14 A
MONDAY. DECEMBER 31. 1962
MEDFOHD MAIL TRIBUNE, MEDFORD. OREGON
b m n n n
lie r fain gT?s i:s
L'l
iJ U U Vi
Four Years Under -Fidel Sastr
'V : . , : .'M -iZl.f,.-. ! Edilor-. nole: Four years!
tl ,S. . ; ' .' Mi, ' . f 7! r .' ' I ago Tuesday Fide! Castro
PROCLAMATION SIGNED - On Jan. 1,
1863, President Lincoln signed the Emanci
pation Proclamation and the slaves were
free. Also on that day the President looked
toward the New Year. There was little fav
orable news to consider; the Union Army
was demoralized near Fredericksburg, Va.,
and morale was generally low. He could
I - ft i
Lincoln, Seward Siqn
By MERTON T. AKERS
UPI Correspondent
President Lincoln shook
hands all morning on Jan. 1,
1863,' first with cabinet mem
bers, then with officers of
the armed services and later
with citizens who called at
the White House to wish him
a Happy New Year.
The day was wet and White
House servants covered the
rugs in the Blue Room, where
Lincoln received, to catch the
mud scuffed from dirty boots.
Soon after noon Secretary
of Slate William H. Seward
and his son, Frederick, went
to the White House carrying
an engrossed copy of the Pres
ident's permanent Emancipa
tion Proclamation.
Lincoln was alone when
the Sewards entered his of
fice. The President spread
the engrossed proclamation
on a table and dipped his pen.
Willi it poised, he said to the
Sewards:
"I never, In my life, felt
more certain that I was doing
right, than 1 do in signing
this paper. But I have been
receiving calls and shaking
hands since nine o'clock this
morning, till my arm is stiff
and numb. Now this signature
is one that will be closely ex
amined, and if they find my
hand trembled they will say,
'he had some compunction.'
But anyway, it's going to be
done."
Then he wrole in firm
script, "Abraham Lincoln," at
the bottom of the proclama
tion. Signed by Seward
Seward signed it also and
with that the slaves were
freed - the slaves, that is.
who bi'longcrl In nnyono "in
rebellion against the United
States."
At the Smith plantation on
Port Royal Island, one of
the Sea Islands on the South
Carolina coast, there was a
unique celebration that New
Year's Day.
Port Royal Island had been ;
captured by the Federals in 1
November I8(il.
Soon the islands were ',
crowded by esc:tpt'd .slaves. '
The army first put them to j
work and then besan recruit
ing them into military units.
New Year's was to be a
special day for the newly lib
erated slaves.
They roasted 10 beeves and
made 10 barrels of nini.ss"s
and water, a mild drink con
sisting of three gallons (if
molasses, half a pound of
Hor and a quart of vinegar
to a barrel of water a
drink described as "destined
to cheer but not inebriate."
Tlie Netiro soldiers in red
Zouave pants and blue coats
stood at attention in a crowd
of ex slaves and onlookers.
The colonel of the rei:i
ni v n t. Thomas Wentworth
HiiUinson. a dedicated abo
litionist of New Kokand, a
minister and a man of letters,
later described the scene:
Beqan With Prayer
"The services bean at half
past eleven o'clock, with a
prayer. Then the President's
proclamation wa read bv
Dr. W. 11 Hib:vn. ;, thine
infinitely appropriate, a
South Caml man addressing
South Carolinians, f r he was
reared anion; thee very is
lands, and here lonn since
emancipated his own slaves
Then the colors were present
ed to us by the Rev Mr.
Kranch. a c'i.ip!,un who
brought them from the d n
ofs in New York All this
was according ;o pnir.imoir
"Then followed an incident
so simple, so touch. im;. , ut
terly unexpected and slart
linil, that I can si-arc ly be
live it on recalling tho'.ujh it
jiave the keynote to the w hole
day
'The er moimni ;-e
speaker had ceased, and just
r 1 took and waved the
Bffl B3 SPS tm 2X3
SG1V1L
flag . . . there suddenly arose,
close beside the platform, a
strong male voice (but rather
cracked and elderly), inlo
which two women's voices in
stantly blended, singing as if
by an impulse that could no
longer be repressed than the
morning note of a song soar
row -
" 'My country, 'tis of thee,
Sweet land of liberty,
Of thee I sing.'
