JQ JJ THURSDAY. OCTOBER 25. 1962
MEDFORD MAIL TRIBUNE, MEDFORD, OREGON
Political Revolution Not Backed Up by Other Reforms, Myrdal Notes
MEDFORD MAIL TRIBUNE, MkDKtKD. ORtliOlM
(Cditor'i note: Will the
American Negro gain full
equality in our time and.
li to, what will it mean to
America? And what it the
portent of the Ole Miti ri
ots recently?
(Sweden's Gunnar Myrdal,
one of the world's fore
most economists and a long
time student of race prob
lems in America, address
ed himself to these ques
tions in a speech at How
ard university, Washing
ton, D.C., this summer. Ask
ed to analyie the recent
unrest in Mississippi, he re
ferred back to this address
which is extracted below.
(Myrdal, 63, is professor
of economics at the Univer
sity of Stockholm; was
Sweden's postwar minister
of commerce; and from 1947
to 19S7 headed the UN's
economic commission for
Europe. He directed a Car
negie Corp. study of the
American race problem
from 1938 to 1942. His book
"An American Dilemma"
(1944) is a standard work.
Myrdal holds honorary de
grees from Harvard, Yale
and Columbia universities.)
necessary. In this new epoch
the Negro cause is a winning
one.
I have not the slightest
doubt that we shall continu
ously see great improvement
in the Negro's status in Amer
ican society, and I even fore
see that the rising trend of
the past two decades will ac
celerate. It would take me too
far afield to explain all tny
reasons for this conviction.
But, among them, on the
material side, is the grow
ing affluence of society which
provides more elbow room for
everybody and has little in
terest in pushing anybody into
the ditch.
On the spiritual side, there
is the reality of the ideals en
shrined in your constitution
and rooted in the hearts of
the American people.
With rising levels of edu
cation the hold of these ideals
in America is continuously
strengthened. I n crcasingly,
the false and derogatory be
liefs about Negroes, which
have filled the function of ra
tionalizing prejudices, can be
expressed only by those will
ing to betray their own lack
of culture.
SELF-SEGREGATION
MUST GO:
I should not be fully candid entele to give you a comfort
with you, if at this point 1 j able and uncontested econom-
ing to retain petty monopoly ! segregation and discrimina-1 parts of the North, but many a major step towards the
! preserves among a Negro cli-j tion against Negro families in I other schools are also bad, complete integration of Ne-
housing. But the general prob-1 and the best hope for Negroes, groes in American society
did not stress another impli
cation of the integration of
the Negroes in the wider
American society, namely
that the Negro professional
middle and upper class will
have to surrender economic
monopolies which they have
held, and are still holding,
on the basis of prejudice. You
cannot cry for the breaking
down of the walls of segre
gation and discrimination
while, at the same time, hop-
ic safety. You must have the
courage to choose a harder
life in which your abilities
will be tested against the
norms established in the wid
er American society and, in
deed, in the whole world.
As the integration process
proceeds, the problems of the
Negroes will gradually tend
to disappear as separate prob
lems. For a long time yet,
there will undoubtedly be
problems of breaking down
lem of slum clearance in
American cities is the bigger
and more important one. And
the Negro's stake in that big
ger problem is the greater
as there is no hope for a sat
isfactory separate solution to
the housing problems of Ne
groes as long as slums remain
a blot on American cities.
IMPROVE ALL SCHOOLS:
The schools most Negro
children attend are bad in
the South and often in some
By DR. GUNNAR MYRDAL
Distributed By
United Press International
As we can now look back
over the era of reconstruction
with the wisdom of hindsight,
we see clearly that the rea
son why so much went wrong
and why so little permanent
improvement in the lot of the
Negroes in the South result
ed was this: That the politi
cal revolution was not back
ed up by economic and social
reform.
The Negro people were left
again to the mercy of the
white upper caste in the
South, now embittered bv all
that had followed their mili
tary defeat.
