MLDFOHD MAIL TRIBUNE. MLDKOHD. OHLGON
1 HUHaDA Y, hOVLMttLH 15, 1962
Today & Tomorrow
By Walter Lippmann
e New York Herald Tribune Syndicate
Llppmanu
CUBA AND AFTER
While the Cuban question
Is far from being settled, it
has almost, though not entire
ly, ceased to be a major issue
between the Soviet Union and
the United
States. Having
removed i t s
strategic mis
siles, which
represented a
very large
military in
vestment i n
Cuba, the So
viet Union
can have no
interest in leaving the bomb
ers in Castro's hands.
These bombers are danger
ous weapons in the hands of
an unstable character like
Castro. Trie bombers are slow
and old and vulnerable, and
though they could do much
damage in a surprise raid if
equipped wtih nuclear bombs,
it is most improbable that the
Soviet Union is entrusting
nuclear bombs to Castro. We
must not forget that the Pres
ident has put Mr. Khrushchev
on public notice that a nuc
lear strike from Cuba will be
treated as a nuclear strike
from the Soviet Union.
Theoretically, anything is
possible. But it is most im
probable that Mr. Khrushchev
would dismantle the power
ful Soviet missiles which
were under Soviet control,
and leave Castro with a few
dozen obsolete bombers equip
ped with nuclear bombs
which could initiate a ther
monuclear catastrophe.
fN CUBA as a military base
the United States has
prevailed, and what remains
is an issue between Castro on
the one hand, and on the
other hand the United States,
the Latin American republics,
and the Soviet Union itself.
It appears that Mr. Miko
yan has had a hard and not
very successful encounter
with Castro in Havana. If
so, he has not yet played his
trump card, which would be
to tell Castro that if he ob
structs the complete fulfill
ment of the Khrushchev-Kennedy
agreement, the economic
help which is indispensible to
Cuba will be cut down. Mr.
Khrushchev has done that to
Red China. There is no rea
son why he could not or
would not do it to Red Cuba.
In any event, the objective
Is the disarmament of offen
sive weapons In Cuba. Even
If the Soviet Union does not
compel Cuba to give up the
bombers, the United States
has the power, if the power
is used under a mandate from
the Organization of American
States, to solve the bomber
problem.
I
F POWER is needed to
solve it, it could be a
New Refrigerated
'Cold Wall' Trailer
Holds Temperatures
A new type refrigerated
"cold wall" trailer consistent
ly holds frozen foods at aver
age temperatures of zero or
below, according to a market
ing research report issued by
the United States department
of agriculture's agricultural
marketing service.
Previous research has
shown that a temperature of
zero or below is essential to
the maintenance of high qual
ity in frozen foods. Many
trailers hauling frozen foods
are not able to maintain that
low an average, the research
ers observed.
The new cold-wall trailers
have double walls, floors, and
ceilings, and improved insula
tion, and refrigerated air is
circulated in the spac be
tween them so as to form a
blanket of refrigeration all
around the load.
The study is part of a pro
gram of research by AMS to
maintain quality and improve
efficiency in marketing farm
products, to the advantage of
both producers and consum
ers. A copy of the report, "The
Cold-Wall Trailer - Maintain
ing Frozen Food Belou
Zero," Marketing Research
Report No. 540, may be ob
tained from the Office of In
formation. U.S. Department
of Agriculture, Washington
25, D. C.
A special honey frosting to
brush on cookies before you
bake them can be made by
combining one slightly beaten
egg white with enough honey
for proper consistency.
If steps are icy in the early
morning, sprinkle them with
salt immediately.
blockade of oil shipments. But
a better solution would be for
the Organization of Ameri
can States to tell Castro that
the military neutralization of
Cuba is the price of a collec
tive guarantee against invas
ion or blockade.
