MEDFORD MAIL TRIBUNE. MEDFORD. OREGON
Sunday. November a. 19S2
Mau Mau Shadow Still
Movers Through Kenya
By JACK ENSOLL
United Presi International
Nairobi, Kenya - OiPU - The
shadow of Mau Mau still
hovers over this troubled
land, so eager for independ
ence and yet unable to find
the way.
Vestiges of Mau Mau lin
terrorist leaders - and new , successor, the Land Freedom
ones emerge as old ones are ; Army, have built their mem
arrested - the Land ,Freedom bershtp.
Army may attempt civil war As in the Mau Mau move
after Kenya's independence, j menl. fighters in the Land
The Land Freedom Army ' Freedom Army are bound by
first came to notice during the ! oaths usually administered
Mau Mau emergency when it j during secret ceremonies
was the militant wine of Mau i which include some riti-s nf
ger in tne terrorist Land Free-. Mau in Nairobi. It was led unspeakable obscenity,
dom Army. Currently the by "Generar Kariuki Cho- j Anli-Terrorist Campaign
aiuiy atjfjtrciis iu nave uccn , iara, ai inai lime an lo-year-1
contained, -but few believe it ; old terrorist and confessed
can be effectively smashed. ; murderer nf 18 lcllow Afn-
Veteran Kenyans believe it : cans.
A new anti-terrorist cam
paign begun in I960 has re
sulted in the detention of the
will continue to plague this Arrested in 1954 ; J -
British colony even after in-1 chotara was arrested in rluaI "f n " urban
dependence, as ong as the ter- 1m u,,. PSPanpri anrt , the ! e"le ?. a rom- Nyer
ritory's various tribes resist "ear look over co FV "."V, B" ,mP;Unt
welding into one nation. bd Lid Freedom CiS f """ Lan,d
Mau Mau. which waged a I Xrmy. L was'8 1 Z'rtZ . ZJTuZTZ
terrifying campaign of death , in 1955, and condcmned to rifl "alle nrovince There
and intimidation in Kenya in death. Because of his youth. Prm ii -Th ,n h '
was essentially a 1, le sentence was commuted. ! gained ,ne allegiance of some
.- remains in npipnnnn.
the 1950's
movement
tribe. Its successor, the Land
Freedom Army, is even more
closely identified with the
Kikuyu.
Interpreted Terrorism
Apologists for the Kikuyu
during the Mau Mau emergen
cy period interpreted their
terrorism in terms of an agri
cultural rebellion. They saw
the Mau Mau fighters as land-
less peasants, desperate to es
tablish themselves in the fer
tile highlands which the Brit
ish government had reserved
for white settlers since the
turn of the century.
Even then, however, it was
clear that Mau Mau Kikuyu
were fighting not only Euro
peans but also their fellow
Africans, members of other
tribes.
Nairobi police officials who
have been acting against the
Land Freedom Army say it is
the strong arm of the Kikuyu
tribe, aimed at achieving by
any means its ambition of
, occupying the fertile lands of
the Rift Valley province.
'Revokes Its Policy
police evidence, definitely
established itself as a Kikuyu
organization, feared and loath
ed by other tribes.
Most Intelligent Tribe
The Kikuyu, Kcna experts
say, are the most intelligent
tribe in the territory. They
take most readily to civiliza'
tion and have been quick to
learn the skills of the Euro
pean. Yet they are a tribe
steeped in witchcraft, prone
to forming secret societies,
vile oath-taking and subver
sion. Elements of mystique are
characteristic to forest dwel
lers, and most of Kikuyuland
was once forest.
The Kikuyu also are a tribe
of individualists. Unlike oth
er East African peoples they
. Britain, at tne London Lan-: have never produced a para-
caster House Conference of mount chief or any other of
9(1 ner rent nf the lfl mm Irvul
With the arrest of Chotara i Kikuvu, many of them squat
and his principal lieutenants ters.
the Land Freedom Army, as, Tnese sqUatters, who farm
it then existed, was believed sman areas ot lheir wnite
smashed. But the movement employers' land, have been
sprang up again in I960 in attracted by the promise that
the Nairobi, Nyeri and Fort aftcr independence the farms
HaI1 areas- land land on which they live
In its new form, the Land win become their property.
freedom Army, according to, In an indenendent Kenva
1960, decided to revoke its
policy of keeping the high
lands as a "white" reserve,
.and is now gradually buying i affairs of each "ridge" were
up buropean farms for Alri
can settlement. But this does
! not satisfy the terrorists who
don't want to see the lands
go to any Africans but thern-
' selves.
: Local observers predict that
unless the authorities succeed
in continually rounding up
this Kikuyu plan to take such
lands would immediately
clash with claims by the Kai
enjin and Masai tribes in the
same area.
Inter-Tribal Hostility
This inter-tribal hostiity
finds i parallel in Kenya's
legitimate political life, and
is the cause of so much of
its frustration.
Tribally, the country's main
political parties the Kenya
African Nation Union (KANU)
and the Kenya African Demo
cratic Union (KADU) are on
opposite sides.
KANU, under the leader
ship of former Mau Mau lead
er Jomo Kenyatta, now min
ister of state, is dominated
by the Kikuyu. The ' KADU
membership is made up of the
minor tribes who are now
The tribe was divided into said to be more fearful of
clans and "ridges" and the ! Kikuyu domination than of
of
over-all tribal government.
controlled by the "Athamaki
or local elders. The clan chiefs
were masters of witchcraft
and expert at secret methods
of control by terror.
This addiction to sorcery
has stayed with the Kikuyu
and formed the cornerstone
on which the Mau Mau and its
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Immcrfitte
Dclivtry
in moit llict
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European colonialism.
Tribal Antagonism
The tribal antagonism isj
holding up Kenya's independence.-
The Lancaster. House con
ference resulted in both Ken
yatta and KADU leader Ron
ald Ngala becoming ministers
of state. It was hoped that this
arrangement would result in
speedy agreement on a con
stitution. There has been little
progress '
While KANU insists on a
strong, unitary government,
KADU, fearful of Kikuyu am
bitions, is pressing for a con
stitution which would allow
the various regions a large
degree of autonomy.
Independence Foreseen
At the I960 conference, in
dependence for Kenya was
foreseen by 1963, but it is
generally expected this target
! date will not be achieved,
j No date has been for another
conference.
Those smaller tribes which
stood aside during the Mau
Mau rebellion are now faced
with the argument that the
Kikuyu fought for the fruits '
of victory and should there
fore have the best posts and
the best land after independ
ence. Longtime observers of the
Kenyan scenes, surveying the :
territory's chances of peaceful
national development, point '
nut that the Kikuyu has al
ways believed himself super
ior to other tribesmen. He be-'
lieves that the Kikuyu has
been chosen by "Gikuyu" and
"Mumbi" the Rod and god
dess of the tribe to rule
Kenya.
Rules Kikuyus Thoughts
This, coupled with an in
satiable appetite for land, has
always ruled the thoughts,
politics and aspirations of the
Kikuyus, while an ever-increasing
population -due to
improved health conditions
has given further impetus to
his age-old ambition,
j Old Kenya hands say that
i the Land Freedom Army, a
j development of Mau Mau,
may be crushed in its present
form, but if it is other under
ground Kikuyu societies will
spring up and Kenya will
know no real peace until its
most dynamic tribe learns how
to merge with the rest of the
population.
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