Thereafter, for more than
half a century indeed, un
til the end of the 'Thirties -
the status of the Negro peo.
pie remained on the whole
unchanged. There were ad
vances on some fronts, but
retreats on others.
In my study of the Negro
problem in America at that
time, I came to the collu
sion, however, that this pe
riod of stagnation was only a
temporary ballancing of
forces which were just on Ihe
verge of being broken. I saw
big changes in Ihe offing.
And, as we know, this ac
tually happened. These last
20 years have been filled with
advances on all fronts: in the
labor market, in education, in
the fields of social welfare
and housing, In the structure
of law and law observance,
and generally In the enjoy
ment of more equal opportuni
ties to do things, to move in
society, to work, produce and
consume without meeting seg
regation and discrimination.
TWO ASTONISHING
DECADES:
N
Prejudice ilself is also
slow to disappear, Ihough its
legal and institutional retain
ing walls are crumbling.
There is still a long road to
travel before America be
comes in fact the egalitarian
country of its creed. But in
historical perspective the ra
pidity of progress is astonish
ing. Let us remember that
practically all of this progress
has taken place in Ihe short
period of I lie last 20 ye:irs,
following six decades of stag
nation - - and that its coming
was not anticipated by most
students of the American
scene.
The progressive achieve
ments of recent years have
not been won without efforts.
Every individual advance on
the whole broad front has !md
to be fought for, sometimes
against fierce resistance, m
thi, general advance unfor
tunate incidents occur which
neepiy disturb the partici
pants. But we should not ex
pect the uprooting of racial
inequality in the (hi-c of in
herited and emotion - laden
Prejudices to be frirtinnles.
GOOD FROM THE BAD:
In a seiiM1, unpleasant inci
dents even have a function to
fulfill in this process of ad
vance. In this light, the Little )(,ck
disturbances and the many
other unfortunate incident's
reported daily in the Ameri
can press have their posi
tive role to play in giving mo
mentum to social advance.
I maintain that it is impor
tant to see clearly that the
trend moves steeply upwards,
In order to avoid discourage!
ment and to sustain the deter
mination required in ihe
skirmishing that may still ne
Subscribers
T-i report Improper nr mm
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Mrdloid phonf 772-Hlli, Ah.
wnrt 4H at 1..UH m ,,r
(hone Birutf, Mnntjig.tr jmrt
Yrekn phone CLnlic 9-;ii7i he-tort-
K pm daily And 10 30
a m Siindrtv
il regular delivers- jirme
hurt!y alter vmi rail plm.e
nnlif office, thua eliminating
aperial rneasenser aervlre
particularly in this period of
desegregation, is a campaign
for improving the schools
generally.
In this situation, it is both
natural ana necessary that
Negroes should support and
join those forces in American
society which stand for gen
eral social and economic
progress. When narrower
group interests are submerged
and the pursuit of social ad
vantage for the whole com
munity is brought to the fore.
will have been taken
To fight discrimination
against Negroes in the labor
market remains naturally a
task that cannot be relaxed.
But much more important is
the recreation of the condi
tions for American economic
progress, as nothing is more !
effective in liquidating dis
crimination than full employ
ment and a rising trend of
incomes to all.
In this way, the cause of
raising the status of the Ne
groes in America and stamp
ing out the remnants of seg
regation and discrimination
is bound up more closely than
ever before with the progres
sive causes in the country. As
American Negroes you have
no reason to have a split per
sonality. "She integration o(
the Negroes in American so
ciety has already proceeded
so far that without any hes
itation you can feel that what
is good for America is good
for the Negroes and equal
ly you can feel that what is
good for the Negroes is good
for America. .
Cleanliness, Neatness
Affect Work Quality
? New York - fli PI) - Dr. Leslie
J. Nason, professor of cduca-
. tion at the University of
Southern California, says the
quality of citizenship and the'
quality of learning often are)
affected by cleanliness and :
neatness. j
"The child who is sent to i
school appropriately and neat-
Two Banks Are Kept For Leukemia Girl
Dallas, Tex. - (UPD - There ( employes to give blood to
are two banks in the life of ! Cynthia were made by the
a five-year-old blonde who is ! Pallas Junior Chamber of
dying from leukemia. Commerce, which won a na-
. ,, ,, tional Jaycee award for its
One is the Wadley Blood j -project Against Leukemia."