The sooner the Cuban prob
lem can be made into a prob
lem of the Western hemis
phere, the better the pros
pects of making some prog
ress in East-West relations. I
realize that it is possible that
Mr. Khrushchev will make a
surprise move somewhere to
recoup some of the prestige
which he lost in Cuba. But,
at least for the moment, this
does not seem likely. Mr.
Khrushchev, with Mr. Ken
nedy's help, has taken the line
that Cuba was not a defeat
but an example of statesman
ship to save the peace of the
world.
For Mr. Khrushchev per
sonally, and for the Soviet
Union in its present position
in the world, this is the logi
cal line to lake. It seems most
likely to me that the after
math of the Cuban crisis will
be some important attempts
to work out a temporary ac
commodation with the West.
jllY HOPE that this can
happen rests in the main
on two major developments
in the world balance of pow
er. One is the indubitable
nuclear superiority of the
United States. The other is
the indubitably deep conflict
between Russia and China.
The combined effect of these
two factors is to induce Mos
cow to avoid a simultaneous
mortal conflict both in Asia
and in the West.
The inducement to seek an
accommodation in the West
is greatly reinforced by the
enormous success of the mixed
economies of Western Eu
rope. It is now certain that
the Communist parties are
not going to take over Italy
or France or any other West
ern European state. It is quite
the other way around: the
East European Communist
states and the Soviet Union
itself will be greatly attracted
and much pressed to come to
economic terms with the
great markets and the great
suppliers of the West.
For the Soviet Union this
is the way to peace and pros
perity, and it is only with
peace and prosperity that Mr.
Khrushchev and the present
Russian regime can hope to
flourish. All the other ways
lead only to the increasingly
insupportable costs of the
race in armaments, and at the
end of it the catastrophic
nightmare of thermonuclear
war.
AS CUBA is being liqui
dated as a Soviet-American
problem, it seems likely
that the nuclear powers will
get to, or at least get much
nearer to, an agreement to
slop testing. As a matter of
fact the United States has al
ready stopped testing and the
Soviets will stop on Nov. 20.
The incentive to resume test
ing in the near future is not
very strong. There is probab
ly less and less to be learned.
On the other hand, the incen
tive is strong to reach an
agreement in order to stop
or to slow down the spread
of nuclear weapons. We are
all afraid of nuclear weapons
in China and no one really
wants to see them in Ger
many. If a test ban is agreed to,
there is a very fair chance of
some progress in the reduc
tions of armaments. The most
promising path here is to be
gin with the reduction of
what are called "first-strike''
weapons, missiles and slow
bombers which are good only
for a surprise attack. Because
they would be wiped out so
easily and so quickly, they
are provocative without be
ing defensive. Both in the So
viet Union and in the West
there are a lot of such anti
quated but provocative wea
pons, and the world would be
a much safer place if they
could be eliminated.
The weapons which would
remain for a second strike aft
er a surprise attack would be
the Polaris, missiles in truly
hardened sites, and certain
kinds of bombers which
would somehow survive a
first strike. They are defen
sive and deterrent against
surprise attacks. Thus there
would be no need to have
total disarmament which no
country would in fact accept.
All this rests on the sup
position that Berlin will be
left to simmer while these ac
commodations are being attempted.
1 lj$
Italian Schools Plagued
By Poverty and Old Age
In a contemplative mood
art "Dean Ruth" ai played
by Paula Preacott, Dave Molt
and Bill Tillord. players ap
pearing in tonight's perform
ance of "Dear Ruth" at the
Ashland high school Little
theatre. The senior class play
is coached by Mrs. Lucy Su
see of the faculty English de
partment. Play Set
In Ashland
Ashland - Dress rehearsal
and a student matinee Thurs
day afternoon put the final
touches on the senior class
play at Ashland High school
and all is in readiness for the
8 o'clock curtain tonight.
The play to be presented in
the Little theatre of the high
school is the popular war
time comedy romance, "Dear
Ruth." In the cast are Paula
Prescott in the .title role; Dave
Mott, Bill Tilford, Barbara
Barry, Jane Hcnnick, Chuck
Calhoun, Betty Martin, Craig
Pennington, Charles Hile
stad, and Miss Mary Paul
Workman.
