Commonwealth rela
tionship. -He could seek closer re
lations with the Soviet Union
and then attempt to create in
Western Europe a "third
force" with the idea of hold
ing enough strength to tip
the balance of power between
Russia and the Uniled States
in cither direction.
Interim Measure
Britain and the United
States agreed at Nassau lo
allocate some of their nuclear
bombs and tactical nuclear
forces in Europe to NATO at
once as an interim measure.
The language indicated this
meant they would be assigned
to NATO targets but not
necessarily entirely under
NATO command.
The long-range multi-nation
defense strategy calls for the
U. S.-supplied Polaris missiles
to be "assigned as part of a
NATO nuclear force and tar
geted in accordance with
NATO plans." But officials
acknowledged that the Im
portant question of who holds
the trigger has not been dis-
Thc Polaris forces could be
used independently by Ihe
British and presumably by
the French outside of NATO
only when "supreme national
interests are at stake."
The United Slates, in addi
tion to warning most of its
NATO allies they cannot af
ford their own nuclear forces,
has urged them to build up
their conventional forces to
the goals they promised some
years ago.
The United Slates, which
holds 1)5 per cent of the West
ern world's nuclear military
power, is the only NATO
country which has fulfilled its
promises on conventional
forces by putting In Europe
all the troops it promised.
The United States is making
it plain to its allies that thi
one - sided situation cannot
continue indefinitely.
.. 772-6128
Phone w or
i
Your Money's
Worth
By SYLVIA PORTER
Copyright, Hall Syndicate, Inc.
KHRUSHCHEV SUBMITS A 'STALINIST BUDGET'
(First of a two-pari series)
The Kremlin has pulled another fast one on the Russian
people.
Nikita Khrushchev wrapped up the Soviet's all-time rec
ord 1963 budget of 86.1 billion rubles in bright promises of
more and better consumer goods, higher agricultural output,
stepped up industrial production. But a breakdown of the
actual budget figures - which have just become available
here - reveals a startlingly different story.
The 19C3 Soviet budget will do nothing lo end Ihe grim .
shortages of food and clothing in Russia. It will do nothing :
to shift Soviet spending on heavy industry to light (consumer
goods) industry. In fact, although the Kremlin has stopped
revealing the ratio of spending on heavy industry versus
light manufacturing, the informed estimate is that it is nine
rubles for heavy industry to one for consumer goods. j
The budget actually cuts appropriations for Russia's
crippled farm economy. In the face of Khrushchev's re
peated speeches about doing so much for agriculture, the
percentage going for agriculture it down from 10 per cent
in 1962 lo 7 per cent in 1963.
Although the amount earmarked for industry is 26 per
cent against 23 per cent last year, the total allocated to des
perately needed housing is still less than a meager 5 per cent.
Question: How. then, will the 3 4 billion ruble difference
between last year's budget of 82.7 billion rubles and this
year's budget of 86.1 billion rubles be spent?
Answer: On hot war armaments and cold war efforts
In the fields of educations, propaganda and science.
"It is a Stalinist budget," concluded Dr. Ellsworth Ray
mond, professor in charge of Russian Area Studies at New
York University and a long-time expert on Russian finances.
In an interview.
"The emphasis is still on heavy industry and armaments
at the expense of the civilian economy. The agricultural
allotment is not only reduced but also three-fifths of the
appropriations go to state farms which have only one-third
of the total acreage. The Russian leaders don't separate hous
ing from "industry spending," because they arc ashamed to
saw how badly they are doing in this area. They don't dare
admit publicly the nine-to-one ratio of spending for heavy
industry as against consumer goods.
"Here," in the 1963 budget, is the hard proof that the
Soviet system hasn't changed since Stalin's death."
It was on Dec. 10 that Soviet Finance Minister Garbuznv
submitted the 196,1 budget to the Supreme Soviet (Parlia
ment) amidst much shouting about Ihe goals of more and
better food and goods for the people. Raymond, however,
refused to accept the published reports until "Pravda" ar
rived here with the detailed statistics and he could break
them down for himself. What he finds is hardly what the
Kremlin claimed.
For instance, Krushchev frequently boasts that the Soviet
Union spends only about 16 per cent of ils budget on defense
while the United Stales spends more than half of ils budget
on defense. (The budgets are simply not comparable be
cause the Soviet budget is the only budget in Russia, in
cludes all that would be in our stale, city and village hud
gets as well as the Russian equivalent of what we spend on
private education and of what our industry spends on mod
ernisation and expansion of factories.)
Khrushchev's claim ll nonsense lo begin with, there
fore. Moreover, the Soviets hide their military spending
by splitting up the outlays among other sectors of their
economy. "Much of the science, education and propaganda
spending will be for military needs and this takes 16 per
cent of the budget," Raymond emphasises, A good pari
of the 26 per cent earmarked for industry spending alio
will be for military needs; industry spending includes
lubsidies for defense plants. Most of the scientists paid
by the government are working on military projects."
Finally, the Soviet budiiet includes a category marked
"secret" which accounts for S per cent of all spending. "Here
Is where spending for rockets, H-bombs and military hard
ware is concealed."
Ravmond estimates that at least half nf Ihe 19113 RusMan
budget will go directly or indirectly to the military
The phonincss of the Russian budget is shocking in it
self It is particularly so this year because the Russian peo
ple have been led lo believe that at last, the Kremlin is
shifting some spending to Taisc their living standards Ivan
doesn't know it but he has been taken by his rulers again.
Next: Ivan also pays for almost the whole works
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