"People looked at each
other and then at us on the
platform- . . . Firmly and ir
repressibly the quavering
voices sang on, verse after
verse .
it made all other !
words seem cheap; it seemed
the choked voice of a race at
last unloosed . . . Just think
of it! - the first day they ever
had a country, the first flag
they ever had seen which
promised anything to their
people ..."
When the song ended, llig
ginson wrote, "tears were
everywhere."
Besides the proclamation,
the effect of which remained
to be seen, Lincoln could find
little else that day on the fav
orable side.
What of 1863? What did
the young year hold for Lin
coln and the Union? For Jef
ferson Davis and the Confed
eracy? Lincoln could read the facts
only too well.
The Army of the Potomac
lay demoralized across the
Rappahannock River from
j Fredericksburg, Va., where it
had spilled a torrent of blood
I in vain two weeks before.
Morale collapsed and deser
tions jumped to 5,000 a
month. Men who had storm-
! cd at Ma rye's Heights at,';iinst I
!a parapet of cannon fire now
: developed scurvy from a
j hardtack and pork diet. Filly
i miles away Washington civ- '
i ilians toasted the New Ycjr
in champagne. i
Told To Hold Up
The army's commander.
Mnj. Gen. Ambrose E. Burn
side, was chafing to send this
beaten army on another win
ter campaign and perhaps -as
far ns Lincoln knew - into
another disaster like Frod-
I ericksburi;. which had moved
I Lee to say "it is well that war
, is so terrible we should
; mow too fond of it."
Lincoln hesitated and told
I Burnside to hold up the cam
i pa i fin. On this New Year's
1 d a y L i n co 1 n w ro 1 e an o rd e r
, to Maj. Cien. Henry V Hal
, leek, commander of all the
I'nion armies, to go to P.urn
side s Headquarters, confer
j with him and his staff and
i make a recommendation on
i the proposed campaign.
Out West the political and
j military situations were no
better, per bans worse. The
old Northwest - Ohio, Indi
ana and Illinois - was rest-
less. Traditionally Democrat-
: ic. these states seemed to be
losing their war spirit The
Democrats were bt winning to
believe what had started out
( to be a war to save the I'nion
now w ;k heeommiug a Re
publican war to dostroy
slavery. The old Northwest
furnished loo many men. too
much money and too much
' food to be neglected.
There was a flurry of fiizht
im; as the year ended Mai.
Cen William T Sherman
was fighting aboe Vick-burg
and Mai. Oen. W:Miam S
Rosocrans was f mhting at
Murfreehoro T c n n on
Stones Iivcr
On Now Y.-.irs iV.y l.oi
ro!n kr-i-v t!-.r iv.i'.vt.'irc .if
nri:hor b;itilv
P;) is wouid rv.id a hv-c':-rr
p;iiir.
Year Better tot South
The ye;ir of IPfij h;ui hot n
be! I or for tin South :n:m Im
North, but bv N'( w Yo.ir
mmh d li'.it s unt' hoi;
Tho Rirhmond K,iniini"
overs t.dod tho s;i-o .md t-. 1 T ' -rf
S. I
only look toward a year of difficult fighting
and more political unrest within his own
party. The winter was a iiard one and the
prospects in the field were dimmed by the .
weather. Here, in a drawing from the Li
brary of Congress collection, Union forces
are shown as they moved into winter quar
ters just before the first of the year. (UPI) :
mm '
WE
S 1
Dec. 31 "The
last day of a
terrible year."
Christmas had been a lit
tle merrier in Richmond than
in thP ' trn,.i i,i u.rk
were Sll each and shoes $33
pair.