Bank, where Cynthia Ann Red "PAL" buttons are
Calender receives an average iven ns wno dona(e
of at least one pint of blood , blood t0 ieukem!a patients
a ., . land for research on the dis-
ine uuier is me rtrst IV a-
TIGHT FIT
Huntsville, Tex. - H'TO -Physical
fitness programs at
the Texas slate prison added
a new dimension recently
when training instructors
urged prisoners to supplement
group exercise sessions with
do-it-yourself exercises "which
can be accomplished in the
compactness of a cell."
1MUHSDAY. OCTOBER 25. 1362
'Project English' Starts Look into Students' Writin
D 11
ly dressed, as well as physical- ,lona' Bank in Dallas, where
Iv clean, is in a good position
to tackle his learning task,"
he noted.
One of America's last re
maining herds of great ant
lered moose is living in Mich
igan's Isle Royale National
Park on Lake Superior.
P
Oregon 35 SOC 39
Air Force 20 EOC 7
w-y-.vx v ..-.... m. v. - - " - N: '. ' v . :." -.: ;. :...:
n Jl I. j H mW
inn c nwiywHUu m
ft -w- J , . - I A
1,100 employees have "adopt
ed" the girl and are pledged
to donate the needed blood.
Cynthia, daughter of Mr.
and Mrs. Wayne Callender of
Electra. Tex., does not know
that doctors expect her to live
less than two years.
Arrangements for the bank
ease.
Ten other groups in the
Dallas area, ranging from mil
itary reservists to fashion de
signers. have similarly
"adopted" children stricken
with leukemia.
Burma is an agricultu-al
country, depending on one
crop. rice.
HEADY SPICE
New York - Wli - Take an
other look at the bay leaves
sitting on your spice shelf. To
you, the things add extra in
terest to fish or chowder.
They're palate ticklers. But to
the Creeks and Romans, bay
leaves were used when weav
ing crowns for Olympic heroes.
By JAMES DOYLE
United Press International I
Eugene- il'PP -Several years j
ago. educators came to the I
rnnrliNinn thai .Tnhnnv .n,,M !
' not read. Changes were made
to correct the situation.
Johnny is older now, and
he can read. But he can't
write well and generally can
not express himself well in
conversation.
A new five-year study call
try. The University of Ore
gon is the only one in the
West engaged in the study.
The program, under direc
tion of Dr. Albert KiUhaber.
will be carried on in two
fields-the university is the
headquarters for the center
and three contiguous school
districts in the Eugene area
where students, grade 7
through 12, will work on cur
riculum devised at the center.
ed "Project English" is going I Methods of Teaching
to look into the situation and
make changes to correct it.
Project English began this
fall at six institutions of high-
ine reason Johnny has a
poor general knowledge of
his mother tongue. Kitzhabcr
believes, is mainly because
shamefully out of date
High school English is a
mixture of grammar, fre
quently repetitious, and lit
erature and anything else
that can be crammed into the
course.
There Is. in short, a need
at the higher education level
for a solid background in
English. But the source is
lacking.
A basic fault, Dr. Kitz
habcr says, is a lack of se
quence. For that reason, mold
ing a sequential course
through the grades is a major
aim of the study. -
He says literature now be
ing taught at the junior high
school level is of very little
literary merit.
Many educators feel there
is little superior literature
that is understandable to chil
dren of this age group, but
Kitzhaber disagrees.
Examples of Literature
As examples of good, but
simple, literature he points
to Aesop's Fables. La Fon
taine. Biblical readings and
the classic myths and legends.