Mrs. Lucy Susce is the
faculty coach.
Tickets will be on sale at
the theatre box office or from
members of the senior class.
Exhibit
Announced
The public is invited to
view an exhibit of paintings
by 15 local artists now being
shown at Rath's Fashion
center, 214 East Main street,
Medford.
The exhibit, under the di
rection of Mrs. Ruby Twedell,
809 Beekman street, will re
main on view through No
vember 13.
The paintings also are for
sale.
By RAY MOSELEY
Rome ll'PH The Italian
schools arc in trouble, from
their Latin textbooks to their
sometimes tumble-down class
rooms. They are suffering from
poverty, neglect and old age.
Twenty-two of every 100
children who enter school in
Italy never go beyond the ele
mentary grades.
For those who do stay on,
I the prospect is dismal not
enough classrooms, equipment
j or books.
I In some large cities such as
: Naples, students are forced to
attend school in three shifts,
at buildings that are over
crowded, out-of-date and in
some cases unsafe.
Shortage
The teacher shortage grows
more serious every day, and
the substitutes rushed in to
fill the breach often are less
than satisfactory.
The curriculum is under
fire too-perfectly adapted, its
critics say, to the require
ments of 19th century aristo
rracy rather than to 20th cen
tury space age.
The educational crisis is
not a crisis of one country
alone, but of almost the entire
Western world. Its dimensions
are similar in the United
States, France, Britain and a
score of other countries.
It is a crisis of money and
of philosophy.
Like most other Western
nations. Italy has had unparal
leled prosperity since World
War II. And like most of the
others, its spending for edu
cation has not increased in
proportion to its rise in in
come or population.
Increase
In the past three years, the
number of students slaying in
school past the elementary
grades has increased from 56
out of 100 to 78 in 100. The
number going beyond junior
high school is up 33 per cent,
and the number of high school
graduates has increased 30
per cent.
To meet this growth the
Italian schools have boosted
their teaching staffs from 65,
000 to 105.000. Expenditures
tor equipment have increased
20 i es
But the experts estimate
that the country still needs
thousands of new schools,
about 100,000 new teachers,
plus a program of retraining
for many of the old ones, and
at least 200,000 to 300.000
scholarships for children of
the poor.
As if all this were not
enough, Italian educational
circles are in a controversy
over what should be taught
in the schools. The question of
whether there is too much
emphasis on classical subjects,
and not enough on science and
other more "practical" sub
jects. Critics Argue
The critics argue Italy in 15
years will need 10 million
specialized workers, four mil
lion higher-rated technicians
and almost three million high
ly specialized scientists and
engineers.
There U no scientific in
struction in Italy now below
the high-school ievel, and lit
tle geography.
Greek and Latin are empha
sized heavily in high schools,
but critics complain that only
one modern foreign language
is required, and it is taught
according to outmoded forms.
It seems to be agreed that
the curriculum must be over
hauled, but at that point the
educators bog down.
A reorganization of the
structure of the schools also
seems to be agreed upon.
Again there is controversy
over how to do it.
In Italy, as elsewhere, talk
about school problems is
abundant. Action is slow in
coming.
Curried Chicken
Curried fried chicken calls
for rice and spiced fruit as
side dishes. Wash a two and
one-half pound frying chicken
and cut into serving pieces.
Dredge damp chicken in a
mixture of three-fourths cup
of flour, two teaspoons of
salt, one teaspoon of curry
powder, and one-half teaspoon
of black pepper. Heat one-half
cup of vegetable shortening or
lard, enough to cover chicken
half way, in a heavy iron or
aluminum skillet. Fry chicken
slowly, turning to brown
both sides, until golden brown
and tender. Serves six.
The life span of the aver
age dairy cow is between five
and six years, the University
of California reports.
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