Snowstorm piled on snow-
! storm as the year ended and
i fuel prices soared - wood was
j$18 a cord. Eggs, butler and
' potatoes were available but
! fresh meat and chickens were
not to be bought,
i A note of sadness creDt into
a letter Gen. Lee wrote to his
wjfn, Mary, on Christmas day
with the memory of his vic
tory at Fredericksburg still
fresh in his mind:
"I will commence this holy
day dearest Mary by writing
to you ... I pray that on this
dav when 'pence and good
will' are preached to all man
kind, that better thoughts will
fill the hearts of our enimies
and turn them to peace . . ,'"
i
9475
WaJiSiaha. for
TEEN-AGE FASHION
MODEL DOLL
I No ordm uy doll clothes
i are !he-e they're Lkunnrous
i high-lasmon patterns created
i for the teen model 'vho's prin
, ces of the doil world. Save
i dollars use scraps.
Printed Pattern !47.V Ten
iitem wardrobe for IPj-inch
I teen f;'s!uon model doli.
FIFTY CK.Vl'S m corns for
1 this pattern add 10 cents
for e.n-'.i pattern tor first-eias
mad Send to ?!;in.,n M,.r';n.
i tern Dent.. So.) Wi st 1 oih St..
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LEA RAfi?luP, fm
J Fifth
nd BartleU
seized power in Cuba follow
ing the pre-dawn flight of
President Fulgencio' Batista.
Since then Cuba under Castro
has become a beachhead for
communism in the Americas.
UPI correspondent Francis L.
McCarthy, who was in Cuba
at the time of the revolt, re-
viowc in thn f nl let win a flis-
1 natrk (ha PiiKfln trancitinn tin.
I
dcr Castro.
b francis r.. McCarthy
United Press International
Latin American News Editor
Cuban diclalor Fulgencio
Batista fled Havana in the
grey, early morning hours of
New Year's Day, 1U59. Within
hours, followers of Fidel
Casiro seized power for the
young revolutionary.
In the four years that have
elapsed since the beginning
of the Castro government, '.he
Cuban transition from democ
racy to dictatorship has been
complete.
Cuba is today the first
Soviet satellite' in the Amer
icas. Cubans, plagued by nearly
three years of civil strife and
restricted civil liberties,
hailed Batista's flight. They
welcomed Castro as a "liber
ator." Few of thorn anticipated the
fate in store for themselves
under Castro's rule. Cuban or
ganized labor has been ship
ped of its social gains, '.lie
j people as a whole have been
deprived of their civil rights,
i Seizes Property
1 In the four years that.
I Castro has been in power, tens
of thousands of privately
owned businesses have been
confiscated, more than a quar
ter of a million Cubans have
been driven into exile and
several billions of dollars in
foreign assets and capital in
vestment have been seized
without compensation.
American investors alone
have lost more than SI. 4 j
billion in Cuba.
Castro has admitted the
"execution" of more than
1.000 known enemies. His
political foes in exile claim
the list of 'firing squad vic
tims actually exceeds the
3.000 mark.
At least 50.000 of Castro's
; political foes languish in jails
land concentration camps
! thrnni'hniit Cuba for their nil-
position to his regime.
Four years after his seizure
of power, Castro is today
from the military sense
still the master of Cuba.
Hundreds of thousands of
tons of Soviet military equip
ment at an expenditure of
more than S100 million, and
the creation of an armed
force of an estimated 300,000
men and women ten times
the size of any previous Cuban
army have seen to that.
Takes lis Toll
Economically, the four
years of socialist "destruc
tion" of the capitalist system
long existent in Cuba has had
: its toll.
i The Cuban peso once on
'a par with the U.S. dollar
: no longer is traded in world
I currency markets. Its black
! market price ranges de
; pendent on the currency in
Uolveri down to 20 to the
! dollar. '
I The nat ii n's economy -!
once hinged tn that of its
American neiunbor to the
nort i --- now is entirely cic
! pendent on Communist aid.
Cubi.'s foreign trade of toJay
j is more Hum iiO per cent lied
I in w ith the Communist world.