"Many students reach col
lege without even knowing
the classic fairy talcs, except
as they have been strained
through the mind of Wall
f
o
Medford 13 K. Falls 12
K. Falls 0 II Grants Pass 9
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HELP THEM IN HIGH SCHOOL
To Learn More-To Earn More
THE GOLDEN HOME AND
HIGH SCHOOL ENCYCLOPEDIA
Buy a Book a Week. Now Available
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KT """"""" " """ ''','Mr''l i etwne, i,w,leBn wnm mm mw, mm
Disney," he said.
"There is now an entire
Beneration which thinks that
one of the characters in
'Snow White' is a lovable
little deaf-mute."
And what of grammar?
"Most textbooks show no
awareness of the scholarly
developments in the study of
language since "1900," he said
He added that the material
on language in these text
books is a description of
Latin, not English.
Latin, at the end of ihe
last century, was regarded as
the only pure, classical lan
guage and. as a result r...
lish was forced inlo its mold.
Nol Sequential
On the whole high school
leaching in English is "not
sequential, not modern, and
nol intellectually sound"
Kitzhaber said.
He mentioned some brum
spots, however Westport,
Conn., Pittsburgh, Nebraska,
and Portland, where the high
school curriculum was revised
according to his own study.
It is hoped the new project
will result in a complete re
vision in methods of teaching
English in high school. The
results of the study will nui
force-fed to other schools,
however, but will be held up
as a model for a new cur
riculum. Selected groups of hloh
school teachers spent the past
summer in classrooms learn
ing a new order in literature
and language. In order to
teach effectively their own
language, the teachers must
have a belter grasp of the
subject mailer, he indicated.
Grades 7 through 12 were
chosen for the project study
because departmentalized in
struction normally begins at
the grade 7 level. The fresh
man college level was omit
ted because of the necessity
ot limiting the study.
New textbooks will be. one
major result of the project.
ihe U.S. Office of Educa
tion has granted the univer
sity $250,000 to begin work.
The program will eventually
cost a halt-million dollars.
The rest is to come from the
university and the Oregon
Public School system.
Outside Nations
Plague Britain
For Territory
By PETEB KNOX
London - IDPII - Britain Is
fast winding up its colonial
empire but remains a big
enough International landlord
to be plagued with real es
lalo heartaches.
In various quarters of Ihe
globe, Britain is being con
fronted with claims by out
side nations for territory over
which the Union Jack now
flies.
These claims are distinct
from the independence de
mands of the peoples inside
the colonies and come main,
ly from neighbors who believe
the British rights of owner
ship rest on shaky historical
ground. '
Some of the claims, like
Spain's over Gibraltar, are
centuries old. Others have lain
dormant for many years but
have bubbled to the surface
again as talk of colonialism
has filled the international
air now that many countries
have won their independence.
Wants Land
The latest country in with a
claim on British territory Is
Venezuela. It wants back a
slice of disputed land along its
border with British Guiana
and is asking the United Na
tions to consider the matter.
Britain is used to this sort
of business. Recently, the
Philippines came up with a
claim to British North Bor
neo. Earlier in the year there
were talks with Guatemala
over its demands to soverign
ty in British Honduras.
South Africa has been cast
ing covetous eyes on British
Bechuanaland, and in the arid
Middle East the Yemen has
long disputed British rights In
Aden and its neighboring pro
tectorate. In the Antarctic, Britain,
Argentina and Chile all have
rival claims to big tracts of
1-ind, befittingly have agreed
to "freeze" their various He.
mnnds for 30 years.
The British recognize that
Ihe old days have gone when
the dispatch of a gunboat to
the scene was enough to dis
suade other countries from
trying to take any British
controlled area.
Unvleldino;
Nevertheless Ihe British
have shown no signs of yield
in" to any of the claims.
Their diplomats are engaged
In a large scale holdine oner
ation to keen the pretend"
away while the eolonlnl prob
lem is sorted out.
The avowed British aim Is
to hrlne all colonial nenntes
eventually to inder)cn',enr
and then let them deride for
themselves the problem of
nei"hborlv relations.
The Brltisli are confident
lhat the people in the colon,
les prefer It that way. and
want the neighbors kept back.