The Cuban sugar crop
; the country, even after four
c:irs of Castro continues to
I be a one-crop economy is
: bartered insh-ad of sold.
I Toe 1 :i!!t'd Stai es one
, bme.tht nearly a billion dol
i l-'H's a ye;ir of Cuban su ar.
, Tiie same su-tar now is a bar
. U r iVm in Cuban trade wl'n
Hi" Crmmumst world.
To d m Cuba tor the fir-:
ti:ue in that inland's hi-tory is
now rationed. Most conunod-
ities are, too. The so-called
j working and military classes
'under Castro have priority in
t heir .'icmiisit ion.
' Lone Effort Fails
l:i tour year-;, only one
nia ,or armed eiiort has be. n
nuuie tt) topple Castro's Com
munist regime. That was in
April. Phil, when an estimat
ed l.,'.oo Cuban '"soldiers id
i fret d.-m' 'stormed ashore at
t.!ie '. of Pi us, near Ib.vana,
to try to M-ie enough Cuban
ternior for format .on of a
' govcrnmi nt-m-arms."
The F.av id Vc inv,isi"n. ,n
w ha Ii the Unit e d Si-H.'s
p:a'd a proirerir-it role, u.is
a fiihtrc Castro nelled near
ly 1 Jiiii war Prisoners
C.r'oi:p in t e Cui'-'H S'ab
h:-'e siu" ra:s; .i an esiuna'ed
r " '
"T
r Ci .j.f 4 Ot 5..tticn Winrn,
'cn-ji c T-Jii-. RiH. orlr 9000
-r C-ne. l.kc Hew.
S1SCS.C3
I)
Phono 772-61 85
Dennis the Menacs
i &fU 1 I III i". iiiliii! I!
wJif III
$c"3 million in ransom food-1
stuffs and drugs to free the
Cuban invasion captives. i
However, it has been in the
field of international diplo
macy that Cuba has played its
most prominent role in the I
four years of Castro rule. i
In October, 1962, the United j
States and Soviet Russia had!
their first so-called confrun- j
tation in modern history over i
the question of Soviet armed '
aid to the Castro regime. 1
The Russians, with Cuban,
collaboration, installed nuc-!
lear warheads and other of
fensive weapons, posing ai
threat to the United States, j
The Russians withdrew!
their warheads and bombers
and pledged withdrawal of
their military forces in Cuba
only after the United Stales
put troops on the alert and
warned that any nuclear re
taliation for a rocket attack
on the American mainland
would b a shower of mis-
sues, on uie ouviei nomeiam;.
The Soviet pullous did not j
please Casiro or his cohorts,
out tne Cuban economy lias
become so dependent on the
Pnmmuniiit u-nrM ih:i) ilmrr
was little or nnlhino ,h, -
Cuban dictator could do about
it- i
That Soviet-Cuban relations!
have been severely strained its !
a result has become clearly
evident to the non-Communist
world.
However, only time will leil
whether the strain has been
so severe as to lead Castro to
contemplate a niorc "inde-
pendent" form of socialist
thinking or, perhaps, closer
tics with the Red Chinese.
I lllUIWUIILk .-
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For Fare luiivv) Products Ash fcr '
Red China Defends
M
c! Llns' Policy
i tut
Tokyo - IITII - Communist
China today made its stronK
cst public defense of its "hard
line" policy in the most open
challenge yet to Soviet lead
ership of international com
munism. A 20. 000-word editorial in
the official Peking People's
Daily accused Soviet Premier
Xikita S. Khrushchev and
other Communist critics of
China as beinq "timid as
mice" when the American
"paper tiRer'' bares its "nuc
lear teeth."
It defended the theory that
war is "necessary," described
Khrushchev's peaceful coex
istence as "absurd'' and said
the Soviet backdown in Cuba
"can only be regarded as 100
per cent appeasement, a
I 'Munich pure and simple
The reference to Khrus!
irusn-
chev and the Soviet Union
was indirect but unmistak
able. l Bayonnc, N.J. - H'PH - Broth-
; crs Jscph. Samuel, Anthony
aim v-arru'ii Alalia had 10
take turns Sunday standing
on the roof of their bar to
j keep about 300
patrons hap
py. They each spent la min
utes at a time steadying a
special ;)0-foot television an
tenna in high winds which
were disrupting reception of
Hie National Football league
i championship game being
! broadcast by a Philadelphia
'station.
ds 3$ i$
Efcds to Yen
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t4w J?Zrr
1 -r:. r
!
Nov Mexico
Secret ot Jesse Jarr.rc z.ti zzio
Albuquerque, N.M.-'l'Pl'-Joe
Suazo, a Santa Clara Indian
who presumably knows where
$645,000 in gold bullion is hid
den on his reservation, was in
jail today because he won't
tell where.
A man who said he is a
grandson of Missouri's notori-
ous bandit Jesse James claims
that James- hid the gold, 1,260
pounds of it in 90-pound in
gots, cn the Santa Clara Res
ervation in northern New
Mexico after the Civil War.
Jesse L. James, Manitou,
Colo., said his grandfather
gave him the gold before he
died, and told him how to find
it. The gold was not loot from
robberies, the grandson said,
but was collected by James to
help finance a hoped-for sec
ond rebellion in the South.
Legally His
James convinced U.S. Dis
trict Judge Waldo Rogers at
Albuquerque that if the gold
exists it is legally his.
James said in his suit that
on March 10, 1960, he and Su
azo located the gold on a
Time Magazine Picks
Pope os 'Man of Year'
New York -IITII
T ime ma;
azine has named
Pope John
XXIII "Ma
of the Year" for
19B2.
Time said it was the first
time a religious figure has
been designated "Man of the
Year" since the annual choice
was begun in 1927. The maga
zine said the Ecumenical
Council convened by the
pontiff will have far-reaching
effects on the world.
POPULATION RISES
Washington - llil'li - The
Census Bureau said today the
U.S. population would reach
an estimated 188.045,000 on
New Year's Day, a gain of 2,
755.000 or 1.5 per cent over
last Jan. 1.
?-';- "jt'j
o o o o
All a
tat vwia
;;4:1'?' 1202 NO.
V':"f';, Riverside
ill! fa
IP
Wjrmetf wijhci to YOU,
our fnendi jnd neighbor!,
for 4 year ahead fhat'i filled
with Happtncii, Health and
Good Fortune. All of ui,
here at Jorgcnicn't, art
.grateful for your increasing
use of our products during
tht pait year.
Indian
mountain on the Santa Clara i
Reservation, following his'
grandfather's directions.
But James said he was ill. f
there was de p snow on the
mountain, and he derided not
to try to carry the heavy in
gols away imr.n d;ate'.y.
But before he couUI conn1
back for the :o!d. Ji-nics s-nci.
Suazo moved it to another hid
ing place and refused to toll
where it was unlil tho "spir
its" told him to do so. i
Order Refused
Judge Rogers ord.uvd Su
azo to surrender the goid to
James, without waiting for
the spirits' assent. Bui the In
dian, who lives at the Santa
Clara- Pueblo 23 miles north
of Santa Fe. aid not comply.
V
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3
V.
P.
tw -; i-- 'tx-i-ij
Year's Eus m m
YEAJ15
i i u, V i
To Hold
On Dec. 17. Rogers ordered
Pua:'o to appear in court and
explain why he had not given
uo the gold. Suazo did not
snow up.
U.S. marshals, on Rogers's
orders, arrested Suazo at the
Santa Clara Pueblo Wednes
day and jailed him in Albu
querque. He is being held
without bond until Rogers,
who is ill, can return to tho
bench.
"OIL TO BURN"
Mob.lhcat
S & H Green Stamps
MEDFORD FUEL CO.
772-2111
Warm wishes for the New
Year and a deeply . felt
Thank you" to all our won
derful patrons, whom we
have so happily served.
Jim and Nelda Roberts
Ivliald i
acH Z'r.zW Scrvics
2101 Darned Road
Phone
773-4462
DAY!
t